What do 'downstream' and 'upstream' mean in biology?

Something that happens later or earlier

The transfer of genetic material between organisms

The movement of electrons in a chemical reaction

The process of water flowing in a river

What do ligands have to be to be able to bind to intracellular receptors?

Small and hydrophobic (and nonpolar)

Large and hydrophobic (and nonpolar)

Small and hydrophilic (and polar)

Large and hydrophilic (and polar)

What are the three main parts of cell signaling?

Reception, transduction, and response

Reception, translation, reaction

Activation, transmission, feedback

What are the two main things that a response does in terms of cell communication?

Transcribe/translate a gene to make proteins and change the activity of a protein

DNA replication and protein synthesis

Osmosis and diffusion in animal and human blood streams

What does a ligand do?

Binds to a receptor, which spreads a signal to a cell

What does a receptor do?

Helps amplify the signal from a ligand to the rest of the cell

Which are examples of secondary messengers?

cAMP, protein kinases, Ca2+ ions

oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide

What makes cancerous cells form from healthy cells?

Genetic mutations or changes in the DNA and checkpoints being un-activated

Lack of exercise and eating excess amounts of sugar for a long time

In the G1 checkpoint, it activates a CDK inhibitor when necessary to stop damaged cells

Have no effect on the cell cycle

Regulate the immune system and provides it with insulin to make it better

Promote the growth of abnormal cells and gives them special medicine to get better

Is activated by cell growth signals and spreads such signals to the rest of the cell

What normally happens when your blood sugar gets to high?

The body releases insulin from the pancreas which triggers the liver to absorb glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen (in addition to body cells also taking some glucose)

The body releases adrenaline to bring it back down to a normal level which is done by sodium being released into the blood

The body releases glucagon to bring it back down to a normal level which triggers the liver to absorb glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen (in addition to body cells also taking some glucose)

The body releases growth hormone to bring it back down to a normal level.

What normally happens when your blood sugar gets too low?

The body releases glucagon from the pancreas, which triggers the liver to break down some of its glycogen and release into the blood in the form of glucose

The body releases insulin from the stomach which triggers the liver to break down some of its glycogen and release into the blood in the form of glucos

What is a negative feedback loop?

A process in which the body senses a change, which puts you out of homeostasis, and activates mechanisms to reverse that change.

A process in which the body senses a change, which puts you out of homeostasis, and activates mechanisms to accelerate that change.

A process in which the body ignores a change, which puts you out of homeostasis, and does not activate any mechanisms.

A process in which the body senses a change, which puts you out of homeostasis, and activates mechanisms to maintain that change.

What are positive feedback loops?

Processes in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system, and on your homeostasis, are amplified, leading to an increase in the original disturbance.

Processes in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system, and on your homeostasis, remain unchanged, leading to no change in the original disturbance.

Processes in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system, and on your homeostasis, are reduced, leading to a decrease in the original disturbance.

Processes in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system, and on your homeostasis, are reversed, leading to an opposite effect of the original disturbance.

What is an example of a negative feedback loop?

You getting cold and then shivering

You getting hot and then shivering

You eat food and it raises your glucose levels

What are the main parts of interphase?

G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase and G0

Start phase, Middle phase, and End phase

Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 and Phase 4a

A phase, B phase, and C phase and D phase

What happens during the G1 phase of interphase?

The cell grows and carries out normal functions and duplicates its organelles.

The cell divides into two daughter cells

The cell enters a state of dormancy

The cell replicates its DNA and falls asleep for 800 hours.

What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?

Preparation for mitosis, protein and enzyme synthesis occur and a lot of ATP is made

Cell division and cells become hungry and have to replenish there energy

DNA replication and a lot of NADPH is made in preparation for photosynthesis

What are the two main reasons for mitosis?

To produce gametes and hormones

To generate genetic diversity and mutations

What happens during the G0 "phase" of interphase?

Cells are replicating their DNA

Complex of DNA and proteins that is found in the nucleus and that isn't condensed

A type of fruit found in tropical regions that contains poisonous seeds

What are Chromosomes?

They are the condensed form of DNA (in humans mostly)

Tiny organisms found in the bloodstream

A type of rock formation that is only found in Australia

The individual strands of the chromosome pairs that humans have in their body

Ribosomes that helps synthesis protein production in the feet

Mitochondria that are found in the liver and that help regulate blood sugar levels.

What is a Centromere?

The place where two sister chromatids are connected to form one chromosome

A small molecule found in the nucleus of a cell that helps cells absorb sugar from the blood

A type of protein found in the mitochondria

What are spindle fibers?

Protein structures that form during cell division and help to separate the chromosomes (and are made of microtubule polymers and attached to centrioles)

Long, thin structures found in the nucleus of a cell

Gel-like substance that fills the cell and that helps organelles to not move and to get their food better

Protein structures that help in photosynthesis to regulate sunlight and energy

What happens during Prophase?

Spindles start to form, Chromosomes form from chromatid, nucleolus disappears, and nuclear membrane disappears

Spindles dissolve, chromosomes are destroyed, and two daughter cells are formed

Nuclear envelope disappears, nucleolus is formed, chromatid starts to break down

What are the four phases of mitosis called?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Prephase, Postphase, Midphase, Lastphase

Startphase, Middlephase, Endphase, Finalphase

Initialphase, Intermediatephase, Finalphase, Concludingphase

What is the main thing achieved by mitosis?

Production of two identical daughter cells

Production of four identical daughter cells

Production of haploid daughter cells

Production of genetically different daughter cells

What happens during Metaphase?

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell via the spindles

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

The cell divides into two daughter cells

The nuclear envelope breaks down

What happens during Anaphase?

The sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

The cell enters a period of growth and preparation for division

The nuclear envelope breaks down

The cell prepares for division by replicating its DNA

What happens during Cytokinesis?

The cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is pinches and divides to form two daughter cells.

The cell enters a state of dormancy

The cell undergoes a process of DNA replication

The cell divides into two separate cells with identical genetic material

Where are each of the three regulators located in the cell cycle?

(End of) G1 phase, G2 phase, and M phase

(Middle of) S phase, T phase, and N phase

(Beginning of) Interphase, Prophase, and Anaphase

(Middle of) Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3

What does the G1 checkpoint check for?

Cell size, Nutrients, DNA damage, Growth factors

Chromosome number and cell shape

Cell size and nutrient availability

What does the G2 checkpoint check for?

DNA damage and accurate DNA replication

Cell size and nutrient availability

Protein synthesis and cell division

ATP production and cell metabolism

What does the M checkpoint check for?

Chromosome attachment to spindles during metaphase

What are CDKS? What do they do? How do they work?

Enzymes that depend on cyclin to work and they activate other proteins to amplify a signal by adding a phosphate group

Carbohydrates and they depend on kinase to work and they regulate glucose levels

Carbohydrates that rely on water to functions and they use the H+ in water to convert NADP+ to NADPH

Nucleic Acids that rely on Nitrogen to work and that use Nitrogen to turn ADP to ATP

What are positive and negative cues in biology?

Things in biology that either help molecules move through the cell cycle or stop them from doing so

Signals that have no effect on biological processes

Stimuli that only affect non-living organisms

Cues that are only relevant in chemistry

A gene that has no effect on cancer

What is another word for phosphorylation?

Hydrolysis (carbohydrates do this)

What are some examples of positive cues?

Photosynthesis and mitochondria

AP Bio - Unit 4

Authored by ELYANA NAJARIAN-GARB

Science

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 6+ times

AI Actions

Add similar questions

Adjust reading levels

Convert to real-world scenario

Translate activity

More...

Content View

Student View

53 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is type of cell signaling is autocrine?

Cell signals the feet and makes it move

Cell signals the stomach

Cell signals the moon

Cell signals itself

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What type of cell signaling is Juxtacrine?

Cells signaling touching cells

Cells signaling themselves

Cells signaling far away cells

Cells signaling broccoli

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What type of cell signaling is Paracrine?

Cells signaling nearby cells

Cells signaling far away organelles

Cells signaling touching cells

Cells signaling far away cells

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What type of cell signaling is Endocrine?

Cells signaling far away cells

Cells signaling nearby cells

Cells signaling themseves

Cells signaling cheese

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What are main two types of (ligand) receptors?

Intracellular and Cell-Surface

Outercellular and Cell Bottom

Innercellular and Cell-Surface

Outecellula and Cell-Top

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is a karotype?

A type of musical instrument that plays 6 octaves and is made out of ivory

A type of weather phenomenon

A karyotype is the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism

A type of geological formation around the world in one gigantic electronic map

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death

Cellular respiration

Cell division

Uncontrolled cell growth

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Create resources

Host any resource

Get auto-graded reports

Continue with Google

Continue with Email

Continue with Classlink

Continue with Clever

or continue with

Microsoft

Apple

Others

Already have an account?

Similar Resources on Wayground

55 questions

Atomic Structure; Atoms Vs. Ions

Quiz

•

10th - 12th Grade

50 questions

Taxonomy Review

Quiz

•

9th Grade

49 questions

Motion and Speed - Ch 2

Quiz

•

7th - 9th Grade

54 questions

Science - Reactivity Grade 9, Chemistry

Quiz

•

9th Grade

48 questions

Physical Science Quiz

Quiz

•

12th Grade

51 questions

esci pero wala yung mga cycle bahala kayo sa buhay niyo

Quiz

•

11th Grade

50 questions

2nd Semester Physical Science FINAL

Quiz

•

9th - 12th Grade

55 questions

Molar Mass - Mass to Grams to Atoms

Quiz

•

8th - 9th Grade

Popular Resources on Wayground

7 questions

History of Valentine's Day

Interactive video

•

4th Grade

15 questions

Fractions on a Number Line

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

20 questions

Equivalent Fractions

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

25 questions

Multiplication Facts

Quiz

•

5th Grade

$fractions$

22 questions

fractions

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

15 questions

Valentine's Day Trivia

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

20 questions

Main Idea and Details

Quiz

•

5th Grade

20 questions

Context Clues

Quiz

•

6th Grade

Discover more resources for Science

25 questions

Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Quiz

•

9th Grade

20 questions

Mendelian Genetics Review

Quiz

•

9th Grade

10 questions

Exploring Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Processes

Interactive video

•

6th - 10th Grade

10 questions

Exploring Mendelian Genetics and Punnett Squares

Interactive video

•

6th - 10th Grade

10 questions

Exploring Light and Waves Concepts

Interactive video

•

6th - 10th Grade

20 questions

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Quiz

•

9th Grade

35 questions

DNA Structure and Replication

Quiz

•

10th Grade

89 questions

Unit 1 (Ch 2 & 3) Test Review - Water/Ocean Currents

Quiz

•

9th - 12th Grade

AP Bio - Unit 4

What is type of cell signaling is autocrine?

What type of cell signaling is Juxtacrine?

What type of cell signaling is Paracrine?

What type of cell signaling is Endocrine?

What are main two types of (ligand) receptors?

What is a karotype?

What is apoptosis?

What do 'downstream' and 'upstream' mean in biology?

What do ligands have to be to be able to bind to intracellular receptors?

What do ligands have to be to be able to bind with cell-surface receptors?

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science