IB Bio Natural Selection

1. Artificial selection has been a big factor in the evolution of:

• Dogs

• Panda bears

• Snakes

• Jellyfish

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In 1977, Daphne Major experienced a severe drought. The figure shows the beak depths of the initial population of medium ground finches before the drought (red bars), and of the drought survivors (black bars). What do the data show? Select all that apply.

• The most common beak depth of the initial population (red bars) was 8.8 mm. A very small proportion of individuals with this beak depth survived the drought.

• More than half of the initial finch population died during the drought.

• The most common beak depth of the surviving population (black bars) was 10.3 mm. Less than a quarter of individuals with this beak depth from the initial population survived the drought.

• Finches with larger beaks had a survival advantage in the 1977 drought.

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The top figure shows the beak depths of the 1976 finch population (red bars) before the drought, and the population after the drought (black bars). The lower figure shows the beak depths of the offspring of the drought survivors in 1978. What do these figures tell us?

• The average beak depth of the 1978 offspring population is larger than that of the original 1976 population.

• The finches that survived the drought (black bars in first graph) had offspring (red bars in second graph) with on average much larger beaks than their parents.

• The offspring (red bars in second graph) had a smaller range of beak depths - from smallest to largest - than their parents (black bars).

• The size of the offspring population in 1978 is much larger than the initial 1976 population, before the drought.

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Mutations are caused by selective pressure in the environment.

• True

• False

The same mutation could be advantageous in some environments but deleterious in others.

• True

• False

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The appearance of dark-colored volcanic rock caused the mutation for black fur to appear in the rock pocket mouse population.

• True

• False

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The Rock Pocket mice move to the environment that matches their fur.

• True

• False

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Dark mice are more likely to survive in the dark rocks because the predators cannot see them as easily.

• True

• False

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A  population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide.  Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray.  What can BEST be inferred from this example?

• species will adapt no matter what the environment
• environment has no effect on the survival of an organism
• Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce
• Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation

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Why did dark moths have a survival advantage when they were near factories?

• They could hide in the birds shadow.

• They could push the white moths into the flames.

• They did not have a survival advantage.

• They blended in with the dark tree trunks.

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