Biology Ch. 11 vocabulary quiz

the activation, or "turning on" of a gene that results in transcription and the production of mRNA

• gene expression

• regulator gene

• transcription factor

• cell differentiation

a series of genes that code for specific products and the regulatory elements that control these genes. In prokaryotes, the structural genes, the promoter, and the operator collectively form a/n ___________.

• operon

• lac operon

• euchromatin

• enhancer

is the segment of DNA that acts as a “switch” by controlling the access of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

• operon

• lac operon

• inducer

• operator

Coded for by regulator genes and these proteins inhibit genes from being expressed. A ___________ ___________ attaches to the operator, physically blocking the advancement of RNA polymerase.

• transcription factor

• homeobox

• repressor protein

• gene expression

binds to the repressor protein and the repressor protein detaches from the operator. RNA polymerase can then advance to the structural genes.

• inducer

• enchancer

• operator

• metastasis

a segment of a structural gene that is transcribed but not translated. Eukaryotic genes are organized into non-coding sections, called ____________

• homeobox

• gene expression

• intron

• exon

in a structural gene, one of the segments that are ultimately transcribed and translated when the gene is expressed. Eukaryotic genes are organized into coding sections

• operon

• euchromatin

• intron

• exon

precursor mRNA; the first strand of mRNA produced by gene transcription that contains both introns and exons. In eukaryotes, gene expression can be controlled after transcription—through the removal of introns

• pre-mRNA

• homeobox

• gene expression

• structural gene

a regulatory protein that binds to DNA and stimulates the transcription of certain genes

• genome

• transcription factor

• repressor protein

• euchromatin

The development of cells with specialized functions is

called ______.

• morphogenesis

• cell differentiation

• determination

• genomic equivalence