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WorksheetsBio 2: Semester Review
Total questions: 130
Worksheet time: 2hrs 23mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
2.
Protein sequences in one organism that resemble those of another suggest a
a)
coincidence
b)
lack of evolutionary relationship
c)
great number of mutations
d)
shared ancestry
3.
A measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs in a population is known as the
a)
gene pool
b)
allele frequency
c)
mutation rate
d)
phenotype
4.
Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. The change is called a(n)
a)
mutation
b)
gene flow
c)
gene pool
d)
allele
5.
This increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another
a)
genetic drift
b)
sexual selection
c)
bottleneck effect
d)
gene flow
6.
Five-factors that influences evolution include gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, natural selection and ....
a)
non-random mating
b)
controlled mating
c)
emigration
d)
immigration
7.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
8.
What is speciation?
a)
combining of tow species to form one with different traits
b)
isolation that affects mating behaviors
c)
timing of mating that prevents normal sexual selection
d)
divergence of two or more species from an existing one
9.
two species are in different environments and look very similar. However, that are not closely related (analogous). Their resemblance is most likely an example of.
a)
sexual selection
b)
temporal isolation
c)
convergent evolution
d)
divergent evolution
10.
asexual reproduction produces offspring with
a)
half of a single parent's genes
b)
the same genes as the parent
c)
a mix of genes from two parents
d)
lots of genetic variation
11.
What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
a)
natural selection
b)
inheritance
c)
artificial selection
d)
descent withOUT modification
12.
Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are
a)
heritable
b)
new
c)
mutated
d)
better than the best
13.
Which of the following ideas proposed by Lamarck was later found to be incorrect?
a)
Acquired characteristics can be inherited
b)
All species are descended from other species
c)
Living things change over time
d)
There is a relationship between an organism and its environment
14.
Which of the following explains how natural selection causes a trait to become predominant in a population?
a)
Individuals with traits that are favorable to the environment reproduce more.
b)
Traits of an individual change in order to adapt to changes in enviornment.
c)
organisms select which traits they wish to inherit
d)
all of these answers
15.
Why would a population with a large amount of genetic variation be more likely to survive a severe climate change in its environment?
a)
Individuals will only create offspring well-suited to the climate change
b)
The individuals would produce more offspring
c)
Individuals better suited to the new climate will help less-suited individuals survive
d)
Some individuals will posses traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on
16.
A population moving from on place to another.
a)
speciation
b)
geographic isolation
c)
genetic drift
d)
migration
17.
The idea that evolution seems to occur in spurts of time.
a)
stabilizing selection
b)
directional selection
c)
disruptive selection
d)
puntuated equilibrium
18.
Intermediate fossil forms are important evidence of evolution because they show
a)
how organisms change over time
b)
how animals behaved in their environments
c)
how the embryos of organisms develop
d)
molecular homologies
19.
Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos have many similar physical traits supports the hypothesis that these finches
a)
have the ability to interbreed
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse
c)
all eat the same type of food
d)
descended from a common ancestor
20.
Whales are aquatic mammals that contain a pelvis bone. Even though it does not aid in its movement, the function must have been used by a common ancestor of the whale. Thus, the pelvis is referred to as a(n)
a)
vestigial structure
b)
analogous structure
c)
homologous structure
21.
The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population forms a
a)
gene pool
b)
niche
c)
phenotype
d)
population
22.
The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the total number of times all alleles for the same gene occur is called a(n)
a)
allele frequency
b)
genotype
c)
polygenic trait
d)
genetic drift
23.
Any change in the relative frequency of alleles in the gene pool of a population over time is known as
a)
variation
b)
evolution
c)
stabilizing selection
d)
Founder effect
24.
A random change in a small population's allele frequency is known as
a)
a gene pool
b)
genetic drift
c)
variation
d)
fitness
25.
If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins, what is probably TRUE?
a)
species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor
b)
species A evolved independently of species B for a long period
c)
species A is younger than species B
d)
species A is older than species B
26.
The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it
a)
prevents interbreeding between the populations
b)
causes the formation of hybrids
c)
causes tmeporal isolation of the two populations
d)
increases differences in courtship behavior
27.
Study of embryos of various organisms
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
28.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
29.
