Chapter 9 - Earthquakes and Volcanoes review

Vibrations  caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a break or a crack in Earth’s crust

• Earthquake

• Focus

• Epicenter

The location on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s force

• Earthquake

• Focus

• Epicenter

A location inside Earth where seismic waves originate and rocks first move along a fault and from which seismic waves originate.

• Earthquake

• Focus

• Epicenter

A type of seismic wave that causes particles to move at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels

• Primary Wave

• Secondary Wave

• Surface Wave

A type of seismic wave which causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring

• Primary Wave

• Secondary Wave

• Surface Wave

A type of seismic wave that causes particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling motion

• Primary Wave

• Secondary Wave

• Surface Wave

A small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich, basaltic lava

• Cinder Cone

• Shield Volcano

• Composite Volcano

A large, steep-sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolitic lavas along convergent plate boundaries

• Cinder Cone

• Shield Volcano

• Composite Volcano

A large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lavas, common along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hotspots

• Cinder Cone

• Shield Volcano

• Composite Volcano

A graphical illustration of seismic waves

• Seismologist

• Seismometer

• Seismogram