WorksheetsBiology Practice Final Second Semester
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Where do your chromosomes come from?
a)
25% from mom, 75% from dad
b)
50% from mom, 50% from dad
c)
75% from mom, 25% from dad
d)
100% from mom, 0% from dad
2.
How many allele(s) does every parent pass down to their offspring PER TRAIT?
a)
0
b)
1
c)
2
d)
3
3.
A trait that shows a lot of variation and is controlled by many genes is called
a)
codominance
b)
multiple alleles
c)
polygenic trait
d)
incomplete dominance
4.
Red is dominant to yellow. If a homozygous red plant is crossed with a homozygous yellow plant, which form form will not show up in the first generation?
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
hybrid
d)
heterozygous
5.
In humans, the sex of the offspring is determined by
a)
temperature of the womb
b)
the mother
c)
the father
d)
the nutrients that the mother has in her body
6.
What is a gene
a)
a segment of DNA that codes for a protein
b)
a tightly coiled group of chromosomes
c)
scientists are still uncertain
d)
how messages are sent between cells in the body
7.
All of the following are examples of homozygous genotypes EXCEPT
a)
HH
b)
Hh
c)
hh
d)
XX
8.
Widow's peak is dominant to no widow's peak. If a child has a widow's peak and her father does not..What is her mother's genotype?
a)
Aa
b)
AA
c)
aa
d)
could be any of these
9.
A white cat and a black cat have all grey kittens. What type of inheritance is this?
a)
sex-linked trait
b)
codominance
c)
incomplete dominance
d)
multiple alleles
10.
In frogs, red eyes are dominant to yellow eyes. If a heterozygous frog mates with a yellow-eyed frog, what % of the offspring should have yellow eyes?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
11.
In human karyotypes
a)
males and females are identical
b)
males and females are the same except for the sex chromosomes
c)
males have twice as many chromosomes as females
d)
females have twice as many chromosomes as males
12.
Colorblindness is a recessive, X-linked trait. If a female carrier (heterozygous) has children with a color blind male. What % of their kids should be colorblind?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
0%
d)
75%
13.
If an orange snake and a blue snake mate they have offspring that are blue and orange striped, what type of inheritance is this?
a)
codominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
sex-linked
d)
multiple alleles
14.
Hemophilia is x-linked, recessive. It is usually not possible for a
a)
hemophiliac father to pass the allele to his son
b)
hemophiliac father to pass the allele to his daughter
c)
hemophiliac mother to pass the allele to her son
d)
hemophiliac mother to pass the allele to her daughter
15.
Mother has type O blood, father is heterozygous for type A blood. What is the probability that they'll have a child with type O blood?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
16.
The genotype of a normal human male is _________ and the genotype of a normal human female is _________.
a)
XX, XY
b)
XY, XX
c)
XX, XXY
d)
X, Y
17.
A woman has two alleles for hair color: A=dark brown, a=light brown. The fact that she may only pass down one of the two alleles shows
a)
segregation
b)
independent assortment
c)
mutation
d)
law of dominance
18.
What is the only genotype (in simple dominance) that shows up as recessive?
a)
HH
b)
Hh
c)
hh
d)
both Hh and HH
19.
ff=shaded in. What is the genotype of person II-3 in this pedigree?
a)
FF
b)
Ff
c)
ff
d)
impossible to tell with given information
20.
ff=shaded in. If person number 5 had kids with a man who is homozygous recessive..what % of their kids would also be homozygous recessive?
a)
100%
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
21.
Meiosis consists of ______ round(s) of DNA replication followed by ______ round(s) of cell division.
a)
one, two
b)
two, one
c)
one, one
d)
two, two
22.
What process produces gametes for sexual reproduction (sperm and egg)?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
DNA replication
d)
mutations
23.
Which cells would be haploid?
a)
skin cell
b)
liver cell
c)
heart cell
d)
sex cell
24.
At the end of meiosis there are
a)
two diploid cells
b)
four haploid cells
c)
four diploid cells
d)
two haploid cells
25.
