What was a key characteristic of the Catholic Church's power structure before the Reformation?

• A decentralized system with independent local parishes.

• A powerful hierarchy under the papal monarchy, enforcing its dominance.

• A democratic system where all members had equal say.

• A structure primarily focused on scientific research and discovery.

What was Martin Luther's primary concern that led him to question the Catholic Church's teachings?

• The Church's involvement in political affairs.

• The Church's emphasis on faith and good works for salvation.

• The Pope's authority over monarchs.

• The Church's repression of scientific ideas.

What was the purpose of an indulgence, as issued by the Pope in 1517?

• To grant forgiveness for future sins.

• To allow individuals to become priests.

• To release a soul from purgatory.

• To fund missionary trips to new lands.

Which of the following was a core belief of Martin Luther regarding salvation and religious authority?

• Salvation could be achieved through good works and purchasing indulgences.

• The Pope and church hierarchy were the ultimate intermediaries with the divine.

• Only the Bible (Sola Scriptura) and faith (Sola Fide) were necessary for salvation.

• Monarchs and noble people were inherently closer to God than ordinary people.

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What were the potential reasons for Frederick the Wise protecting Martin Luther from the Holy Roman Emperor?

• He was genuinely concerned about papal abuses.

• He felt Luther couldn't get a fair trial.

• He believed Luther's reform movements would limit Charles's power.

• All of the above.

What was a significant impact of the printing press on the Reformation?

• It allowed Luther to translate the Bible into Latin.

• It enabled the widespread distribution of Luther's writings, expanding the Reformation's reach.

• It limited the spread of Luther's ideas to local areas.

• It primarily benefited the Catholic Church by printing more indulgences.

How did Martin Luther react to the Peasants' Revolt in 1525?

• He condemned the rioters, stating he favored religious reform but not mass social change.

• He supported the peasants' demands for social equality.

• He joined the peasants in sacking castles and religious centers.

• He remained neutral, refusing to take a side in the conflict.

What was Ulrich Zwingli's belief regarding the Eucharist (Communion), differing from Martin Luther's view of consubstantiation?

• He viewed Communion as a symbolic ritual, with bread and wine remaining just bread and wine.

• He believed in transubstantiation, where bread and wine literally become Christ's body and blood.

• He argued that the bread and wine were still bread and wine, yet also the body and blood of Christ.

• He rejected Communion entirely as a non-biblical practice.