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Ch. 12-The lymphatic system and body defenses

Total questions: 127

Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The nonspecific defense system is the ______ defense system
a)
adaptive
b)
innate
2.

Where do T cells mature within your body?

a)

spleen

b)

thymus gland

c)

thyroid gland

d)

bone marrow

3.

What is present in tears which serves as an antibacterial agent?

a)

mucous

b)

pepsin

c)

HCl

d)

lysozyme

4.

When cells of your body become damaged, as part of the inflammatory response, they will release

a)

histamine

b)

lysozyme

c)

interferons

d)

T cells

5.

Why can fevers be good for your body?

a)

Growth of bacteria and viruses slows with the increased temperature.

b)

There is reduced iron and zinc (held onto by your liver) in the blood stream, so viruses and bacteria can't spread as effectively.

c)

Phagocytic cells attack more vigorously with the increased temperatures.

d)

All of the above

6.

Which cell type (as part of your innate defense system) attacks and kills cells which have been infected with viruses or bacteria?

a)

T cells

b)

B cells

c)

phagocytes

d)

natural killer cells

7.

What is the most common phagocyte in your body?

a)

natural killer cell

b)

B cell

c)

macrophage

d)

neutrophil

8.

Proteins produced by cells infected with viruses are called

a)

histamine.

b)

interferons.

c)

macrophages.

d)

antibodies.

9.

Which of the following is NOT part of your second line of innate defenses?

a)

tears

b)

gastric juice

c)

mucous membranes

d)

fever

10.

The cell-mediated response is controlled by

a)

helper T cells

b)

B cells

c)

plasma cells

d)

cytotoxic T cells

11.

The humoral response involves mainly

a)

B cells

b)

T cells

c)

phagocytes

d)

macrophages

12.

After a macrophage phagocytizes a pathogen,

a)

it becomes a helper T cell

b)

it becomes a cytotoxic T cell

c)

it becomes an antigen-presenting cell

d)

it dies immediately

13.

What do helper T cells release, which cause cells to start cloning?

a)

interleukin-2

b)

histamine

c)

plasma cells

d)

antibodies

14.

Which type of cell docks with the antigens on the antigen-presenting cell?

a)

helper T cell

b)

cytotoxic T cell

c)

memory B cell

d)

antibodies

15.

Which type of cell produces antibodies?

a)

plasma cells

b)

memory B cells

c)

memory T cells

d)

antibody-producing cells

16.

Which term is given to a person's body launching an immune response against oneself?

a)

allergy

b)

autoimmunity

c)

self-antigen immunity

d)

innate immunity

17.

Once a Helper T cells docks with an antigen-presenting cell (APC), what happens next?

a)

The macrophage engulfs the pathogen.

b)

The Helper T cell releases Interleukin-2.

c)

Cytotoxic T cells vigorously attack cells which are dangerous to the body.

d)

Antibodies are produced by plasma cells.

18.

Which type of cell (of the cell-mediated response) attacks cells that are dangerous to the body?

a)

macrophage

b)

natural killer cell

c)

cytotoxic T cell

d)

helper T cell

19.

Which cells shut down the immune response once it has been removed from the body?

a)

suppressor T cells

b)

helper T cells

c)

cytotoxic T cells

d)

memory T cells

20.

Which of the following would bind to viral antigens, causing them to become deactivated?

a)

macrophages

b)

plasma cells

c)

B cells

d)

antibodies

21.

A microbe that can cause harm is known as a

a)

Pathogen

b)

Pathogon

c)

Virus

d)

Bacteria

22.

Which pathogen is non-living?

a)

Virus

b)

Bacteria

c)

Fungi

d)

Parasite/Protist

e)

They are all alive

23.
Cause of common cold and flu.
a)
Viruses
b)
Bacteria
c)
Reaction by the body to substances
24.

Which type of pathogen is responsible for causing the flu, chicken pox, and yellow fever?

a)

viruses

b)

parasites

c)

fungi

d)

bacteria

25.
An infectious disease:
a)
can be spread from person to person.
b)
can not be spread from person to person.
26.
Which is not an infectious disease?
a)
Malaria
b)
diabetes
c)
food poisoning
d)
measles
27.
One way to prevent the spreading of disease is:
a)
to cough without covering your mouth.
b)
to wash your hands often.
c)
to rub your eyes and nose when sick.
28.
Cells that ingest pathogens are
a)
plasma cells
b)
phagocytic cells
c)
helper T cells
d)
antibodies
29.
Which one is a way the body defends against a pathogen?
a)
Fever
b)
Stomach Acid digesting
c)
White Blood Cells fighing
d)
All of these are correct
30.

What is the body's first line of defence against infection?

a)

Physical barriers

b)

White blood cells

c)

Blood plasma

d)

Red blood cells

31.

Which of the following are examples of innate (non-specific) immunity?

a)

Skin forms a physical and antiseptic barrier to pathogens

b)

Leukocytes detect the antigens of the E.coli bacterium and produce antibodies

c)

Macrophages engulf bacterial cells at the site of infection

d)

The body produces large numbers of memory cells with specific antibodies

32.

What name is given to the cells lining the trachea (windpipe) that work together to catch and sweep away pathogens trapped in mucus?

a)

Salivary glands & goblet cells

b)

Pancreatic cells & goblet cells

c)

Cilliated epithelial cells & muscle cells

d)

Cilliated epithelial cells & goblet cells

33.

Foreign proteins that gain access to the body through cuts and scrapes, through the digestive or circulatory systems, or through the urinary and reproductive systems are called ____.

a)

mineralocorticoids

b)

immunoglobulins

c)

antigens

d)

antibodies

34.

Special lymphatic vessels that absorb fats and transport them from the digestive tract to the blood are called ____.

a)

peyer"s patch

b)

vili

c)

trabeculae

d)

lacteals

35.

Capsular extensions of the lymph node, which divide the node internally into a series of compartments with germinal centers, are called ____

a)

vili

b)

trabeculae

c)

lymph sinuses

d)

lacteals

36.

Chemicals released by sensitized T lymphocytes to keep us healthy are known as ____.

a)

antigens

b)

macrophages

c)

memory cells

d)

lymphokines

37.

The macrophages of the aggregated lymphatic follicles found in the walls of the small intestine destroy bacteria and prevent the bacteria from infecting and penetrating the walls of the intestine. These aggregated follicles are also known as ____.

a)

Peyer's patches

b)

chyme

c)

chyle

d)

interstitial fluid

38.

Immunity that can be acquired naturally, such as when we are exposed to a bacterial or viral infection, or that can be acquired artificially, such as when we receive a vaccine, is known as ____.

a)

antigen presentation

b)

passive immunity

c)

active immunity

d)

congenital immunity

39.

Cells that are descendants of activated T and B cells produced during an initial immune response, which exist in the body for years, enabling it to respond quickly to future infections, are known as ____.

a)

memory cells

b)

killer B's

c)

suppressor T cells

d)

killer T cells

40.

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies and provide humoral immunity, which is particularly effective against circulating bacterial and viral infections, are called ____.

a)

A lymphocytes

b)

B lymphocytes

c)

D lymphocytes

d)

T lymphocytes

41.

The lymphocytes that kill virus-invaded and cancerous body cells and are also involved in graft rejections are the ____.

a)

B cells

b)

plasma cells

c)

memory cells

d)

killer T cells

42.

The main collecting duct of the lymphatic system is the left lymphatic duct, also known as the ____.

a)

jugular trunk

b)

thoracic duct

c)

subclavian artery

d)

trabeculae

43.

Antigens cause the immune system to produce high molecular weight proteins called immunoglobulins or ____.

a)

antibodies

b)

mineralcocortiocoids

c)

antigens

d)

pathogens

44.

The immunity provided by the T lymphocytes, effective against fungi, parasites, intracellular viral infections, cancer cells, and foreign tissue implants, is known as ____.

a)

humoral immunity

b)

lymphatic immunity

c)

cellular immunity

d)

immunosuppresive immunity

45.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG), found in tissue fluids and plasma, attacks viruses, bacteria, and toxins. It also activates a set of enzymes that attack foreign antigens; these enzymes are known as ____.

a)

chyle

b)

complement

c)

lymphokines

d)

plasma cells

46.

Which of the following is involved with the development of T lymphocytes in the fetus and infants?

a)

adenoids

b)

spleen

c)

tonsils

d)

thymus

47.

Tears from the lacrimal gland and saliva contain an enzyme that destroys bacteria; this enzyme is ____.

a)

lysozyme

b)

chyle

c)

monokines

d)

lysosomes

48.