All of the following result in genetic variation EXCEPT
a)
crossing-over
b)
independent assortment
c)
mutations
d)
mitosis
26.
________ is the process in which two chromosomes line up and exchange genetic information with each other.
a)
independent assortment
b)
crossing-over
c)
law of segregation
d)
none of these
27.
Hitchhiker's thumb is an autosomal dominant trait. A man homozygous for hitchhiker's thumb marries a woman heterozygous for HH thumb. What % of their children is likely to have HH thumb?
a)
100%
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
28.
A mother shows a dominant genotype, but her kid shows a recessive genotype. What must the genotype of the mother be?
a)
TT
b)
Tt
c)
tt
d)
impossible to tell with the given information
29.
Incomplete dominance results in
a)
a blend or mix of the two phenotypes
b)
both phenotypes showing up at the same time, usually in stripes or spots
c)
only the dominant phenotype showing up in a hetzerzygous indiviudal
d)
only the recessive phenotype showing up in a heterozygous individual
30.
Which of the following is an example of multiple alleles?
a)
Human height
b)
ABO blood type in humans
c)
Widow's peak
d)
Hemophilia
31.
A person who does not display characteristics of hemophilia, but has one of the affected alleles is said to be
a)
a carrier
b)
lucky
c)
homozygous
d)
purebred
32.
A pedigree
a)
shows how a trait is inherited over several generations in a family
b)
shows how closely related two or more species are to each other
c)
is an evolutionary chart that shows which organisms have traits in common
d)
happens when an entire family has only homozygous, purebred individuals
33.
Traits that have a wide variety/range of phenotypes (examples: height, skin color, hair color) are ____________.
a)
polygenic
b)
multiple alleles
c)
heterozygous
d)
hybrid
34.
Earth is approximately ________ years old and according to the fossil record life has existed for roughly ______ of Earth's history.
a)
4.6 billion, 80%
b)
3,000, 95%
c)
3.8 million, 20%
d)
2 billion, 10%
35.
In a dihybrid cross (two-traits), if the parent genotype is HHAa what would the possible gametes be?
a)
HA, Ha, HA, Ha
b)
Ha, Ha, Ha, Ha
c)
HA, Ha, Ha, Ha
d)
HA, ha, ha, Ha
36.
The oldest/earliest life forms were
a)
single celled prokaryotes
b)
single celled eukaryotes
c)
many celled prokaryotes
d)
many celled eukaryotes
37.
If the allelic frequencies of a population of foxes have changed from 90% red to 40% red. The population is
a)
evolving
b)
in genetic equilibrium
c)
going through disruptive selection
d)
none of these
38.
Darwin's finches were decedent from a common ancestor, but then developed physical differences that were selected for by their environments. This is ean example of
a)
Divergent evolution
b)
Convergent evolution
c)
Punctuated equilibrium
d)
Disruptive selection
39.
All of the following are examples of evidence for evolution EXCEPT
a)
fossil record
b)
homologous and vestigial structures
c)
embryology and DNA evidence
d)
experiments conducted in a lab setting
40.
The best way to determine WHEN two difference species split off from each other would be to study
a)
physical characteristics
b)
DNA and amino acids of each orgaqnism
c)
environment and diet of each organism
d)
none of these
41.
Survival and reproduction of the organisms best adapted to their environment (genetically)
a)
natural selection
b)
genetic equilibrium
c)
gradualism
d)
multiple alleles
42.
Which of the following means that a population is NOT evolving?
a)
genetic equilibrium
b)
changing allele frequencies with each generation
c)
disruptive selection
d)
mutations
43.
Natural selection usually can lead to all of the following EXCEPT
a)
comoflage
b)
mimicry
c)
physical differences
d)
genetic equilibrium
44.
Which is NOT part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
a)
variation that is heritable and able to be passed down
b)
more individuals are produced than are able to survive
c)
Over time, more individuals in the population have the favorable form of a trait because it is selected for by the environment
d)
Organisms acquire a trait out of want or need in response to the environment
45.
