People dislike work, are not motivated by the desire to do a good job and must be closely supervised. Which of the following categories do these assumptions fall into?

• Theory x

• Administrative school

• Theory y

• Human resource model

According to Maslow, what is represented when employees have a desire for positive self-image and the desire to succeed?

• Self actualization need

• Esteem need

• The need to belong

• Safety need

John, the managing director of ABC Co. Ltd, is thinking about increasing the scope of a job by broadening or deepening the tasks undertaken by his staff. What is this referred to as?

• Job rotation

• Job enrichment

• Job enlargement

• Quality circles

Which of the following is NOT an example of a financial incentive?

• Job enrichment

• Profit sharing

• Variable pay

• Bonus

Maslow’s Hierarchy of human needs suggest that

• All workers will be able to reach self-actualization

• Esteem needs are fully met from paying workers more money

• Recognition from work done well is an important part of satisfying esteem needs

• If a worker feel that his/her social needs are being met through work, then job security is no longer needed

Herzberg two-factor theory of motivation suggests that:

• Removing dissatisfaction at work by ensuring the ‘hygiene factors’ that are in place will lead to motivated workers

• Higher pay will always lead to better motivated workers

• One of the ‘motivator’ factors is reducing the hours of work

• One of the ‘motivator’ factors is to provide challenging and rewarding work

Which element of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs would an organization be satisfying if it provides its workers with pension plans

• Social

• Security

• Self-esteem

• Physiological

Mary works in a small supermarket. She thinks that the pay is good. While she enjoys the group of friends with whom she works, she is considering leaving because she feels that her work is not appreciated and is not challenging enough.

According to Maslow, which of the following reasons BEST explains Mary’s desire to leave?

• Security needs are not being met

• None of her needs is being met

• Higher order needs are not being satisfied

• Lower order needs are not being satisfied

At which level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs would ‘open and honest communication among employees’ be applicable?

• Social

• Safety

• Esteem

• Self-actualization

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a hygiene factor based on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?

• Pay

• Job security

• Recognition

• working conditions