Hypersensitivity Reactions

What are the types of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer explanation

The types of hypersensitivity reactions are Type I (immediate), Type II (cytotoxic), Type III (immune complex-mediated), and Type IV (delayed).

Describe the mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions.

Answer explanation

Hypersensitivity reactions involve immune responses to harmless substances, leading to tissue damage. There are four types: Type I (immediate), Type II (antibody-mediated), Type III (immune complex-mediated), and Type IV (delayed).

Explain the diseases associated with hypersensitivity reactions.

Answer explanation

Hypersensitivity reactions can lead to diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, and allergic dermatitis.

What are the diagnostic methods and treatments of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer explanation

Diagnostic methods for hypersensitivity reactions include skin tests, blood tests, and elimination diets. Treatments may involve avoiding triggers, medications like antihistamines or corticosteroids, and in severe cases, epinephrine injections.

Differentiate Anaphylaxis from Anaphylactoid Reaction.

Answer explanation

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction involving IgE antibodies, while anaphylactoid reaction is similar but does not involve IgE antibodies.

What is the first step for treating anaphylactic shock?

Answer explanation

The first step for treating anaphylactic shock is to administer epinephrine (adrenaline) immediately.

What is Atopy?

Answer explanation

Atopy is a genetic predisposition to develop allergic reactions such as asthma, eczema, or hay fever.

What are the allergens involved in hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer explanation

Common allergens involved in hypersensitivity reactions include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods (e.g., nuts, shellfish), insect venom, and medications (e.g., penicillin).

What are the symptoms of allergic asthma?

Answer explanation

Common symptoms of allergic asthma include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. These symptoms are triggered by exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.

What are the symptoms of anaphylaxis?

Answer explanation

Common symptoms of anaphylaxis include hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, and low blood pressure.