G12 BIOLOGY REVISION

A chemical reaction in which small molecules are built into larger ones.

• metabolic

• catabolic

• anabolic

• cathartic

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The transfer of phosphate from a substrate molecule directly to ADP to produce ATP, using energy provided by another chemical reaction.

• respiration

• substrate-linked reaction

• chemiosmosis

• photosynthesis

The synthesis of ATP using energy released by moving hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient across a membrane in a mitochondrion or chloroplast.

• respiration

• substrate-linked reaction

• chemiosmosis

• photosynthesis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A cycle of aerobic respiration reactions in the mitochondrion matrix in which hydrogen passes to hydrogen carriers for subsequent ATP synthesis.

• Calvin cycle

• Krebs cycle

• water cycle

• nitrogen cycle

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Reorder the following stages of glycolysis.

• lysis

• ATP Formation

• oxidation

• phosphorylation

Reorder the following stages of the link reaction.

• Pyruvate is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix by carrier proteins on the mitochondrial membrane

• The pyruvate loses a carbon atom (decarboxylation), which forms a carbon dioxide molecule

• The acetyl compound then combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)

• The 2C compound then forms an acetyl group when it loses hydrogen atoms via oxidation (NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH + H⁺)

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Reorder the following stages of the Krebs cycle.

• Two carbon atoms are released via decarboxylation to form two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂)

• Multiple oxidation reactions result in the reduction of hydrogen carriers (3 × NADH + H⁺ ; 1 × FADH₂)

• acetyl CoA transfers its acetyl group to a 4C compound (oxaloacetate) to make a 6C compound (citrate)

• One molecule of ATP is produced directly via substrate level phosphorylation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Reorder the following stages of oxidative phosphorylation.

• generating a proton motive force

• reduction of oxygen

• ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Match the following ATP made with the stages of respiration.

• Link Reaction

• 2

• Krebs cycle

• 0

• Glycolysis

• 28

• Oxidative phosphorylation

• 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Match the following parts of the mitochondria with their function.

• matrix

• a part of the inner membrane that contains many folds that increase SA: vol ratio

• cristae

• contains the electron transport chain and ATP synthase

• outer membrane

• small space between membranes that maximises hydrogen gradient

• inter membrane space

• contains transport proteins that enable the shuffling of pyruvate from the cytosol

• inner membrane

• site of Krebs cycle