Exam 2 Review

Which stage of sleep is most associated with vivid dreams?

• Stage 1

• Stage 3

• REM sleep

• Stage 2

The body's internal clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle is called:

• Sleep inertia

• REM cycle

• Circadian rhythm

• Sleep architecture

Which of the following best describes the purpose of REM sleep?

• It is when the body undergoes physical repair.

• It allows for vivid dreams and memory consolidation.

• It is the deepest stage of sleep.

• It is when sleepwalking occurs.

A person's ability to detect the fine details in objects at a distance is an example of:

• Feature detection

• Shape constancy

• Depth perception

• Perceptual set

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is:

• A stimulus that elicits an automatic response.

• A previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

• A stimulus that naturally triggers a response.

• The behavior that results from reinforcement.

A person develops a fear of the dentist after repeatedly experiencing pain during dental procedures. The dentist’s office would be considered the:

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned response

• Conditioned stimulus

• Conditioned response

Which of the following is an example of higher-order conditioning?

• A dog salivates when hearing a bell after the bell is paired with food.

• A dog begins to salivate at the sound of a cabinet opening, after associating the cabinet with the sound of a can opener.

• A dog stops salivating after repeated exposure to the bell without food.

• A dog salivates immediately after tasting food.

Which reinforcement schedule involves providing reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses?

• Fixed ratio

• Variable ratio

• Fixed interval

• Variable interval

A teacher gives a student a sticker for every three completed homework assignments. This is an example of:

• Fixed ratio reinforcement

• Variable interval reinforcement

• Fixed interval reinforcement

• Variable ratio reinforcement

In operant conditioning, which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?

• Taking away an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior

• Providing an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior

• Taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior

• Providing a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior