Font size
WorksheetsCh. 12-The lymphatic system and body defenses
Total questions: 127
Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins
Where do T cells mature within your body?
spleen
thymus gland
thyroid gland
bone marrow
What is present in tears which serves as an antibacterial agent?
mucous
pepsin
HCl
lysozyme
When cells of your body become damaged, as part of the inflammatory response, they will release
histamine
lysozyme
interferons
T cells
Why can fevers be good for your body?
Growth of bacteria and viruses slows with the increased temperature.
There is reduced iron and zinc (held onto by your liver) in the blood stream, so viruses and bacteria can't spread as effectively.
Phagocytic cells attack more vigorously with the increased temperatures.
All of the above
Which cell type (as part of your innate defense system) attacks and kills cells which have been infected with viruses or bacteria?
T cells
B cells
phagocytes
natural killer cells
What is the most common phagocyte in your body?
natural killer cell
B cell
macrophage
neutrophil
Proteins produced by cells infected with viruses are called
histamine.
interferons.
macrophages.
antibodies.
Which of the following is NOT part of your second line of innate defenses?
tears
gastric juice
mucous membranes
fever
The cell-mediated response is controlled by
helper T cells
B cells
plasma cells
cytotoxic T cells
The humoral response involves mainly
B cells
T cells
phagocytes
macrophages
After a macrophage phagocytizes a pathogen,
it becomes a helper T cell
it becomes a cytotoxic T cell
it becomes an antigen-presenting cell
it dies immediately
What do helper T cells release, which cause cells to start cloning?
interleukin-2
histamine
plasma cells
antibodies
Which type of cell docks with the antigens on the antigen-presenting cell?
helper T cell
cytotoxic T cell
memory B cell
antibodies
Which type of cell produces antibodies?
plasma cells
memory B cells
memory T cells
antibody-producing cells
Which term is given to a person's body launching an immune response against oneself?
allergy
autoimmunity
self-antigen immunity
innate immunity
Once a Helper T cells docks with an antigen-presenting cell (APC), what happens next?
The macrophage engulfs the pathogen.
The Helper T cell releases Interleukin-2.
Cytotoxic T cells vigorously attack cells which are dangerous to the body.
Antibodies are produced by plasma cells.
Which type of cell (of the cell-mediated response) attacks cells that are dangerous to the body?
macrophage
natural killer cell
cytotoxic T cell
helper T cell
Which cells shut down the immune response once it has been removed from the body?
suppressor T cells
helper T cells
cytotoxic T cells
memory T cells
Which of the following would bind to viral antigens, causing them to become deactivated?
macrophages
plasma cells
B cells
antibodies
A microbe that can cause harm is known as a
Pathogen
Pathogon
Virus
Bacteria
Which pathogen is non-living?
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasite/Protist
They are all alive
Which type of pathogen is responsible for causing the flu, chicken pox, and yellow fever?
viruses
parasites
fungi
bacteria
What is the body's first line of defence against infection?
Physical barriers
White blood cells
Blood plasma
Red blood cells
Which of the following are examples of innate (non-specific) immunity?
Skin forms a physical and antiseptic barrier to pathogens
Leukocytes detect the antigens of the E.coli bacterium and produce antibodies
Macrophages engulf bacterial cells at the site of infection
The body produces large numbers of memory cells with specific antibodies
What name is given to the cells lining the trachea (windpipe) that work together to catch and sweep away pathogens trapped in mucus?
Salivary glands & goblet cells
Pancreatic cells & goblet cells
Cilliated epithelial cells & muscle cells
Cilliated epithelial cells & goblet cells
Foreign proteins that gain access to the body through cuts and scrapes, through the digestive or circulatory systems, or through the urinary and reproductive systems are called ____.
mineralocorticoids
immunoglobulins
antigens
antibodies
Special lymphatic vessels that absorb fats and transport them from the digestive tract to the blood are called ____.
peyer"s patch
vili
trabeculae
lacteals
Capsular extensions of the lymph node, which divide the node internally into a series of compartments with germinal centers, are called ____
vili
trabeculae
lymph sinuses
lacteals
Chemicals released by sensitized T lymphocytes to keep us healthy are known as ____.
antigens
macrophages
memory cells
lymphokines
The macrophages of the aggregated lymphatic follicles found in the walls of the small intestine destroy bacteria and prevent the bacteria from infecting and penetrating the walls of the intestine. These aggregated follicles are also known as ____.
