AP Chemistry - Chapter 16 Study Guide: Acid-Base Equilibrium

The Arrhenius definition of an acid is:

• A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution.

• A substance that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

• A substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

• A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution.

According to the Arrhenius definition, which of the following is an example of a base?

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

• Carbon dioxide (CO2)

In the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a Bronsted-Lowry acid is:

• a substance that donates a proton

• a substance that accepts a proton

• a substance that donates an electron

• a substance that accepts an electron

Fill in the blank: The H⁺ ion in water is called a ________ ion.

• hydron

• hydroxide

• hydride

• hydroxyl

True or False: An amphiprotic substance can behave either as an acid or as a base.

• True

• False

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

• A pair of substances that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton

• A pair of substances that transform into each other by gain or loss of an electron

• A pair of substances that transform into each other by gain or loss of a neutron

• A pair of substances that transform into each other by gain or loss of a positron

According to what we learned in class, what happens to the conjugate base as the strength of an acid increases?

• The conjugate base becomes stronger.

• The conjugate base becomes weaker.

• The conjugate base remains unchanged.

• The conjugate base becomes neutral.

At 25°C, if the [H₃O⁺] > [OH⁻], the solution is:

• Neutral

• Acidic

• Basic

Which of the following are the most common strong acids?

• Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid

• Acetic acid, Citric acid, Lactic acid

• Carbonic acid, Phosphoric acid, Boric acid

• Formic acid, Acetic acid, Propionic acid

Which of the following is a strong base?

• HCl

• NaOH

• H2SO4

• HNO3