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Worksheetsbiology semester 2 final
Total questions: 123
Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins
organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called...
autotrophs
heterotrophs
thylakoids
pigments
What are the 3 parts of an ATP molecule
NADH, NADPH, AND FADH2
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
adenine, ribose, phosphate group
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
when is energy released from ATP
ATP is exposed to sunlight
a phosphate group is added
adenine bonds to ribose
a phosphate group is removed
Jan Van Helmont concluded that plants gain most of their mass from...
water
light
the soil
oxygen in the air
Ingenhousz showed that plants produced oxygen when exposed to.....
water
light
burning candle
ATP
a student is collecting the gas given off from the plant in bright sunlight at a temp of 27 C. The gas collected is probably.....
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
ATP
plants gather the suns energy with light absorbing molecules called
thylakoids
ATP
glucose
pignments
which region of the visible light spectrum is absorbed well by chlorophyll
red
blue
violet
all of the above
the stroma is the region outside the
chloroplast
thylakoids
plant cells
all of the above
where in the chloroplast is the chlorophyll found
stroma
thylakoid
ATP
glucose
where do light dependant reactions take place
in the stroma
within the thylakoid membranes
in mitokondria
chlorophyll molecules
which step is in the beginning of photosynthesis
pigments in photosystem 1 absorb
high energy electrons move through the electron transport chain
pigments in photosystem 2 absorb
ATP synthase allows H plus ions to join through the thylakoid membrane
choose the correct pathway that represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis
H20 > photosystem 1 > photosystem two
O2 > ADP > Calvin Cycle
Photosystem 1 > Calvin cycle, NADPH
H2O > NADPH > Calvin cycle
the calvin cycle is another name for
light dependant reactions q
light independent reactions
photosynthesis
all of the above
where does the Calvin cycle occur
in the stroma
in the photosystems
in the thylakoid membranes
all of the above
what is the product of the calvin cycle
Carbon dioxide
ATP
oxygen gas
high energy sugars
If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plants environment, what would you expect to happen to the production of the plants high energy sugars
more sugar produced
no change
no sugars produced
Carbon dioxide is completely unrelated
which of the following is not a process of cellular respiration
fermentation
electron transport
glycolysis
krebs cycle
which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration
6CO2+ 6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +6H2O + Energy
6CO2+ 6H12O6 + 6H2O + Energy
6CO2+ 6H12O6 + 6CO2 +6H2O + Energy
6CO2+ 6H12O6 + 6CO2 +6H2O -> Energy
cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down
food molecules
ATP
water
carbon dioxide
what are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration
oxygen and lactic acid
glucose and water
glucose and oxygen
carbon dioxide and water
which of these is a product for cellular respiration
gas
water
oxygen
all of the above
which process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell
glycolysis
krebs
all of the above/ below
electron transport
glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of
18 atp
2 atp
4 atp
26 ATP
which is NOT a product of glycolysis
Atp
NADH
pyruvic acid
glucoses
which of the following acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration
NAD plus
Pyruvic acid
ADP
ATP
where does lactic acid fermentation occur
mitochondria
muscle cells
bread dough
anywhere when oxygen is present
select the two main types of fermentation
lactic acid
anaerobic
alcoholic
aerobic
what is one cause of muscle soreness
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
krebs
glycolysis
what happens during lactic acid fermentation
NAD+ is regenerated allowing glycolysis to continue
glucose is split into pyruvic acids
oxygen is released
3 ATP molecules are produced
in the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by..
photosynthesis
krebs
fermentation
all of the above
what is the starting molecule for the krebs cycle
oxygen
pyruvic acid
lactic acid
glucose
what does the Krebs cycle produce
oxygen
lactic acid
electron carriers
glucose
the krebs cycle starts with
lactic acid and yields carbon dioxide
glucose and yields 32 ATP
pyruvic acid and yields lactic acid
pyruvic acid and yields carbon dioxide
which of the following passes high energy electrons into the electron transport chain
NADH and FADH2
ATP AND ADP
CITRIC ACID
ACETYL- COA
EACH PAIR OF HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS THAT MOVES DOWN THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN PROVIDES ENOUGH ENERGY TO...
