Understanding Energy Transfer in Earth Science

Which of the following best explains the process of conduction?

• Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.

• Transfer of energy through direct contact between molecules.

• Transfer of energy through fluid movement.

• Transfer of energy through sound waves.

What is a convection current?

• A current that flows in a solid due to temperature differences.

• A current that flows in a fluid due to temperature differences.

• A current that flows in a vacuum due to pressure differences.

• A current that flows in a gas due to magnetic differences.

Which of the following is an example of radiation?

• Heat from a stove warming a pot.

• Sunlight warming the Earth's surface.

• Heat from a hot liquid warming a spoon.

• Heat from a radiator warming the air.

Which factor does NOT affect the absorption of radiation?

• Color of the surface.

• Texture of the surface.

• Temperature of the surface.

• Shape of the surface.

What is the primary cause of the greenhouse effect?

• Increase in ozone concentration.

• Increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

• Decrease in atmospheric pressure.

• Increase in solar radiation.

Why is the ozone layer important for life on Earth?

• It provides oxygen for breathing.

• It reflects harmful ultraviolet radiation.

• It traps heat to warm the Earth.

• It absorbs carbon dioxide.

Calculate the rate of change if the temperature increases from 20°C to 30°C over 5 hours.

Which of the following surfaces would absorb the most radiation?

• A shiny, white surface.

• A rough, black surface.

• A smooth, silver surface.

• A transparent, glass surface.

Which process is responsible for the transfer of heat from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• Reflection

What type of radiation is primarily responsible for heating the Earth's surface?

• Ultraviolet radiation

• Infrared radiation

• Gamma radiation

• X-ray radiation