Perception & Communication

What is a contrast error in perception?

• Judging someone based on a stereotype

• Comparing someone’s performance to others rather than evaluating it independently

• Focusing only on one positive trait of an individual

• Overestimating the influence of external factors on someone’s behavior

What is the ‘Halo Effect’?

• Appraising someone positively in one aspect based on a positive impression in another aspect

• Appraising someone negatively based on a negative first impression

• Predicting someone’s behavior based on expectations

What does the ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ refer to?

• Creating mental images based on prior experiences

• A prediction that comes true because it is expected to happen

• Allocating someone to a stereotype

• Judging someone based on a single characteristic

Which of the following best describes projection in perception?

• Evaluating someone based on their first impression

• Accurately perceiving external reality without bias

• Judging someone’s potential based on their past performance

• Attributing one’s own feelings or thoughts to others

Is stereotyping always negative?

• Stereotyping is always negative

• Stereotyping can be both positive and negative

When you make a negative snap judgement about someone on the basis of one negative trait, it is called...

• Stereotyping

• The halo effect

• The horn effect

• The harmful effect

Why do people stereotype?

• To simplify and process information quickly

• To understand individuals on a deeper level

• To promote positive associations between groups

• To eliminate prejudice in society

What could be considered a barrier to effective communication?

• Misinterpreting non-verbal cues

• Different cultural norms

• Not actively listening

• All of the above

How can cultural differences impact communication?

• They simplify the process by creating universal understanding

• They introduce misunderstandings due to varied norms and expectations

• They prevent the need for active listening

• They reduce language problems in communication

Put the four stages of the communication process in the correct order:

• Transmission → Coding → Decoding → Feedback

• Coding → Transmission → Decoding → Feedback

• Feedback → Decoding → Transmission → Coding

• Coding → Decoding → Transmission → Feedback