Peyer's patches
chyme
chyle
interstitial fluid
Immunity that can be acquired naturally, such as when we are exposed to a bacterial or viral infection, or that can be acquired artificially, such as when we receive a vaccine, is known as ____.
antigen presentation
passive immunity
active immunity
congenital immunity
Cells that are descendants of activated T and B cells produced during an initial immune response, which exist in the body for years, enabling it to respond quickly to future infections, are known as ____.
memory cells
killer B's
suppressor T cells
killer T cells
Lymphocytes that produce antibodies and provide humoral immunity, which is particularly effective against circulating bacterial and viral infections, are called ____.
A lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
D lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
The lymphocytes that kill virus-invaded and cancerous body cells and are also involved in graft rejections are the ____.
B cells
plasma cells
memory cells
killer T cells
The main collecting duct of the lymphatic system is the left lymphatic duct, also known as the ____.
jugular trunk
thoracic duct
subclavian artery
trabeculae
Antigens cause the immune system to produce high molecular weight proteins called immunoglobulins or ____.
antibodies
mineralcocortiocoids
antigens
pathogens
The immunity provided by the T lymphocytes, effective against fungi, parasites, intracellular viral infections, cancer cells, and foreign tissue implants, is known as ____.
humoral immunity
lymphatic immunity
cellular immunity
immunosuppresive immunity
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), found in tissue fluids and plasma, attacks viruses, bacteria, and toxins. It also activates a set of enzymes that attack foreign antigens; these enzymes are known as ____.
chyle
complement
lymphokines
plasma cells
Which of the following is involved with the development of T lymphocytes in the fetus and infants?
adenoids
spleen
tonsils
thymus
Tears from the lacrimal gland and saliva contain an enzyme that destroys bacteria; this enzyme is ____.
lysozyme
chyle
monokines
lysosomes
The fluid, originating from the blood capillary, that is formed in the spaces between the cells is known as:
interstitial fluid
blood
lymph
plasma
Why erythrocyte, platelets and protein plasma cannot be found in the interstitial fluid and lymph?
The size are too big
It can change the shape
It is too small
Red in colour
The structural difference between lymphatic capillary and blood capillary:
Lymph capillary is blind-ended
Lymph capillary is continous
Lymph capillary is thicker
Lymph capillary is green in color
Which of the following is NOT found in the tissue fluid?
Leucocyte
Erythrocyte
Glucose
Oxygen
Choose all that are main functions of the Lymphatic System:
Return excess fluid to bloodstream
Transport fatty acids and glycerol
Transport oxygen/glucose
Remove and destroy pathogens
Reduce the number of leukocytes
Which of the following is NOT found in the lymphatic system?
Tonsils
Lymph node
Lacteal
Thoracic duct
Heart
Which of the following are the function of lymph node?
Produces lymphocytes
Stores lymphocytes and macrophages
Filters the lymph
Transport lipid
Remove waste products
The condition shown when there is accumulation of interstitial fluid in the body tissue.
Edema
Inflamation
Thrombosis
Blood clot
Special lymphatic vessels that absorb fats and transport them from the digestive tract to the blood are called ____.
Peyer's patch
villi
lymph nodes
lacteals
Valves in lymphatic capillaries open when pressure outside the capillary is:
High
Low
In equilibrium with the capillary
Which is LEAST similar to lymph?
Blood
Interstitial fluid
Blood plasma
Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to:
cancer cells
bacteria
viruses
large proteins
Lymph enters the bloodstream from the collecting ducts at the:
Aorta
Hepatic Veins
Pulmonary Veins
Subclavian Veins
Choose statements that are TRUE about lymph nodes:
contain B- and T-cell lymphocytes
filter blood
destroy pathogens and cancer cells
produce antibodies
Organ of the lymphatic system that contains blood, is thin-walled and easily damaged:
Thymus
Tonsils
Spleen
Bone Marrow
Lymphatic organ found within walls of small intestine:
Bone Marrow
Peyer's Patches
Spleen
Appendix
What is the name of the fluid inside the lymphatic vessels?