Structures that have common evolutionary origins, provide evidence for common ancestor.
a)
Species
b)
Vestigial Structures
c)
Population
d)
Homologous Structures
30.
An individual, living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis.
a)
Cell
b)
Adaptation
c)
Organism
d)
Evolution
31.
All living organisms (biotic factors) in an area as well as its physical environment (abiotic) functioning together form _____
a)
adaptation
b)
fossil
c)
ecosystem
d)
ecology
32.
The Table below shows the # of differences in amino acids in a protein called “Cytochrome C” when comparing humans to other organisms. The protein is used by many plants and animals to convert energy in cells.
List the 4 closest human relatives based on this biochemical comparison.
List the 4 closest human relatives based on this biochemical comparison.
a)
chimpanzee, horse, rattlesnake, snapping turtle
b)
chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus monkey, horse
c)
fruit fly, bread mold, tuna fish, snapping turtle
d)
gorilla, rhesus monkey, rattlesnake, gorilla
33.
A term used to describe a group of individuals of the same species that interbreed is
a)
Gene Pool
b)
Relatives
c)
Polygenic
d)
Population
34.
What are the two main sources of genetic variation in living things?
a)
Equilibrium and Relative Frequency
b)
Mutations and Gene Shuffling
c)
Single-gene and Polygenic traits
d)
Asexual Reproduction and Gene Pools
35.
Gene shuffling includes independent assortment as well as
a)
Mutations
b)
Mitosis
c)
Asexual Reproduction
d)
Crossing Over
36.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
37.
The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called a(n)
a)
change
b)
adaption
c)
species
d)
variation
38.
Who observed variations in the characteristics of plants and animals on different islands of the Galapagos?
a)
James Hutton
b)
Charles Lyell
c)
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
d)
Charles Darwin
39.
In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called
a)
fossils
b)
adaptations
c)
homologies
d)
vestigial structures
40.
How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment can be described as its
a)
fitness
b)
homologies
c)
common descent
d)
analogies
41.
Which of the following conditions are necessary for natural selection to occur?
a)
overproduction of offspring
b)
variation within a population
c)
struggle for existence
d)
all of the above
42.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
43.
What is the study of past life as rocks or fossils?
a)
Paleontology
b)
Archeology
c)
Fossilology
44.
What type of dating indicates an approximate age of a fossil in relationship to other layers of rock in an area?
a)
Relative dating
b)
Absolute Dating
45.
What type of daiting indicates a specific age of a rock by using methods such as carbon dating or radioactive decay?
a)
Relative Dating
b)
Absolute Dating
46.
How far back in time can geologists study the history of the earth?
a)
1.6 billion years
b)
46 million years
c)
4.6 billion years
d)
160 billion years
47.
Which type of cell contains a nucleus?
a)
Prokaryotic
b)
Eukaryotic
48.
The organisms with the traits best suited for survival live and get to pass on their genes to their offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Punctuated Equilibrium
d)
Mutation
49.
A change that increases an organism's chances of survival over time. These are originally caused by mutations.
a)
Selective Pressure
b)
Adaptation
c)
Evolution
d)
Natural Selection
50.
The scientist who first developed the theories of Evolution and Natural Selection.
a)
Alfred Russel Wallace
b)
Charles Darwin
c)
Gregor Mendel
d)
Francis Crick
51.
According to the diagram, who is most closely related to primates?
a)
Amphibians
b)
Rodents & Rabbits
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Sharks
52.
The Geologic Time Scale begins the formation of Earth approximately ___years ago.
a)
4.6 thousand
b)
4.6 million
c)
46 million
d)
4.6 billion
53.
Which group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve?
a)
land plants
b)
cyanobacteria
c)
aquatic dinosaurs
d)
mammals
54.
The founder of modern evolution theory is considered to be _____.
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Alexander Oparin
c)
Stephen Jay Gould
d)
Lynn Margulis
55.
what is divergent evolution
a)
process where different organisms evolve similar traits to adapt to the same environment
b)
process where organisms evolve with a common ancestor and develop different traits
56.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
57.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
bipedal & opposable thumbs
58.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
grasshopper
c)
perch
d)
frog
59.
What are vertebrates?
a)
Animals with a backbone
b)
Animals without a backbone
60.
