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A/P 2 Urinary System Dr. Peters TTC

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Select all of the organs that contribute to the urinary system

a)

2 kidneys

b)

2 ureters

c)

1 urinary bladder

d)

1 urethra

e)

1 liver

2.

Which organ of the urinary system manufactures urine?

a)

Kidneys

b)

Bladder

c)

Ureters

d)

Urethra

3.

Which organ of the urinary system transports urine?

a)

Kidneys

b)

Bladder

c)

Ureters

d)

Urethra

4.

Which organ of the urinary system holds urine?

a)

Kidneys

b)

Bladder

c)

Ureters

d)

Urethra

5.

Which organ of the urinary is a conduit from the bladder to outside?

a)

Kidneys

b)

Bladder

c)

Ureters

d)

Urethra

6.

Kidneys receive ___ % of hte cardiac output.

a)

15%

b)

20%

c)

25%

d)

30%

7.

Blood supply to the kidneys is from the

a)

renal arteries

b)

hepatic arteries

c)

celiac trunk

d)

abdominal aorta

8.

The venous drainage occurs from the

a)

hepatic portal vein

b)

inferior vena cava

c)

renal veins

d)

none of the above

9.

Select all of the following that are correct in describing the kidneys

a)

about 5" x 2 ½" x 1" in size

b)

located in the superior part of the abdominal cavity

c)

located in the posterior part of the abdominal cavity

d)

is retroperitoneal

e)

can be palpated anteriorly

10.

Select the major parts of the kidney.

a)

renal cortex

b)

renal medulla

c)

renal columns

d)

renal or medullary pyramids

e)

papillae

11.

Select all the major parts of the kidney.

a)

major calyx

b)

minor calyx

c)

renal hilum

d)

renal pelvis

12.

Select all of the following kidney functions.

a)

Excretion of:

nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid, creatinine)

toxins and drugs

b)

Regulate H2O and solute balance (Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca++, HCO3-, HPO4-2)

c)

Respond to Blood pressure and blood volume agents (ADH, ANP, Aldosterone)

d)

regulation of:

acid-base balance

erythrocyte productiopn

blood volume and blood pressure

e)

help to maintain blood Ca2+ levels (activation of vitamin D)

13.

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the

a)

major calyx

b)

minor calyx

c)

nephron

d)

Bowman's capsule

14.

Select all of the following that are describe the nephron.

a)

there are about 1 million per kidney

b)

most are cotical

c)

contains renal corpuscle

d)

is part of the urinary bladder

15.

Select all of the following that are components of a nephron.

a)

glomerulus

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

proximal convoluted tubule

d)

distal convoluted tubule

e)

loop of henle

16.

The renal tubule consists of

a)

Bowman's capsule

b)

Proximal convoluted tubule

c)

distal convoluted tubule

d)

loop of henle

e)

renal corpuscle

17.

The glomerulus and the Bowman's capusle are part of the

a)

Renal tubule

b)

Renal corpuscle

c)

Collecting ducts

d)

none of the above

18.

Where several nephrons terminate and empty their contents

a)

Renal tubule

b)

Renal corpuscle

c)

Collecting ducts

d)

none of the above

19.

Select the processes involved in urine production.

a)

Filtration

b)

Reabsorption

c)

Secretion

d)

Excretion

e)

absorption

20.

Occurs at the glomerulus, liquid from ↑ pressure to ↓ pressure. Water from the plasma, molecules < 3nm in diameter, +/-180 liters/day get through.

a)

Filtration

b)

Reabsorption

c)

Secretion

21.

Occurs from the lumen of the PCT, LOH and DCT, fluid goes back into the circulation via the peritubular capillaries at +/- 178-179 liters/day.

a)

Filtration

b)

Reabsorption

c)

Secretion

22.

Tubular function, adding substances (ions, wastes, drugs and toxins) to the filtrate in the lumen

a)

Filtration

b)

Reabsorption

c)

Secretion

23.