What is evolution
a)
change in a species over time
b)
change in an individual in order to survive during its lifetime
c)
change in an individual over time
d)
the origin of life on earth
46.
Which is the correct order of the life forms that appeared on earth (earliest to most recent)
a)
multicellular, eukaryotes, prokaryotes
b)
prokaryotes, eukaryotes, multicellular
c)
eukaryotes, prokaryotes, multicellular
d)
prokaryotes, multicellular, eukaryotes
47.
The skeleton of a whale has leg bones, but at no point during its life does it walk on land. The presence of leg bones in whales is an example of
a)
a vestigal structure
b)
a homologous structure
c)
an analogous structure
d)
a structure that has become a disadvantage over time
48.
Speciation usually occurs
a)
when members of a species become reproductively isolated from each other
b)
when members of a species choose to continue mating with their normal group
c)
when more individuals are produced than are able to survive
d)
when differences happen as a result of variation during meiosis
49.
Variation (for natural selection to act on) happens from all of the following EXCEPT
a)
crossing over during meiosis
b)
random assortment of chromosomes
c)
mutations
d)
an organism changing out of want or need
50.
The fact that people cut off the tails of some dogs, but those dogs go on to have puppies with full length tails shows that
a)
each puppy must have had a mutation to its DNA
b)
acquired characteristics cannot be passed down
c)
tail length is not controlled by the DNA of the dog, so it doesn't follow normal rules
d)
genetic drift results in traits reverting back to their
51.
A gene pool is
a)
all of the genes in a population
b)
all of the alleles that have ever existed in a species
c)
the process that DNA and RNA use while coding
d)
the genetics that your kids will receive after you and your partner select which ones are going to be passed down
52.
a dolphin is a mammal, but a shark is not. the dorsal fin (one on top) is an example of
a)
an analogous structure
b)
a homologous structure
c)
a vestigial structure
d)
central dogma
53.
A whale and a shark both live in the same environment and have similar structures, BUT they do not share a recent common ancestor. This is an example of
a)
convergent evolution
b)
divergent evolution
c)
mimicry
d)
survival of the fattest
54.
Birds that live on an island have either very long beaks or very short beaks, never medium. This is an example of
a)
stabilizing selection
b)
disruptive selection
c)
punctuated equilibrium
d)
directional selection
55.
Which is NOT evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
a)
chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own ribosomes that can make protein
b)
chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own DNA (which is circular like that of bacteria)
c)
chloroplasts and mitochondria can reproduce independently of the cell
d)
chloroplasts and mitochondria are bigger than their host cells which suggests that they lived on their own before
56.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
a)
Ancient prokaryotic cells swallowed up smaller prokaryotic cells to become the first eukaryotic cells
b)
an explaination for the origin of the first abiotic factors on Earth
c)
two animals living close together and each one benefits from the relationship
d)
the belief that the moon landing was faked
57.
Which two organisms share the most recent common ancestor?
a)
primates and rodents
b)
rodents and crocodiles
c)
amphibians and ray-finned fish
d)
birds and primates
58.
Assuming that the cladogram was constructed using DNA comparisons which of the following is true?
a)
birds and reptiles have the most DNA in common
b)
birds and rodents have the most DNA in common
c)
amphibians and reptiles have the most DNA in common
d)
fish and amphibians have the most DNA in common
59.
Which traits do the crocodiles and mammals share?
a)
amniotic egg, limbs, and lungs
b)
amniotic egg, hole in skull in front of eye socket, and lungs
c)
lungs, limbs, amniotic egg, and gas exchange across skin
d)
S-shaped neck, short forelimbs, feathers, and amniotic egg
60.
Which of the 6 kingdoms contain organisms that are EUKARYOTIC
a)
eubacteria and archaebacteria
b)
protista, fungi, animalia, and plantae
c)
animalia and plantae
d)
fungi and eubacteria
61.
