GP 5.1 Definitions of Peace

When can Negative Peace be most useful?

• The initial stage in conflict resolution to stop immediate violence.

• The final stage of long lasting sustained peace.

• To subside racial and ethnic tensions.

What would be an example of Negative Peace?

• Tensions and violent clashes

• A just and equal society

• Ceasefires and truces

• Constitutional Reforms

Which is more sustainable?

• Positive Peace

• Negative Peace

What is a key step of Positive Peace measures?

• Giving all parties an equal stake in society with a political voice.

• Conflict resolution that stops immediate violence.

• The feeling that exists when people or states do not trust each other.

Peace is the absence of _ .

(a)  

Norwegian peace theorist, Johan Galtung suggest there are four key components that influence the presence or absence of peace. Which is NOT one of them?

• Equity

• Capital

• Harmony

• Violence

• Trauma

What would be a Realist View of Negative Peace?

• The more natural state in an anarchical world order. States exist to protect and advance their own national interests. Their priority is national security over peace for its own sake.

• An unrealistic aim. It is natural for states to compete with each other. Equal status among nation states is both impossible and undesirable.

• A desirable and realistic first objective, perhaps to be achieved through diplomacy, negotiation and with the assistance of IGOs. A mean to an end, rather than an end in itself.

• The desired final state in all conflict situations, seen as realistic and achievable. Both sides will be willing to make big concessions on core interests and seek to reconcile and forgive.

What would be a Realist View of Positive Peace?

• The more natural state in an anarchical world order. States exist to protect and advance their own national interests. Their priority is national security over peace for its own sake.

• An unrealistic aim. It is natural for states to compete with each other. Equal status among nation states is both impossible and undesirable.

• A desirable and realistic first objective, perhaps to be achieved through diplomacy, negotiation and with the assistance of IGOs. A mean to an end, rather than an end in itself.

• The desired final state in all conflict situations, seen as realistic and achievable. Both sides will be willing to make big concessions on core interests and seek to reconcile and forgive.

What would be a Liberal View of Positive Peace?

• The more natural state in an anarchical world order. States exist to protect and advance their own national interests. Their priority is national security over peace for its own sake.

• An unrealistic aim. It is natural for states to compete with each other. Equal status among nation states is both impossible and undesirable.

• A desirable and realistic first objective, perhaps to be achieved through diplomacy, negotiation and with the assistance of IGOs. A mean to an end, rather than an end in itself.

• The desired final state in all conflict situations, seen as realistic and achievable. Both sides will be willing to make big concessions on core interests and seek to reconcile and forgive.

What would be a Liberal View of Negative Peace?

• The more natural state in an anarchical world order. States exist to protect and advance their own national interests. Their priority is national security over peace for its own sake.

• An unrealistic aim. It is natural for states to compete with each other. Equal status among nation states is both impossible and undesirable.

• A desirable and realistic first objective, perhaps to be achieved through diplomacy, negotiation and with the assistance of IGOs. A mean to an end, rather than an end in itself.

• The desired final state in all conflict situations, seen as realistic and achievable. Both sides will be willing to make big concessions on core interests and seek to reconcile and forgive.