My body is moist and smooth, I lay eggs, and live in or near the water. What am I?
a)
Amphibian
b)
Reptile
c)
Bird
d)
Fish
61.
My body is warm and covered in feathers. I lay eggs which hatch into chickens. What am I?
a)
Reptile
b)
Amphibian
c)
Mammal
d)
Bird
62.
My body is warm, I have fur, feed my young on milk, and have live births. What am I?
a)
Reptile
b)
Bird
c)
Mammal
d)
Fish
63.
I am covered in dry scales and I lay eggs. What am I?
a)
Mammal
b)
Fish
c)
Amphibian
d)
Reptile
64.
My body is cold, am covered in scales, use gills to breathe under water, and I lay eggs. What am I?
a)
Fish
b)
Mammal
c)
Reptile
d)
Amphibian
65.
The scientific name for an organism is made from the:
a)
class and family name
b)
genus and species name
c)
domain and kingdom name
d)
kingdom and phylum name
66.
Which kingdom contains members who are prokaryotic?
a)
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
b)
Archaebacteria and Protista
c)
Eubacteria and Animalia
d)
Eubacteria and Fungi
67.
Members of this kingdom have cell walls made of cellulose
a)
Eubacteria
b)
Protista
c)
Plantae
d)
Fungi
68.
Term given to describe the 2 name naming system is:
a)
dichotmous key
b)
binomial nomenclature
c)
2 scientific names
d)
binomial key
69.
Cells that do not have a true nucleus are called....
a)
eukaryote
b)
prokaryote
c)
unicellular
d)
multicellular
70.
Cells that have a true nucleus are called....
a)
eukaryotes
b)
prokaryotes
c)
unicellular
d)
multicellular
71.
The 8 levels of classification, most broad to most specific.
a)
Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species
b)
Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order
c)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
d)
Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phylum, Family, Class, Genus
72.
What do protists, plants, fungi, and animals ALWAYS have in common? They are all...
a)
Multicellular
b)
Eukaryotic
c)
Prokaryotic
d)
Consumers
73.
According to the data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
74.
In a scientific name the: First name is the ____________ and the second name is the __________
a)
genus and species
b)
species and genus
75.
an organism that makes it food through photosynthesis
a)
autotroph
b)
heterotroph
76.
The order of Taxonomy is:
a)
Phylum, Class, Order, Kingdom, Family, Genus, Species
b)
Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus.
c)
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
d)
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Familiy, Genus, Species
77.
Having two of the same genes for the trait (TT, tt); Both dominant or both recessive.
a)
homozygous or purebred
b)
heterozygous or hybrid
c)
twin offspring
d)
pairs of chromosomes
78.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous (purebred) recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
t
79.
Dominant alleles are represented by a:
a)
Male gene
b)
lowercase letter
c)
recessive trait
d)
capital letter
80.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
81.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous genes
d)
mutated DNA
82.
Aa is
a)
homozygous (purebred)
b)
heterozygous (hybrid)
83.
A dog gives birth to 5 puppies. What percentage of the chromosomes does each puppy share with the mother?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
84.
Where is DNA in a eukaryotic cell?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Cell membrane
c)
Nucleus
d)
Vacuole
85.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
not present in plants
c)
found in non-living things
d)
DNA is an element on the periodic table
86.
What is the genotype of a person with type A blood, who had a father with type O blood?
a)
AB
b)
AO
c)
AA
d)
OO
87.
What are the blood types of the possible children that a woman (type O) and man (type AB) can have?
a)
O and AB
b)
O and A
c)
O and B
d)
A and B
88.
What is a phenotype?
a)
The expression of a trait; physical appearance.
b)
refers to the genetic makeup of an individual
c)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (ex. TT or tt)
d)
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
89.
Colorblindness is a recessive, X chromosome sex-link disorder. Cross the parents to figure out which percentage of their offspring will be colorblind.
a)
25%
b)
0%
c)
75%
d)
50%
90.
This type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in hybrid offspring
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
dominant pattern
91.
In fruit flies eye color is carried on the X chromosome. RED is dominant to WHITE. What is the sex and color of the following: XrY
a)
female red
b)
female white
c)
male red
d)
male white
92.
