Quiz about Intro to Anatomy Exam 1

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Stability of the internal environment and the mechanisms that maintain the stability

Answer

The process of breaking down food

Answer

The process of cell division

Answer

The process of photosynthesis

Question 2

Fill in the blank: A ________ is maintained where the rate of loss balances out with the rate of gain.

Accepted Answer

dynamic equilibrium

Answer

static force

Answer

constant acceleration

Answer

steady increase

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a way organisms maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

C) Ignoring changes in the environment

Answer

A) Detecting and responding to stimuli

Answer

B) Maintaining dynamic equilibrium

Answer

D) Regulation at the organ system and cellular level

Question 4

What is the role of feedback mechanisms in organisms?

Accepted Answer

To help maintain homeostasis

Answer

To increase energy production

Answer

To decrease system response

Answer

To eliminate input signals

Question 5

Refer to the diagram showing the flow from Input to System to Output. Fill in the blank: These loops use the ______ of a system to signal a change in input so that a system response can be stabilized or amplified.

Accepted Answer

output

Answer

energy

Answer

boundary

Answer

structure

Question 6

Feedback mechanisms can be positive or negative.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 7

What is a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The output of a system intensifies the response

Answer

The output of a system reduces the response

Answer

The input of a system is ignored

Answer

The system does not respond to any input

Question 8

Fill in the blank: In human childbirth, the release of more hormones leads to more ________ and more pressure.

Accepted Answer

contractions

Answer

relaxation

Answer

swelling

Answer

bleeding

Question 9

Fill in the blank: In fruit ripening, the release of ethylene signals surrounding fruit to ________, causing neighboring fruit to release more ethylene.

Accepted Answer

ripen

Answer

wilt

Answer

freeze

Answer

shrink

Question 10

What is a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The output of a system causes a counter response to return to a set point

Answer

The output of a system amplifies the original stimulus

Answer

The input and output are unrelated

Answer

The system never returns to a set point

Question 11

What is the main purpose of a negative feedback mechanism in this system?

Accepted Answer

Stabilization (to return the system to a set point)

Answer

Amplification (to increase the deviation from the set point)

Answer

Randomization (to introduce unpredictability)

Answer

Acceleration (to speed up the process)

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Human body temperature (thermoregulation)

Answer

Water concentration (osmoregulation)

Answer

Blood sugar regulation

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The regulation of water concentration in the body is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

osmoregulation

Answer

thermoregulation

Answer

homeostasis

Answer

excretion

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The regulation of human body temperature is called __________.

Accepted Answer

thermoregulation

Answer

photosynthesis

Answer

respiration

Answer

digestion

Question 15

Fill in the blank: A ________ is a sensory organ that receives the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Receptor

Answer

Neuron

Answer

Effector

Answer

Hormone

Question 16

Fill in the blank: A ________ is an action that evokes a response.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus

Answer

Organism

Answer

Reflex

Answer

Impulse

Question 17

Fill in the blank: An ________ is an organ that does the response.

Accepted Answer

Effector

Answer

Neuron

Answer

Receptor

Answer

Hormone

Question 18

Fill in the blank: A ________ is the effect, caused by the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Response

Answer

Impulse

Answer

Receptor

Answer

Organ

Question 19

What is the role of catalysts in living systems?

Accepted Answer

They speed up reactions without being permanently altered

Answer

They slow down reactions

Answer

They are consumed in reactions

Answer

They stop reactions from occurring

Question 20

Most biological catalysts are proteins called _______.

Accepted Answer

enzymes

Answer

hormones

Answer

lipids

Answer

carbohydrates

Question 21

No catalyst makes a reaction occur that cannot otherwise occur.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 22

Every step in a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a specific _______.

Accepted Answer

enzyme

Answer

hormone

Answer

vitamin

Answer

substrate

Question 23

Fill in the blank: Cells can regulate metabolism by controlling the ______ of an enzyme.

Accepted Answer

amount

Answer

color

Answer

location

Answer

shape

Question 24

What is feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Output of a process is used as an input to control the behavior of the overall process itself, usually leading to inhibition of the process

Answer

The process of increasing enzyme activity

Answer

The breakdown of enzymes by heat

Answer

The binding of inhibitors to enzymes

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The ______ of an enzyme can also be regulated.

Accepted Answer

activity

Answer

color

Answer

weight

Answer

size

Question 26

Chemical inhibitors can bind to enzymes and slow reaction rates.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 27

Fill in the blank: ______ conditions play a role in enzyme function too. pH and temperature changes can lead to denaturation.

Accepted Answer

Environmental

Answer

Genetic

Answer

Mechanical

Answer

Electrical

Question 28

What does the cell membrane consist of to control what goes in and out?

Accepted Answer

B) A selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer

Answer

A) A solid wall

Answer

C) A permeable protein layer

Answer

D) A rigid cellulose layer

Question 29

Transport can be ________, requiring no extra energy as molecules move down the concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

passive

Answer

active

Answer

facilitated

Answer

bulk

Question 30

Transport that requires extra energy to move molecules against the gradient is called:

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 31

Role of Cellular Transport and Signaling in Homeostasis: True or False: Passive transport requires extra energy to move molecules down the concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 32

What is simple diffusion in the context of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

The spreading out of molecules across the membrane until equilibrium is reached

Answer

The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient

Answer

The movement of water only across the membrane

Answer

The active transport of ions

Question 33

Simple diffusion involves a net movement from regions of ______ concentration to regions of ______ concentration.

