Principles of Geology

What does Hutton's theory of uniformitarianism state?

• Geologic processes maintain an unchanged, or uniform, lithosphere.

• The Earth's appearance is static.

• The processes observed on Earth today are the same processes that have occurred over eons of time.

• The Earth is dynamic.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

View the diagram. Select the 4 forces from the illustration that change the Earth's surface.

• tectonics

• weathering

• erosion

• release of magma

• deposition

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

When did the Earth form?

Select all correct choices.

• 4600 mya

• 460 mya

• 460 bya

• 4.6 bya

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

What must you understand in order to determine the relative age of rock strata?

• How deposition occurs and how the Earth's forces can alter the arrangement of rock strata

• The rate of decay of the radioactive rock material found in the rock layers

• The conditions of the Earth's atmosphere at the time the sedimentary rock layers formed

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which is NOT a principle of geology?

• principle of superposition

• principle of originality

• principle of horizontality

• principle of inclusions

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Using relative age dating, which layer is younger?

• top

• bottom

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Which principle of geology states the sedimentary layer on the bottom of the outcrop is older than the layers above it?

The principle of _____.

• superposition

• horizontality

• cross-cutting relationship

• inclusions

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Which principle of geology is illustrated in this image.

The principle of _____.

• superposition

• cross-cutting relationships

• lateral continuity

• original horizontality

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

The process of erosion carved out this canyon.

Look at the outcrop of rock in the foreground (closest to you). If the rock crop were magically cut in half from side to side, what would you notice about the layer of the formation you can now see?

Hint: Visualize a 3 layered white cake that has different colored frosting between each layer. Take off the top tier. Look at the layer of frosting.

• The layer would stop in the middle of the outcrop.

• The layer would get thicker as it reaches the edges of the outcrop.

• The layer twould show a continuous thickness and width throughout the cross-section of rock

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which layer is youngest?

Which layer is oldest?

• A, C

• A, D

• D, A

• D, C

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4