In fruit flies eye color is carried on the X chromosome. RED is dominant to WHITE. What is the sex and color of the following: XRXR
a)
female red
b)
female white
c)
male red
d)
male white
93.
Colorblindness is a recessive, X chromosome sex-link disorder. Cross the parents to figure out which percentage of their offspring will be colorblind.
a)
25%
b)
0%
c)
75%
d)
50%
94.
How many alleles does a gamete carry for each gene?
a)
1
b)
2
95.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
96.
A human body cell carries ____ chromosomes. A human gamete (sperm or egg) carries ____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
97.
What is the genotypic ratio in this cross?
R= round r= wrinkled
R= round r= wrinkled
a)
3:1 (3 round to 1 wrinkled)
b)
1:2:1 (1 RR, 2 Rr, 1 rr)
c)
75% round, 25% wrinkled
d)
1:3 (1 round to 3 wrinkled)
98.
What is the phenotypic ratio in this cross?
R= round r= wrinkled
R= round r= wrinkled
a)
3:1 (3 round to 1 wrinkled)
b)
1:2:1 (1 RR, 2Rr, 1 rr)
c)
1:3 (1 round to 3 wrinkled)
99.
X-linked recessive genes show up in males more than females because
a)
males have only one X chromosome
b)
males have two copies of the recessive allele
c)
fathers pass on the allele to their sons
100.
What is another word that can be used to describe "homeostasis"?
a)
STABLE
b)
EQUAL
c)
COMPLETE
d)
CORRECT
101.
The maintenance of an organism’s internal environment is called:
a)
compensating
b)
homeostasis
c)
balancing
d)
routine
102.
Which macromolecule is made of simple and complex sugars?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
103.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
104.
Which are enzymes?
a)
simple carbohydrates
b)
proteins that speed up chemical reactions
c)
lipids that make up the cell membrane
d)
a building block of DNA
105.
DNA and RNA are examples of...
a)
proteins
b)
nucleic acids
c)
carbohydrates
d)
lipids
106.
Another name for fats and oils
a)
proteins
b)
sugar
c)
lipids
d)
nucleic acids
107.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
Stores energy
b)
Stores genetic information
c)
Movement
d)
Physical structure
108.
What is the monomer of proteins?
a)
amino acids
b)
polypeptides
c)
nucleotides
d)
monosaccharides
109.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
a)
Glycerol
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Nucleotides
110.
What is the function of a carbohydrate?
a)
Stores energy
b)
Movement
c)
Stores genetic information
d)
Speeds up reactions
111.
Makes proteins for the cell, can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Golgi Body
c)
Ribosome
d)
Cytoplasm
112.
"powerhouse of the cell" breaks down sugar molecules to release energy, site of cellular respiration, double membrane, self-replicating, contains own DNA, cristae
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Cell Wall
d)
Vesicle
113.
Directs all cell activities "Brain or Control Center of cell"
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Nucleus
c)
ribosomes
d)
Mitochondria
114.
What is the smallest unit of life?
a)
Ant
b)
Organism
c)
Cell
d)
Salt
115.
What is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth?
a)
glucose
b)
sunlight
c)
ATP
d)
H2O
116.
What do all cells use for energy?
a)
Carbs
b)
Protein
c)
Fat
d)
ATP
117.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
118.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
119.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
120.
The DNA sequence ATCAGCGCTGGC is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this message?
a)
4
b)
8
c)
12
d)
20
121.
DNA sequence is ACAGTGC. How would this be coded on mRNA?
a)
TGTCACG
b)
UGUCACG
c)
GUGACAU
d)
CACUGUA
122.
What is the function of mRNA?
a)
storage of food
b)
prevents mutations
c)
provides energy
d)
carries genetic message
123.
The process of making mRNA from DNA is called.
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Protein synthesis
124.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
ribosome
c)
cytoplasm
d)
smooth ER
125.
Where does translation take place?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Golgi Body
d)
Cytoplasm
126.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
127.
products of mitosis are genetically
a)
different
b)
identical
128.
products of meiosis are genetically
a)
different
b)
identical
129.
what cells do meiosis produce
a)
sex cells (sperm and egg)
b)
everything over than sex cells
130.
what cells do mitosis produce
a)
sex cells (sperm and egg)
b)
everything over than sex cells
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