Accepted Answer

greater; lesser

Answer

lesser; greater

Answer

equal; equal

Answer

lesser; lesser

Question 34

Which of the following molecules can move across the membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Both B and C

Answer

Glucose

Answer

O2

Answer

CO2

Question 35

Refer to the diagram showing molecules moving across a membrane. What does the arrow indicate?

Accepted Answer

Movement from greater to lesser concentration

Answer

Movement from lesser to greater concentration

Answer

No movement

Answer

Active transport

Question 36

What is the role of a transport protein in facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It helps molecules pass through the cell membrane that normally couldn't pass (large molecules and polar molecules)

Answer

It breaks down molecules

Answer

It produces energy

Answer

It stores molecules

Question 37

Transport proteins can act as a ______ to allow specific molecules through (Ex. Ions like Ca+2).

Accepted Answer

channel

Answer

enzyme

Answer

receptor

Answer

pump

Question 38

Transport proteins can also act as ______ that bind to substances to carry them across the membrane (Ex. Glucose).

Accepted Answer

carriers

Answer

channels

Answer

receptors

Answer

enzymes

Question 39

Which of the following molecules would require facilitated diffusion to pass through the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Large molecules and polar molecules

Answer

Small nonpolar molecules

Answer

Water

Answer

Oxygen

Question 40

Refer to the diagram showing molecules moving through a channel protein over time. What process is being illustrated?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 41

What is osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane

Answer

The movement of solute across the cell membrane

Answer

The active transport of water across the cell membrane

Answer

The movement of water from low to high water concentration

Question 42

During osmosis, water moves from areas of ______ water concentration (meaning low solute) to areas of ______ water concentration (meaning high solute) until equilibrium is reached. Fill in the blanks.

Accepted Answer

high; low

Answer

low; high

Answer

high; high

Answer

low; low

Question 43

Refer to the diagram showing two beakers separated by a membrane. Over time, what happens to the water level on each side?

Accepted Answer

Water moves to the side with more solute

Answer

Water moves to the side with less solute

Answer

Water does not move

Answer

Solute moves to the other side

Question 44

What happens to a cell when placed in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Cell shrivels

Answer

Cell swells

Answer

Cell stays the same

Answer

Cell divides

Question 45

What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on a cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell swells

Answer

Cell shrivels

Answer

Cell stays the same

Answer

Cell dies

Question 46

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Cell stays the same

Answer

Cell shrivels

Answer

Cell swells

Answer

Cell bursts

Question 47

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Cell shrivels

Answer

Cell swells

Answer

Cell stays the same

Answer

Cell divides

Question 48

In which type of solution does the cell swell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Answer

Hypertonic

Answer

Isotonic

Answer

None of the above

Question 49

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Cell stays the same

Answer

Cell shrinks

Answer

Cell bursts

Answer

Cell divides

Question 50

What is active transport? Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules with energy against the gradient through a protein channel

Answer

Movement of molecules without energy

Answer

Movement of molecules with energy along the gradient

Answer

Movement of molecules without a protein channel

Question 51

Fill in the blank: In the Sodium-Potassium pump, 1 molecule of ATP is used to move two ___ and three ___.

Accepted Answer

two K+ and three Na+

Answer

two Na+ and three K+

Answer

two Ca2+ and three Na+

Answer

two K+ and three Cl-

Question 52

Which of the following is required for molecular pumps to move molecules across the membrane? Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Energy

Answer

Water

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Light

Question 53

What does the diagram illustrate about active transport?

Accepted Answer

Energy is used to move molecules against the gradient

Answer

Molecules move passively across the membrane

Answer

Molecules move with the gradient

Answer

No movement occurs

Question 54

When a cell uses energy to pump molecules across the membrane, against the gradient, through a protein channel. What is the main source of energy used in this process?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Water

Question 55

When a cell uses energy to pump molecules across the membrane, it moves molecules ______ the concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

against

Answer

with

Answer

along

Answer

towards

Question 56

True or False: The Sodium-Potassium pump moves two K+ ions into the cell and three Na+ ions out of the cell using one molecule of ATP.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 57

Which structure allows molecules to be pumped across the membrane during active transport?

Accepted Answer

Protein channel

Answer

Lipid bilayer

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 58

In the Sodium-Potassium pump, one molecule of ATP is used to move two ___ ions and three ___ ions.

Accepted Answer

two K+ ions and three Na+ ions

Answer

two Na+ ions and three K+ ions

Answer

two Ca2+ ions and three Na+ ions

Answer

two K+ ions and three Cl- ions

Question 59

What is endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The process of using vesicles to move large particles into the cell

Answer

The process of using vesicles to export materials out of the cell

Answer

The process of breaking down food in the cell

Answer

The process of making energy in the cell

Question 60

What is exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The process of using vesicles to export materials out of the cell

Answer

The process of using vesicles to move large particles into the cell

Answer

The process of breaking down food in the cell

Answer

The process of making energy in the cell

Question 61

Fill in the blank: Endocytosis uses vesicles to move large particles ______ the cell.

Accepted Answer

into

Answer

out of

Answer

around

Answer

away from

Question 62

Fill in the blank: Exocytosis uses vesicles to export materials ______ of the cell.

Accepted Answer

out

Answer

in

Answer

around

Answer

inside

Question 63

Which process is illustrated on the left side of the diagram, where particles are entering the cell?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Question 64

Which process is illustrated on the right side of the diagram, where materials are leaving the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

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