Plasma
Lymph
Blood
Tissue fluid
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
removes excess fluid from around organs
absorbs/transports fats from the gut
circulates blood around the body
produces leucocytes
Which of the following are responsible for fighting diseases?
Leucocytes
Erythrocytes
Platelets
Lymph
What is the name of the lymphatic tissue found in the back of the throat?
thymus
spleen
tonsils
liver
What name is given to the leucocytes created in the lymphatic system?
lymphocytes
basophils
neutrophils
eosinophils
What do we call the bean-shaped structures that are scattered around the body as part of the lymphatic system?
lymph capillaries
tonsils
spleen
lymph nodes
What is the function of lymph nodes?
carry excess lymph fluid away from tissues
drain lymph back into the circulatory system
filter foreign particles from the lymph
absorb fat from the gut
What do we call the large lymphatic vessels that drain lymph back into the circulatory system?
lymph capillaries
lymph veins
lymph nodes
lymph ducts
Which phrase best describes the structure of lymph capillaries?
strong and thick
thin and leaky
waterproof and tough
solid and sealed
What is the function of antibodies within the immune system?
Antibodies kill off any antigen that enters the body.
Antibodies are only made when you are given a vaccination for specific antigens.
Antibodies bind to specific antigens to flag for destruction.
Antibodies are part of an external defense mechanism.
Which of the following statements are TRUE about vaccinations?
Allow B cells to make antibodies for any type of antigen the body comes in contact with.
Triggers the body to make memory cells for specific pathogens.
They are substances prepared from killed or weakened pathogens.
Always allows the body to resist an infectious disease any time it comes into contact with it.
What happens after the second time you are exposed to a pathogen?
The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier.
The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure.
The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine.
The body will know how to fight off the pathogen quickly, because memory cells have been created after the first encounter.
How do Killer T-Cells differ from Plasma B-Cells?
T cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly, while B cells fight pathogens by making antibodies.
T cells only make memory cells, and B cells only make antigens
T cells fight pathogens by making antibodies, while B cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly.
T cells can only fight off pathogens the body has encountered once, and B cells can fight off any pathogen the body comes across.
The blue molecule in this image is a(n) _______.
Antibody
Antigen
Pathogen
Blood cell
The orange molecule in this image is a(n) _______.
Antibody
Antigen
Antibiotic
Blood cell
These cells hep to activate or program certain cells in Humoral AND Cell Mediated Response
helper T cell
mast cell
cytotoxic T cell
plasma cells
A key part of the humoral immune response is
the attack of cytotoxic T cells on infected host cells.
the production of antibodies by plasma cells.
perforation of infected host cells by perforin.
the attack of phagocytes on living pathogens.
Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of
memory cells.
macrophages.
stem cells.
B cells.
If a person has already had chicken pox, why do they generally not get sick a second time?
Memory B and T cells activate the immune system before the virus has a chance to make you sick
Natural killer cells recognize the pathogen quicker
Your 1st line of defense does a better job
What cell marker is used by white blood cells to start a Cell Mediated Repsonse?
An antigen
An Antibody
A MHC
None of the above
The response to an infection. Causes the area to redden, swell, and feel warm.
Fever
Mucus
Dilation
Inflammation
Chemical that causes the blood vessels around the infection to dilate (expand) so that more blood can flow to the infection
Stomach acid
Mucus
Epithelial cells
Histamines
Which is NOT considered FIRST line of defense?
Helper T-Cells
Skin
Hair
Mucous Membranes
What is phagocytosis?
WBCs
When a cells eat other cells
When a cell collapses
When a cell releases nutrients
The innate immune system is...
Always working and doesn't require any special preparation
Needs to be "primed" before it can work to its full effectiveness
Very specific and only defends against a specific pathogen
Not very effective at preventing intruders
This sticky fluid traps any pathogens that try and get in our body
Mucous Lining
Blood
Stomach Acid
Skin
Cells that provide a physical barrier to resist pathogen invasion, as well as secrete protective substances to discourage the accumulation of pathogens.
Macrophages
White blood cells
Epithelial cells
Helper T Cells