convert 3 adp molecules to 3 atp
transport water molecules
convert carbon dioxide molecules into water molecules
break down glucose
the energy of electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to make
atp
lactic acid
ADP
alcohol
breathing heavily after running a race is your body's way of
repaying oxygen debt
restarting cellular respiration
recharging
making more citric acid
when the body needs to exercise for more than 90 seconds it generates ATP by carrying out
cellular respiration
glycolysis
fermentation
all of the above
the energy needed to win a 3 minute foot race is most likely produced by
cellular respiration
lactic acid fermentation
using stored up atp
breaking down fats
which statement mainly explains why even well conditioned athletes have to pace themselves
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION CAUSES MUSCLE SORENESS
heavy breathing is needed to get rid of lactic acid
cellular respiration releases slower than fermentation does
all of the above
explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes
photosynthesis releases energy while cellular respiration stores it UP
photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while cellular respiration puts it back
photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, while cellular respiration puts it back
cellular respiration removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while photosynthesis puts it back
cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of carbon dioxide
FALSE
TRUE
AS A CELL BECOMES LARGER ITS VOLUME INCREASES FASTER THAN ITS SURFACE AREA
TRUE
FALSE
click all that apply: as a cell grows it
places more demands on dna
it goes through interphase
it has more trouble moving
uses up food and oxygen faster
after cell division each new daughter cell
has a lower surface area/volume ratio than the parent
has a higher surface area/volume ratio than the parent
has the same surface area/volume ratio than the parent
has less dna
when during cell cycle are the chromosomes visible
ALL STAGES
Only during cell divison
during G1 phase
only when being replicated
what occurs during interphase
cell grows
spindle fibers appear
centrioles appear
centromeres divide
what is the role of the spindle during mitosis
duplicates dna
breaks down membrane
helps separate chromosomes
makes the chromosomes visible
what are the 2 main stages or phases in the cell cycle
M and S phase
meiosis and cytokinesis
mitosis and interphase
sythesis and cytokenesis
during normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having 4 chromosomes will produce 2 daughter cells each containing
2 chromosomes
8 chromosomes
16 chromosomes
4 chromosomes
cell grown in a petri dish tends to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish If you removed the middle of the dish the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing, what does this show
when cells come in contact with other cells they stop growing
the controls on a cells growth and division can be turned on and off
cell division can be regulated FROM factors outside
all of the above
cancer is a disorder that causes some cells to lose the ability to control their
Growth rate
surface area
size
spindle fibers
cancer cells form masses of cells called
tumors
cyclins
growth factors
p53
a cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to
divide normally
stop dividing
accumulate chromosomal damage
combat tumors
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
flowering
inheritance of traits
gamete formation
cross pollination
offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits
called hybrids
make up the parental generation
are true breeding
make up f2 generation
Mendel removed the male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to
control crosses
self simulate pollination
prevent cross pollination
prevent hybrids
chemical factors that determine traits
allele
genes
gamete
characters
Mendel concluded that traits are
not inherited by offspring
inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring
determined by dominant factors only
determined by recessive factors only
what does the principle of dominance state
all alleles are dominant
all alleles are recessive
some are recessive while others are dominant
alleles are neither dominant nor recessive
if a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas it will produce
green peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas
both green and yellow peas
green peas only if their is no dominant yellow peas
t/f Organisms said to have 2 identical alleles for a particular trait are called heterozygous
true
false; homozygous
How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype is RrYY
3
2
6
8
one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
polygenic
multiple alleles
multiple genes
incomplete dominance
a cross between a black chicken (BB) and a white chicken (WW) gets (BBWW) what is this called
codominance
incomplete dominance
polygenic trait
variation in human skin color is an example of
codominance
polygenic traits
inherited traits
incomplete dominance
the number of Chromosomes in a gamete is usually represented by what symbol
G
N
A
X
if an organisms haploid number is 12 than the diploid number is
12
6
3
4
t/f gametes have 1 allele per gene
true
false 2 per gene
how are gametes produced
meiosis
mitosis
replication
crossing over
t/f Chromosomes form tetrads during interphase
false: during prophase 1 of mitosis
true
false; during anapahse 2
Unlike mitosis, Meiosis can form
diploid cells
haploid cells
2N daughter cells
body cells
4 types of tissue in the body
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
epithelial, arm , muscle, nervous
epithelial, connective, neck, brain
cardiac, connective, muscle, nervous
what type of tissue lines body cavities and covers the body
connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous
what are the 2 types of muscle tissue
cardiac
nervous
muscle
skeletal
(t/f) involuntary control is unconscious control of muscle contractions
TRUE
FALSE
two types of nervous tissues
GLIA
NEURONS
NEUTRONS
CARDIAC
Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to..
