Classical and Operant conditioning

Identify two behaviourist theories of teaching and learning from the options below.

• Constructivism and Humanism

• Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning

• Cognitivism and Social Learning

• Experiential Learning and Discovery Learning

Classical conditioning is:

• a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired

• a method of solving mathematical equations

• a type of physical exercise

• a form of government

Ivan Pavlov’s 1890 experiment can be summarised as:

• He studied the effect of punishment on human learning.

• He taught rats to run through a maze for a reward.

• He observed monkeys using tools to obtain food.

• He conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell by associating it with food.

What is the definition of Neutral Stimulus (NS) in classical conditioning?

• A sensory input (something that you might see or hear) that does not cause you to respond.

• A stimulus that always triggers a reflexive response.

• A reward given after a desired behavior.

• A punishment used to decrease a behavior.

In Pavlov's theory, what is the Neutral Stimulus (NS)?

• Dog

• Food

• Bell/Metronome

• Salivation

In a sporting example, what is the Neutral Stimulus (NS)?

• Starting gun

• Whistle blown after the race

• Athlete's running shoes

• Finish line banner

What is the definition of Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) in classical conditioning?

• A response that occurs after conditioning.

• A stimulus that requires learning to produce a response.

• Something that an individual automatically responds to.

• A behavior that is voluntarily performed.

In Pavlov's theory, what is the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?

• Food

• Bell

• Light

• Water

What is the definition of Unconditioned Response (UCR) in classical conditioning?

• An individual’s automatic response to the UCS.

• A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

• A stimulus that naturally triggers a response.

• A process of associating two stimuli together.

In Pavlov's theory, what is the Unconditioned Response (UCR)?

• Yawning

• Hunger

• Running

• Salivation