If a mouse and a hamster have very similar DNA (but not identical), this probably suggests that
a)
they share a recent common ancestor
b)
they are actually the same species
c)
hamsters are a hybrid cross between mice and rats
d)
the two species evolved independently and don't share a fairly recent common ancestor
62.
What are the marks called on a cladogram that represent shared traits called?
a)
derived characters
b)
taxonomy
c)
cladistic analysis
d)
divergent boundaries
63.
Mutations are responsible for most NEW variations in a population
a)
true
b)
false
64.
If a population of frogs has an allelic frequency of 75% for green skin and 25% yellow skin in 2001 and that same population has 71% green skin and 29% yellow skin in 2017, what is happening?
a)
the frogs are losing pigment in their skin due to the increased UV rays penetrating the earth's atmosphere
b)
the population is evolving
c)
yellow frogs must me immigrating into the new population which throws off the numbers
d)
yellow skin is a new mutation in 2017 that is changing the allelic frequencies
65.
Which is an example of an adaptation?
a)
a bird beak fitting the type of food that is readily available
b)
an insect that, over time, looks like a leaf
c)
white fur on an arctic hare that blends in with the snow
d)
all of these
66.
Human babies are usually born between 5 and 9 lbs. This is an example of
a)
directional selection
b)
disruptive selection
c)
stabilizing selection
d)
normative selection
67.
An owl and a hawk have relatively similar DNA, but are different species. One is active during the day and the other is active during the night. Which type of reproductive isolation is this?
a)
mechanical
b)
temporal
c)
behavioral
d)
geographic
68.
The limbs of mammals are all arranged in a similar fashion which suggests that they share a fairly recent common ancestor. What are mammal limbs in this scenario?
a)
analogous structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
homeostasis structures
d)
vestigial structures
69.
Which has the highest level of fitness (in evolutionary terms)?
a)
fastest woman in the world, 60 years old, no kids
b)
man who has had a heart attack, 42 years old, two kids
c)
man who is a governor, 58 years old, no kids
d)
woman who is an astronaut, 49 years old, had one kid who is no longer living
70.
Which evolve?
a)
populations
b)
individuals
71.
Which of the following is true based on the graph
a)
temperatures have been decreasing on average since 1860
b)
temperatures will never drop 0.4 under the average again
c)
temperatures must continue to increase after 2020
d)
temperatures have increased on average since 1860
72.
What is the point where the population begins to level off called?
a)
carrying capacity
b)
rf factor
c)
k-selected species
d)
density independent factors
73.
disease, starvation, and predation are all examples of _________________ because they impact a larger percentage of the population if it is a larger population.
a)
density dependent factors
b)
density independent factors
c)
Rhesus factors
d)
random factors
74.
Which is NOT an example of a human activity disruptions an ecosystem?
a)
introducing invasive species
b)
pollution
c)
deforestation
d)
natural disasters
75.
The introduction of an invasive species
a)
is typically beneficial to the native species because they have more food to eat
b)
is bad for an ecosystem and generally disrupts the naturally occuring food web and flow of energy
c)
has a neutral impact on native wildlife 100% of the time
d)
should be encouraged and promoted to boost the productivity of an ecosystem
76.
When Cane Toads were introduced in Australia
a)
the ecosystem was disrupted
b)
all of the native animals went extinct because they couldn't compete with the toad
c)
productivity of the ecosystem increased as a result
d)
some areas of Australia benefited while others suffered
77.
Biodiversity helps
a)
ecosystems survive large disruptions and diseases
b)
provide food and medicine for humans
c)
all of these
d)
provide many natural resources for humans and other organisms
78.
Humans can contribute to the extinction of organisms by all of the following EXCEPT
a)
destroying natural habitat
b)
introducing invasive species
c)
reducing genetic diversity of plants and animals
d)
practicing agriculture and sustainable forestry
79.
