In 1953, a man known as Patient H.M. had brain surgery. Large parts of his temporal lobes were removed, including most of the hippocampus. What was the main reason for Patient H.M.'s brain surgery?

• To improve memory

• To control epileptic seizures

• To increase intelligence

• To cure a brain infection

Patient H.M. had a surgery to remove most of his temporal lobe to improve his epilepsy. What type of memory loss did he experience afterward?

• He could not remember his past

• He could not form new memories

• He lost his intelligence

• He could not speak

Label the part of the brain indicated in the diagram.

• Hippocampus

• Cerebellum

• Amygdala

• Thalamus

What part of Phineas Gage's brain was damaged in his accident?

• Occipital lobe

• Frontal lobe

• Temporal lobe

• Parietal lobe

Fill in the blank: The accident that injured Phineas Gage involved a ________ that exploded and sent a steel rod through his skull.

• gunpowder charge

• steam engine

• chemical reaction

• hydraulic press

What were some of the personality changes observed in Phineas Gage after his accident?

• He became rude, impatient, and unable to carry out plans.

• He became extremely shy and withdrawn from society.

• He developed a photographic memory and became more organized.

• He lost all ability to speak and understand language.

What do these images illustrate about Gage's accident?

• They illustrate that a steel rod passed through Gage's skull and damaged his frontal lobes.

• They illustrate that a steel rod passed through Gage's skull and made him completely blind.

• They illustrate that Gage broke his jaw.

• They show that Gage's accident involved a fall from a ladder.

Who was the French doctor that studied patients with difficulty producing speech in the 1800s?

• Paul Broca

• Carl Wernicke

• Sigmund Freud

• Ivan Pavlov

What is the name of the brain area associated with speech production that was discovered by Broca?

• Wernicke's area

• Broca's area

• Occipital lobe

• Temporal lobe

Damage to ​ ​ (a)   area results in ​ (b)   , a condition in which a person has difficulty producing speech.

• Wernicke’s aphasia

• Wernicke's
• Broca's Amnesia
• Broca's
• Broca's Aphasia
• Broca's Ataxia
• Wernicke's Ataxia