Biogeochemical Cycles Review

Matter can recycle through the biosphere because

• matter does not change into new compounds.
• matter is assembled into chemical compounds.
• biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.
• biological systems use only carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

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The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called

• the water cycle.
• the condensation cycle.
• precipitation.
• evaporation.

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What is happening to water at D in Figure 3–3?

• Water is falling to the ground as precipitation.

• Water is evaporating from the ocean.

• Water is being taken up by plants through transpiration.

• Water is seeping into the ground to become groundwater.

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Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by

• humans.
• plants.
• bacteria.
• consumers.

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Animals get the most of the nitrogen they need

• by consuming plants or other animals.
• by breathing in atmospheric nitrogen.
• directly from bacteria in the soil.
• from the process of denitrification.

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The most abundant gas within the atmosphere is

• carbon.

• hydrogen.

• oxygen.

• nitrogen.

More carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released in the atmosphere today than in the past because of

• the level of nitrogen in the air.

• the burning of fossil fuels.

• the breakdown of ammonia into nitrites.

• chemical erosion.

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_______ is the process that turns water vapor into liquid, which causes the formation of a cloud.

• Condensation

• Evaporation

• Percolation

• Transpiration

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__________ bacteria in the soil can break down the ammonia into the gaseous form of nitrogen, which is not available for use by plants and animals.

• Nitrogen-fixing

• Protein-making

• Denitrificating

• Eroding

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What is the name of the process that plants and animals undergo to release carbon?

• photosynthesis

• cellular respiration

• transpiration

• eutrophication

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