__________ is an abiotic factor while _______ is a biotic factor
a)
a human, dirt
b)
rain, a tree
c)
a rock, the atmosphere
d)
a wolf, sand
80.
which trophic level is the most vital to most ecosystems?
a)
primary producers because they make all the organic nutrients for an ecosystem
b)
primary consumers because they are the first level of consumption
c)
tertiary consumers because they establish carrying capacities for an ecosystem
d)
secondary consumers because they are able to harvest energy from the sun and turn it into
81.
Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere through all of the following EXCEPT
a)
combustion of fossil fuels
b)
combustion of wood/biomass
c)
cellular respi
d)
photosynthesis
82.
Which factor does not regularly establish an environment's carrying capacity
a)
Predation
b)
Lack of food
c)
Lack of water
d)
Natural disasters
83.
a human eats a cow that ate grass. Which term describes the human ?
a)
Primary producer
b)
primary consumer
c)
secondary consumer
d)
Tertiary consumer
84.
If 100% of the original energy is available to the primary producers....what % of the original is available to the tertiary consumer?
a)
10%
b)
1%
c)
0.1%
d)
0.01%
85.
energy ________ and matter _____________
a)
Cycles, flows
b)
Flows, cycles
c)
Is recycled, is destroyed
d)
created, destroyed
86.
which things would lead to an increase in population
a)
higher death rates
b)
Decreased imigrat
c)
increased emigration
d)
higher birth rates and increased imigrati
87.
The type of growth that most things in nature is established by carrying capacity. Which type of growth is this?
a)
Logistic
b)
Exponenti
c)
Disruptive
d)
Stabilizing
88.
A more complicated and accurate version of a food chain is called a
a)
Food web
b)
ecological pyramid
c)
cladogram
d)
Pedigree
89.
All of the energy on earth can be traced back to _________ at some point
a)
The sun
b)
Tidal energy
c)
Primary consumers
d)
None of these
90.
around _____% of energy is lost as _______ with each energy transfer in a food chain/web
a)
90, heat
b)
40, kinetic energy
c)
75, chemical energy
d)
10, biological processes
91.
All of the following are density dependent factors EXCEPT
a)
Predation
b)
Disease
c)
Lack of food/water
d)
Natural disasters
92.
which organisms are responsible for breaking down dead organic and waste matter?
a)
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
b)
decomposers and detrivores
c)
secondary and tertiary consumers
d)
primary producers
93.
why are acquired characteristics usually not able to be passed down to future generations?
a)
The DNA is not being changed, only the physical characteristics
b)
most energy is lost as heat in any energy transfer
c)
The other partner doesn't have the same characteristics to pass down
d)
mutations occur in the offspring before they are born which cover the altered trait up
94.
how are plants able to to get usable nitrogen from the atmosphere?
a)
Lightning
b)
Nitrogen fixing bacteria on the roots of legumes
c)
chemical fertilizers
d)
all of these
95.
there are 369 deer in a 50 acre park. This number refers to the
a)
carrying capacity
b)
population density
c)
densitt independent factors
d)
None of these
96.
Density independent limiting factors
a)
are rarely natural disasters
b)
Impact the same percent of individuals regardless of population density
c)
kill a higher percentage of individuals as the population density increases
d)
are usually things like lack of resources, disease, and predation
97.
Populations will increase in size if
a)
immigration rates exceed emigration rates
b)
emigration rates exceed immigration rates
c)
death rates exceed birth rates
d)
birth and death rates remain equal
98.
What happens when most populations reach carrying capacity
a)
The population will level off by going through a series of decreases and increases
b)
the species will go extinct immediately
c)
the population will decrease dramatically and never approach CC again
d)
none of these
99.
invasive species tend to show ____________ growth because they have almost unlimited food and few predators
a)
exponential
b)
logistic
c)
delayed
d)
stabilizing
100.
Which of the following is NOT an example of competition?
a)
sharks and dolphins living in the same area trying to eat the same type of fish
b)
two lions fighting over a mate
c)
iguanas and birds living on the same island trying to eat the same type of insect
d)
a lion and a jaguar eating the same food, but living on different continents
100 %