The fluid, originating from the blood capillary, that is formed in the spaces between the cells is known as:

a)

interstitial fluid

b)

blood

c)

lymph

d)

plasma

49.

Why erythrocyte, platelets and protein plasma cannot be found in the interstitial fluid and lymph?

a)

The size are too big

b)

It can change the shape

c)

It is too small

d)

Red in colour

50.

The structural difference between lymphatic capillary and blood capillary:

a)

Lymph capillary is blind-ended

b)

Lymph capillary is continous

c)

Lymph capillary is thicker

d)

Lymph capillary is green in color

51.

Which of the following is NOT found in the tissue fluid?

a)

Leucocyte

b)

Erythrocyte

c)

Glucose

d)

Oxygen

52.

Choose all that are main functions of the Lymphatic System:

a)

Return excess fluid to bloodstream

b)

Transport fatty acids and glycerol

c)

Transport oxygen/glucose

d)

Remove and destroy pathogens

e)

Reduce the number of leukocytes

53.

Which of the following is NOT found in the lymphatic system?

a)

Tonsils

b)

Lymph node

c)

Lacteal

d)

Thoracic duct

e)

Heart

54.

Which of the following are the function of lymph node?

a)

Produces lymphocytes

b)

Stores lymphocytes and macrophages

c)

Filters the lymph

d)

Transport lipid

e)

Remove waste products

55.

The condition shown when there is accumulation of interstitial fluid in the body tissue.

a)

Edema

b)

Inflamation

c)

Thrombosis

d)

Blood clot

56.

Special lymphatic vessels that absorb fats and transport them from the digestive tract to the blood are called ____.

a)

Peyer's patch

b)

villi

c)

lymph nodes

d)

lacteals

57.
What part of the lymphatic system filters foreign material from blood and destroys old RBCs?
a)
spleen
b)
lymph nodes
c)
thymus 
d)
lymphatic vessels
58.
How is lymph moved through lymphatic vessels?
a)
Contractions of the small intestine
b)
Blood cells carry lymph through the vessels
c)
Contractions of the heart
d)
Contractions of skeletal muscle around the vessels
59.
Where do T cells mature?
a)
blood
b)
bone marrow
c)
thymus
d)
tonsils
60.
What do scientists call bacteria and viruses that can make people sick?  
a)
diseases
b)
vaccines
c)
antibodies
d)
pathogens
61.

Valves in lymphatic capillaries open when pressure outside the capillary is:

a)

High

b)

Low

c)

In equilibrium with the capillary

62.

Which is LEAST similar to lymph?

a)

Blood

b)

Interstitial fluid

c)

Blood plasma

63.

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to:

a)

cancer cells

b)

bacteria

c)

viruses

d)

large proteins

64.

Lymph enters the bloodstream from the collecting ducts at the:

a)

Aorta

b)

Hepatic Veins

c)

Pulmonary Veins

d)

Subclavian Veins

65.

Choose statements that are TRUE about lymph nodes:

a)

contain B- and T-cell lymphocytes

b)

filter blood

c)

destroy pathogens and cancer cells

d)

produce antibodies

66.

Organ of the lymphatic system that contains blood, is thin-walled and easily damaged:

a)

Thymus

b)

Tonsils

c)

Spleen

d)

Bone Marrow

67.

Lymphatic organ found within walls of small intestine:

a)

Bone Marrow

b)

Peyer's Patches

c)

Spleen

d)

Appendix

68.

What is the name of the fluid inside the lymphatic vessels?

a)

Plasma

b)

Lymph

c)

Blood

d)

Tissue fluid

69.
The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)
a)
Artery
b)
arteriole
c)
vein
d)
capillary
70.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

a)

removes excess fluid from around organs

b)

absorbs/transports fats from the gut

c)

circulates blood around the body

d)

produces leucocytes

71.

Which of the following are responsible for fighting diseases?

a)

Leucocytes

b)

Erythrocytes

c)

Platelets

d)

Lymph

72.

What is the name of the lymphatic tissue found in the back of the throat?

a)

thymus

b)

spleen

c)

tonsils

d)

liver

73.

What name is given to the leucocytes created in the lymphatic system?

a)

lymphocytes

b)

basophils

c)

neutrophils

d)

eosinophils

74.

