Work Psych 15-17

What caused the 2008 financial crisis (according to OPs who will take any excuse for a paycheque)?

• Culture of giving bonuses without adequate performance assessment

• Straight up fraud

• Institutional corruption on levels difficult to actually comprehend

• Billionaires prostituting the housing market at the expense of the middle and lower classes

Answer explanation

The 2008 financial crisis is a great illustration of why studying how we assess and reward work performance is such an important exercise in work psychology

Performance assessment is a tool used to...

• Evaluate employee performance

• Provide feedback about how individuals are performing relative to expectations

• Provide managers with info for future rewards or promotions

• Predict future job performance in a job candidate

Who identified 8 general factors of job performance?

• Campbell

• Bartram

• Hackman & Oldham

• Vroom

Answer explanation

Campbell's 8:

1. Job-specific ‘core’ task proficiency *

2. Non-job specific proficiency 3. Written and oral communication

4. Demonstrating effort *

5. Maintaining discipline *

6. Facilitating peer/team performance

7. Leadership

8. Management/admin

Bartram's 8:

1. Enterprising & performing

2. Interacting & presenting

3. Analysing & reporting

4. Creating & conceptualising

5. Adapting & coping

6. Supporting & cooperating

7. Leading & deciding

8. Organising & executing

What are the two fundamental questions regarding Work Performance?

• What do we mean by performance at work?

• How do we measure performance at work?

• Who should observe performance at work?

• Why do we care about performance at work?

Answer explanation

What do we mean by performance at work?

E.g. Campbell and Bartram identified 8 factors that make up job performance

How do we measure performance at work?

E.g. BARS and BOS

What are the main differences between Campbell and Bartram's 8 factors of job performance?

• Bartram does not identify factors associated with core task performance, effort or motivation

• Campbell does not identify creativity and cognitive ability

• Bartram does not identify leadership as a factor

• Campbell does not identify cooperation and teamwork as factors

Answer explanation

Campbell's 8:

1. Job-specific ‘core’ task proficiency *

2. Non-job specific proficiency

3. Written and oral communication

4. Demonstrating effort *

5. Maintaining discipline *

6. Facilitating peer/team performance

7. Leadership

8. Management/admin

Bartram's 8:

1. Enterprising & performing

2. Interacting & presenting

3. Analysing & reporting

4. Creating & conceptualising

5. Adapting & coping

6. Supporting & cooperating

7. Leading & deciding

8. Organising & executing

Note: Analysing is considered a 'cognitive ability'

What does Campbell consider the three CORE factors of job performance?

• Job specific 'core’ task proficiency

• Demonstrating effort

• Maintaining discipline

• Non-job specific proficiency

• Supervision/leadership

Answer explanation

Campbell's 8:

1. Job-specific ‘core’ task proficiency

2. Non-job specific proficiency 3. Written and oral communication

4. Demonstrating effort

5. Maintaining discipline

6. Facilitating peer/team performance

7. Supervision/leadership

8. Management/admin

Which of the following are found in Campbell's 8 job performance factors?

• Facilitating peer and team performance

• Management and administration

• Written and oral communication

• Supervision and Leadership

• Creating and conceptualising

Answer explanation

Campbell's 8:

1. Job-specific ‘core’ task proficiency

2. Non-job specific proficiency

3. Written and oral communication

4. Demonstrating effort

5. Maintaining discipline

6. Facilitating peer/team performance

7. Supervision/leadership

8. Management/admin

Note: Campbell did not consider Creativity to be a factor, while Bertram did

Which of the following are found in Campbell's 8 job performance factors?

• Job-specific ‘core’ task proficiency

• Non-job specific proficiency

• Demonstrating effort

• Maintaining Discipline

• Analysing and reporting

Answer explanation

Campbell's 8:

1. Job-specific ‘core’ task proficiency

2. Non-job specific proficiency

3. Written and oral communication

4. Demonstrating effort

5. Maintaining discipline

6. Facilitating peer/team performance

7. Supervision/leadership

8. Management/admin

Note: Campbell did not consider Analysing (a cognitive ability) to be a factor, while Bertram did

How did Viswesvaran disagree with Campbell and Bartram on Work Performance?

• He suggested a single underlying factor of job performance

• He said job performance is better understood using the metaphor of intelligence rather than personality

• He suggested job performance is impossible to define due to differences between job types

• He said there are 8 factors for job performance but only 3 are found in every job

Answer explanation

Viswesvaran's 1:

He found evidence of 25 conceptually different categories of performance BUT statistical analysis of their data shows a single underlying factor of job performance

Thus job performance is better understood using the metaphor of intelligence (underlying factor ‘g’) rather than personality (underlying Big Five)

Which of the following job performance factors were identified by Bartram?

• Enterprising & performing

• Interacting & presenting

• Analysing & reporting

• Creating & conceptualising

• Effort & Motivation

Answer explanation

Bartram's 8:

1. Enterprising & performing

2. Interacting & presenting

3. Analysing & reporting

4. Creating & conceptualising

5. Adapting & coping

6. Supporting & cooperating

7. Leading & deciding

8. Organising & executing

Note: Bartram did not consider Effort or Motivation to be factors, while Campbell did