45. The Crusades

Who initiated the Crusades by calling for "holy war" in 1095?

• Saladin

• Pope Urban II

• The Byzantine Empire

• The European Christian Crusaders

What was the main motivation behind the European Christian Crusaders to participate in the Crusades?

• To gain wealth and land

• To seek adventure and glory

• To spread Christianity

• To secure the holy lands from Muslim control

Which city became the primary goal for the First Crusade launched in 1096?

• Constantinople

• Jerusalem

• Antioch

• Alexandria

European Christian Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099.

• True

• False

How many Crusades were there from 1096 to 1291?

• Three

• Four

• Five

• Six

Who retook Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187 just before the Third Crusade?

• Pope Urban II

• The Byzantine Empire

• Muslims led by Saladin

• The European Christian Crusaders

In 1192, what did the Muslims do after agreeing to a truce?

• They attacked Constantinople.

• They allowed Christians to access Jerusalem's holy sites.

• They launched another Crusade.

• They expelled all Christians from Jerusalem.

What was one of the results of the Crusades?

• The power of the church and feudalism increased.

• Constantinople became stronger and more fortified.

• The power of the church and feudalism declined.

• The relationship between Christians and Muslims improved significantly.

Which empire was weakened after rogue Crusaders attacked its capital during the Fourth Crusade?

• Roman Empire

• Byzantine Empire

• Persian Empire

• Islamic Empire

What was an unexpected outcome of the Crusades despite the conflict?

• Trade between Europe and Arab cultures in Asia decreased.

• Exchanges of goods and ideas between Europe and Arab cultures in Asia increased.

• The Byzantine Empire became the most powerful entity in Europe.

• The Crusades had no significant impact on cultural exchanges.