What does ESP stand for in language teaching?

• Extra Sensory Perception

• English for Specific Purposes

• Essential Speaking Practices

• Educational System Philosophy

According to Hutchinson & Waters (1987), what does the 'needs-based philosophy' of language teaching emphasize?

• General language learning

• Specialized courses

• Classroom management

• Linguistic theories

What is the main purpose of Needs Analysis in language education?

• To assess teacher performance

• To shape the ideal student profile

• To analyze literature

• To evaluate syllabi effectiveness

Situational analysis aims to understand how various factors impact:

• Learner motivation

• Teaching methodologies

• Curriculum planning and execution

• Classroom discipline

What are the types of needs identified in the course design process?

• Current, past, and future needs

• Perceived, present, and potential needs

• Linguistic, mathematical, and scientific needs

• Academic, athletic, and artistic needs

What are some factors that promote or hinder the implementation of change in language education?

• Social, political, and economic factors

• Linguistic, cultural, and historical factors

• Institutional, individual, and technological factors

• Educational, environmental, and psychological factors

In the context of Societal Factors, what does the political system influence in language teaching?

• Teaching methods

• Societal values

• Learner motivation

• Classroom facilities

What does Project Factors consider in curriculum implementation?

• Constraints of time, resources, and personnel

• Political ideologies

• Societal values

• Learners' expectations

Institutional factors refer to:

• Individual teacher characteristics

• The culture within an institution

• Constraints of time and resources

• Political influences on education

What do Teacher Factors encompass in language education?

• Learner characteristics

• Constraints of time and resources

• Teacher background, beliefs, and proficiency

• Societal values