What do we call the bean-shaped structures that are scattered around the body as part of the lymphatic system?

a)

lymph capillaries

b)

tonsils

c)

spleen

d)

lymph nodes

75.

What is the function of lymph nodes?

a)

carry excess lymph fluid away from tissues

b)

drain lymph back into the circulatory system

c)

filter foreign particles from the lymph

d)

absorb fat from the gut

76.

What do we call the large lymphatic vessels that drain lymph back into the circulatory system?

a)

lymph capillaries

b)

lymph veins

c)

lymph nodes

d)

lymph ducts

77.

Which phrase best describes the structure of lymph capillaries?

a)

strong and thick

b)

thin and leaky

c)

waterproof and tough

d)

solid and sealed

78.
Which of the following states that a specific microorganism causes a specific disease?
a)
cell theory
b)
germ theory
c)
miasma theory
d)
gross theory
79.
Who developed a set of postulates to show a specific microbe caused a specific disease?
a)
Pasteur
b)
Snow
c)
Koch
d)
Lister
80.
Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense?
a)
skin
b)
B cells
c)
sweat
d)
lysozyme
81.
Which type of immunity is found in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates?
a)
innate (nonspecific)
b)
adaptive (specific)
82.
Which of the following secretes histamine?
a)
B cells
b)
macrophages
c)
neutrophils
d)
mast cells
83.
Which antibody is produced during the primary immune response?
a)
IgA
b)
IgG
c)
IgM
d)
IgE
84.
Which antibody is most abundant in the serum? (produced during secondary immune response)
a)
IgA
b)
IgG
c)
IgM
d)
IgE
85.
Which antibody is associated with allergy and worm infections?
a)
IgG
b)
IgA
c)
IgM
d)
IgE
86.
What process coats the antigen with antibody to make it more likely to be phagocytosed?
a)
opsonization
b)
blanketing
c)
immunization
d)
framing
87.
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
a)
swelling
b)
atrophy
c)
heat
d)
redness
88.
Which cells are responsible for producing large quantities of antibodies?
a)
T cells
b)
natural killer cells
c)
plasma cells
d)
macrophages
89.
Which cells kill cancer cells and infected cells?
a)
cytotoxic T cells
b)
B cells
c)
mast cells
d)
eosinophils
90.
Which type of immunity has memory?
a)
innate
b)
adaptive/acquired
91.
What type of immunity is vaccination?
a)
natural passive
b)
natural active
c)
artificial passive
d)
artificial active
92.
Which is a failure of immune tolerance?
a)
autoimmune disorders
b)
allergies
c)
immunodeficiencies
93.
What cell type does HIV target?
a)
cytotoxic T cells
b)
helper T cells
c)
B cells
d)
neutrophils
94.
Which branch of immunity involves B cells?
a)
Cell-mediated
b)
Humoral
95.
A molecule that induces an immune response?
a)
antibody
b)
receptor
c)
antigen
d)
sebum
96.
Which line of defense includes the skin, sweat, mucous membranes, and normal microbiota?
a)
First
b)
Second
c)
Third
97.
Where do T cells mature?
a)
bone marrow
b)
thymus
c)
brain
d)
thyroid
98.
What are the two types of immune systems?
a)
Acquired & Adaptive
b)
Innate & Acquired
c)
Innate & Autoimmune
d)
Red & White Blood Cells
99.
Which cells are responsible for producing large quantities of antibodies?
a)
T cells
b)
natural killer cells
c)
plasma cells
d)
macrophages
100.
Which type of immunity has memory?
a)
innate
b)
adaptive/acquired
101.
Which branch of immunity involves B cells?
a)
Cell-mediated
b)
Humoral
102.
A molecule that induces an immune response?
a)
antibody
b)
receptor
c)
antigen
d)
sebum
103.

What is the function of antibodies within the immune system?

a)

Antibodies kill off any antigen that enters the body.

b)

Antibodies are only made when you are given a vaccination for specific antigens.

c)

Antibodies bind to specific antigens to flag for destruction.

d)

Antibodies are part of an external defense mechanism.

104.

Which of the following statements are TRUE about vaccinations?

a)

Allow B cells to make antibodies for any type of antigen the body comes in contact with.

b)

Triggers the body to make memory cells for specific pathogens.

c)

They are substances prepared from killed or weakened pathogens.

d)

Always allows the body to resist an infectious disease any time it comes into contact with it.

