Molecular Biology Review

1. 1. What is the essential element common to all biological molecules?

• Carbon

• Potassium

• Iron

• Nitrogen

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2. 2. What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

• to transfer amino acids to the ribosomes

• to help form the peptide bonds between amino acids

• to determine the sequence of amino acids in the protein

• to carry the code for the amino acid sequence to the ribosomes

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What substances act as a catalysts for metabolism?

4. 4. What will most likely happen if the level of carbon dioxide available to a plant is reduced?

• The plant will take in more water.

• The plant will take in less nitrogen.

• The plant will produce more oxygen.

• The plant will produce less glucose.

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5. 5. What substance provides energy to the cell to carry out active transport?

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6. 6. What molecules store information related to the function of a cell in the form of a coded message?

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7. 7. What double-stranded molecule stores genetic information in cells?

8. 8. These graphs show the effects of temperature and pH on a certain enzyme found in the human digestive system. Which can best be concluded from the graphs?

• The enzyme is most effective at 30⁰ C and a pH of 5.

• The enzyme is most effective at 40⁰C and a pH of 8.

• The enzyme is most effective at 40⁰C and a pH of 4.

• The enzyme is most effective at 60⁰C and a pH of 11.

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9. 9. What effect would the absence of oxygen have on the processes that occur in the mitochondria?

• The mitochondria would begin making oxygen.

• The mitochondria would begin making glucose.

• The mitochondria would produce limited ATP.

• The mitochondria would prevent enzyme production.

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10. 10. What is required for paramecia to maintain homeostasis?

• radiation from the sun

• release of energy by ATP

• a thick cell wall

• an environment without water

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