Enlightenment Ideas and Social Contracts

Which philosopher is most closely associated with the idea of the "social contract" as a foundation for government?

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Adam Smith

According to John Locke, which of the following is NOT considered a natural right?

• Life

• Liberty

• Property

• Wealth

Which Enlightenment thinker argued that people have the right to overthrow a government that does not protect their natural rights?

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Denis Diderot

What is the main idea behind the social contract theory?

• Monarchs are chosen by God

• Governments are formed by agreement among people

• The economy should be controlled by the state

• All people are born to serve the king

Which of the following best describes an "enlightened despot"?

• A ruler who ignores Enlightenment ideas

• A monarch who uses Enlightenment principles to rule justly

• A philosopher who opposes monarchy

• A democratic leader elected by the people

Who wrote "The Social Contract," a book that influenced political thought during the Enlightenment?

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• John Locke

• Voltaire

Which of the following rulers is considered an enlightened despot?

• Louis XIV of France

• Frederick the Great of Prussia

• Charles I of England

• Ivan the Terrible of Russia

According to Enlightenment thinkers, what is the primary purpose of government?

• To expand territory

• To protect the natural rights of citizens

• To increase the wealth of the monarch

• To control the church

Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that people are naturally selfish and need a strong ruler to maintain order?

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of natural rights as described by Enlightenment thinkers?

• They are given by the government

• They are universal

• They cannot be taken away

• They include life, liberty, and property