105.

What happens after the second time you are exposed to a pathogen?

a)

The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier.

b)

The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure.

c)

The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine.

d)

The body will know how to fight off the pathogen quickly, because memory cells have been created after the first encounter.

106.

How do Killer T-Cells differ from Plasma B-Cells?

a)

T cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly, while B cells fight pathogens by making antibodies.

b)

T cells only make memory cells, and B cells only make antigens

c)

T cells fight pathogens by making antibodies, while B cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly.

d)

T cells can only fight off pathogens the body has encountered once, and B cells can fight off any pathogen the body comes across.

107.

The blue molecule in this image is a(n) _______.

a)

Antibody

b)

Antigen

c)

Pathogen

d)

Blood cell

108.

The orange molecule in this image is a(n) _______.

a)

Antibody

b)

Antigen

c)

Antibiotic

d)

Blood cell

109.

These cells hep to activate or program certain cells in Humoral AND Cell Mediated Response

a)

helper T cell

b)

mast cell

c)

cytotoxic T cell

d)

plasma cells

110.

A key part of the humoral immune response is

a)

the attack of cytotoxic T cells on infected host cells.

b)

the production of antibodies by plasma cells.

c)

perforation of infected host cells by perforin.

d)

the attack of phagocytes on living pathogens.

111.

Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of

a)

memory cells.

b)

macrophages.

c)

stem cells.

d)

B cells.

112.
What is the job of a cytotoxic "killer" T cell?
a)
make B cells
b)
promote more WBC's 
c)
make more T cells 
d)
kill cells infected by pathogen
113.

If a person has already had chicken pox, why do they generally not get sick a second time?

a)

Memory B and T cells activate the immune system before the virus has a chance to make you sick

b)

Natural killer cells recognize the pathogen quicker

c)

Your 1st line of defense does a better job

114.

What cell marker is used by white blood cells to start a Cell Mediated Repsonse?

a)

An antigen

b)

An Antibody

c)

A MHC

d)

None of the above

115.

The response to an infection. Causes the area to redden, swell, and feel warm.

a)

Fever

b)

Mucus

c)

Dilation

d)

Inflammation

116.

Chemical that causes the blood vessels around the infection to dilate (expand) so that more blood can flow to the infection

a)

Stomach acid

b)

Mucus

c)

Epithelial cells

d)

Histamines

117.

Which is NOT considered FIRST line of defense?

a)

Helper T-Cells

b)

Skin

c)

Hair

d)

Mucous Membranes

118.
What are the two types of immune systems?
a)
Acquired & Adaptive
b)
Innate & Acquired
c)
Innate & Autoimmune
d)
Red & White Blood Cells
119.

What is phagocytosis?

a)

WBCs

b)

When a cells eat other cells

c)

When a cell collapses

d)

When a cell releases nutrients

120.
Which of the following secretes histamine?
a)
B cells
b)
macrophages
c)
neutrophils
d)
mast cells
121.

The innate immune system is...

a)

Always working and doesn't require any special preparation

b)

Needs to be "primed" before it can work to its full effectiveness

c)

Very specific and only defends against a specific pathogen

d)

Not very effective at preventing intruders

122.

This sticky fluid traps any pathogens that try and get in our body

a)

Mucous Lining

b)

Blood

c)

Stomach Acid

d)

Skin

123.
What is the function of innate immune response?
a)
Act very rapid as a first line of defense to eliminate the infection
b)
Trap microbes so they cannot spread in our body freely
c)
Coordinate and support adaptive immunity
d)
All of the above
124.
What category of immune response would sneezing and mucus production fall under?
a)
Innate Immunity
b)
Acquired Immunity
c)
Humoral Immunity
d)
Cell Mediated Immunity
125.
What chemical is released by the immune system in response to an allergen?
a)
Dopamine
b)
Histamine
c)
Insulin
d)
No clue
126.

Cells that provide a physical barrier to resist pathogen invasion, as well as secrete protective substances to discourage the accumulation of pathogens.

a)

Macrophages

b)

White blood cells

c)

Epithelial cells

d)

Helper T Cells

127.
What is the largest outer defense of the body?
a)
Stomach Acid 
b)
Mucous Membranes
c)
White Blood Cells
d)
Skin