being preserved as fossils
providing humans with food
surviving in the environment they inhabited
swimming from South America to the Galapagos islands
the species finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations that Darwin noted was the
similarities of birds' enbryos
birds different shaped beaks
length of birds necks
number of eggs in each nest
James Hutton and Charles Lyell's work was important to Darwin because these scientists
explained volcanoes and earthquakes
explained all geological events
suggested that the Earth was old enough for evolution to have occured
refuted the work of Lamarck
Lamarck's theory that evolution includes the concept that the new organ in a species appear in result of
continual increase of population
the actions of organisms as they us or fail to use the body structures
an unchanging local event
the natural variations already present within the populartion
Darwin realized that the economist malthus's theory of population control
could be applied to all living organisms
applied to only humans
only when the population lives in a crouded enviroment
explained the number of deaths
according to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. their survival is due to their...
possession of adaptations developed through use
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
lack of competition
choices made by plant and animal breeders
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is....
natural selection
artificial selection
artificial variation
survival of the fittest
Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of natural selection
they transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse into offspring
they tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population
they are the ones best adapted to survive in their environment
they will perpetuate unfavorable changes
t/f Darwin's concept of evolution was influenced by a knowledge about the structure of dna
false
True
the same kinds of cells that grow in similar patterns in different but related organisms produce
homologous structures such as wings and arms
the same kind of embryos
natural variations in a population
descent with modification
which concept is NOT included in the modern theory of evolution
decent with modification
natural selection
transmission of acquired characteristics
competing among the members of a population
if an allele makes up 1/4 of a population's alleles for a given trait, it's relative frequency is
100%
25%
75%
4%
a change in a sequence of DNA is called a
recombination
polygenic trait
single gene trait
mutation
what are the 2 main sources of genetic variation
genotypes and phenotypes
gene shuffling and mutations
single- gene traits and polygenic traits
directional selection and disruptive selection
the phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait can often be expressed as
bar graph
bell shaped curve
disruptive selection
genetic shift
in a population of finches in which one group of birds has a short, parrot like beak and another group has a long, narrow beak, what process has occurred
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
genetic drift
what proportion of all species that have ever lived become extinct
more than 99%
50%
100%
less than 1%
earths most recent era
paleozoic
mesozoic
cenozoic
precambrian
why did oceans not exist on Earth nearly 4 billion years ago
no water molecules were present
water remained a gas because the earth was hot
water remained as ice because the Earth was evry cold
there was no oxygen in the atmosphere
MIller and Urey's expirements attempted to demonstrate
how the earth was formed
whether DnA or RNA evoloved 1st
whether organic molecules could have formed before life was present
how the deepest part of earth formed
what prevents organic molecules from forming on their own and remaining intact today
earth is too hot
atmosphere oxygen is too reactive
the necessary building blocks no longer exist
no energy sources available
the cambrian explosion resulted in the evolution of the 1st
dinosaurs and mammals
representatives of most animal phyla
bacteria
land animals
the separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, and bodies of water
temporal
geographical
behavoral
genetic equilibruim
which of the following describes what all members of the population share
they are temporally isolated
they are geographically isolated
members of the same species
they have identical genes
all of the genes of all members of a particular population make up the population's
relative frequency
gene pool
phenotype
genotype
t/f) Interbreeding within members of a population has no change on the relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool
true
false
natural selection acts directly on
alleles
individual organisms
genes
mutations
in genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of
mutations
chance
natural selection
genetic equilibrium
which of the following events do biologist consider a random change
directional selection
disruptive selection
genetic drift
speciation
one similarity between natural selection and genetic drift is
that both events are based completely on chance
begin with one or more mutations
involve a change in popilation's alelle frequencies
takes place only in small groups
which of the following is a requirement for genetic equilibrium to be reached
natural selection
mutations
nonrandom racing
no movement in or out of the population
A factor that is required for the formation of new species is
reproduction at different times
geographical barriers
different mating behaviors
reproductive isolation
The branch of biology dealing with the interactions among organisims and between organisms and their environment is called
economy
recycling
ecology
modeling
the combined portions of the Earth is which all living things exist is called the
biome
community
ecosystem
biosphere
plants are
consumers
producers
herbivores
omnivores
(t/f) Sunlight is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems
false
true
what are organisms called that produce its own food supply
autotrophs
hetrotrophs
consumer
producer
what is the term for each step in the transfer of energy in and matter within the food web
energy path
trophic level
food pyramid
food chain
what types of ecosystem shows the amount of living tissue at each Trophic level in an ecosystem
numbers pyramid
an energy pyramid
biomass pyramid
a food pyrmaid
nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
humans
plants
bacteria
consumers
t/f Cool air will rise
fale: sink
true
if a wolf pack attacks a moose, what are the wolves in this situation
predators
prey
mutualists
hosts
which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor in the envrionment
plant life
soil type
rainfall
temperature
a series of predictable changes that occur in a community overtime is called
population growth
ecological sucession
climate community
climate change
Pond and lakes are known as
flowing- water wet lands
standing water ecosystems
estuaries
wetlands
