Kinetic, Potential Energy, and Conservation of Energy

Which statement best describes kinetic energy for an object?

• Energy due to position or condition

• Energy stored in chemical bonds

• Energy due to motion; increases with mass and speed

• Energy that cannot be transformed

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

If the speed of an object doubles while mass stays the same, how does its kinetic energy change?

• It doubles

• It triples

• It quadruples

• It stays the same

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Two identical carts roll at different speeds. Cart A moves at 5 m/s and Cart B at 10 m/s. Which has greater kinetic energy and why?

• Cart A, because lower speed means higher kinetic energy

• Cart B, because kinetic energy increases with the square of speed

• Both have the same kinetic energy because mass is identical

• Neither; kinetic energy depends only on mass

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which change will increase the kinetic energy of a system?

• Decreasing the speed of particles

• Reducing the number of particles (mass)

• Increasing the speed of particles

• Lowering the system’s temperature

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Potential energy is best defined as:

• Energy of motion in an object

• Energy stored due to position or condition

• Energy that cannot be transferred

• Energy released only by nuclear reactions

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

Gravitational potential energy of an object is directly proportional to which variable(s)?

• Only its speed

• Its height above the zero position (and mass)

• Only its volume

• The square of its temperature

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

If an object’s height triples with mass unchanged, what happens to its gravitational potential energy?

• It doubles

• It triples

• It quadruples

• It is halved

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

Two bowling balls are at the same height. One has a mass of 10 pounds and the other 8 pounds. Which has more gravitational potential energy?

• The 8-pound ball

• The 10-pound ball

• Both the same

• Neither has gravitational potential energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

Which statement summarizes the law of conservation of energy?

• Energy can be created but not destroyed

• Energy can be destroyed but not created

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed and transferred

• Energy never changes form or moves between systems

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In a system with total energy conservation, which pair of changes can occur together?

• Increase in kinetic energy and increase in potential energy at the same time without any other changes

• Decrease in one form of energy accompanied by an equal increase in another form

• Decrease in all forms of energy simultaneously

• Increase in total energy without energy entering the system

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