How did the Catholic Church become Western Europe's greatest landowner during the Middle Ages?

• Church officials bought property in times of famine and distress.

• The Church inherited property from the Roman emperors.

• Nobles seeking salvation often left some of their property to the Church.

• European rulers enjoyed sharing their power with the Church.

What phrase best completes the diagram?

• Holy Roman Emperor

• Catholic Church

• Byzantine Emperor

• King of the Franks

Which of these characteristics was shared by Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians alike?

• belief that the Pope is the head of the Church

• use of Latin as the language of prayer

• faith that Jesus acted to redeem humankind

• belief that a political leader should appoint the head of the Church

The examples in the list above identify —

• significant accomplishments of Ming China

• achievements of the Islamic world that affected Europe

• scientific and technological advances made by feudal Europe

• skills learned by the Mongols after conquering China

What role did Arab merchants play in spreading Islam to societies in Europe, Asia, and North Africa?

• Arab merchants acted as secret missionaries to win over non-believers.

• Arab merchants forcibly converted non-believers to Islam.

• Arab merchants brought news of their religion as they traded in different areas.

• Arab merchants often paid non-believers to convert to Islam.

The map above shows the route of the First Crusade. Which of the following best describes how the Crusades contributed to the end of medieval Europe?

• Europeans from different lands proved unable to cooperate.

• European rulers surrendered their authority to the Pope.

• Muslims in Spain attacked Europe from the west after the Crusaders marched to the east.

• Europeans leaving their homelands were introduced to new ideas and products.

What was the impact of the Crusades on Europe?

• European Christians and Jews learned to cooperate in pursuit of common goals.

• Europeans established permanent rule over much of the Middle East.

• The advance of Islam from Spain to France was halted.

• Europeans became exposed to new products and ideas from Asia.

Which two inventions were first introduced by Tang and Song China?

• the abacus and concrete

• the lateen sail and the telescope

• the sailboat and porcelain

• the compass and gunpowder

Which of the following identifies an impact of the Song Dynasty on East Asia?

• use of a magnetic compass to guide sailors at sea

• use of a telescope to discover distant planets

• use of windmills to grind wheat into flour

• use of concrete to construct arches and buildings

Which statement belongs in the middle section of this Venn diagram?

• Traders along the Silk Road and across the Sahara overcame geographic barriers.

• North Africa provided many converts to Islam

• Central Asian trade routes helped nomadic tribes invade China.

• Salt was carried along the Silk Road and across the Sahara