Place the steps in blood flow through the kidney in the correct order.

a) peritubular Cap b) interlobular V. c) interlobular A.

d) Afferent arteriole e) Aorta f) arcuate V. g) lobar A.

h) Renal A. i) efferent arteriole j) renal V. k) glomerulus

l) Inf Vena Cava m) segmental A. n) arcuate A.

a)

e, h, m, g, c, n, c, d, k, i, a, b, f, b, j, l

b)

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, a, l

c)

b, d, f, h, j, l, n, a, c, e, g, i, k, m, n, l

d)

none of the above

24.

Stimulates increased production of erythropoietin -> increased RBC production in bone marrow

a)

renal hypoxia

b)

vitamin d3

c)

ADH

d)

Angiotensin II

e)

Aldosterone

25.

Converted by kidney into Calcitriol -> increased Ca2+ absorption from small intestine

a)

renal hypoxia

b)

vitamin d3

c)

ADH

d)

Angiotensin II

e)

Aldosterone

26.

from hypothalamus, promotes increase H2O absorption from the DCT and CD

a)

renal hypoxia

b)

vitamin d3

c)

ADH

d)

Angiotensin II

e)

Aldosterone

27.

Renin-> Angiotensin I -> _____, stimulates increased ADH, and production of aldosterone.

a)

renal hypoxia

b)

vitamin d3

c)

ADH

d)

Angiotensin II

e)

Aldosterone

28.

From the adrenal cortex, promotes increased absorption of Na+ from the DCT and CD.

a)

renal hypoxia

b)

vitamin d3

c)

ADH

d)

Angiotensin II

e)

Aldosterone

29.

From parathyroid gland, promotes increased Ca2+ absorption from DCT.

a)

Parathyroid hormone

b)

thyroid hormone

c)

ANP

d)

ADH

30.

From the atria, blocks the aldosterone effect iin the DCT, promoting increased Na+ loss from body.

a)

Parathyroid hormone

b)

thyroid hormone

c)

ANP

d)

ADH

31.

The glomerulus is both fed and drained by ___.

a)

Capillaries

b)

Arteries

c)

Arterioles

d)

venules

32.

Which of the following is correct regarding the feeding and draining of the glomerulus?

a)

They are fed by larger afferent arterioles and drained by smaller efferent arterioles

b)

They are fed by smaller afferent arterioles and drained by larger efferent arterioles

c)

They are fed by larger afferent arterioles and drained by smaller venules

d)

They are fed by capillary beds and drained by efferent venules

33.

Due to larger afferent arterioles feeding the glomerulus and smaller efferent arterioles draining the same glomerulus, the blood pressure within is

a)

higher than other body capillaries

b)

lower than other body capillaries

34.

Due to the higher blood pressure within the glomerulus

a)

it forces more fluid and solutes out of the Bowman's capsule and into the blood

b)

It forces more fluid and solutes out of the blood and into Bowman's capsule

c)

It forces less fluid and solutes out of the blood and into Bowman's capsule

d)

it forces less fluid and solutes out of the Bowman's capsule and into the blood

35.

The peritubular capillaries arise from the efferent arterioles of the glomeruli and have the following characteristics (select all that apply)

a)

low pressure

b)

high pressure

c)

porous

d)

smooth

e)

adapted for absorption

36.

The ____ arise from the efferent arterioles of the glomeruli and are low pressure, porous, and adapted for absorption.

a)

peritubular veins

b)

peritubular venules

c)

peritubular arterioles

d)

peritubular capillaries

37.

The glomerular filtrate is basically

a)

blood plasma minus the proteins

b)

blood plasma including the proteins

c)

blood plasma

d)

water

38.

Nitrogenous wastes that are not reabsorbed from the tubules include (select all that apply)

a)

urea

b)

uric acid

c)

creatinine

d)

sodium

e)

potassium

39.

A vast majority, ⅔, of reabsorption occurs

a)

in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

b)

in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

c)

in the collecting ducts (CD)

d)

in the glomerulus

40.

Most secretion occurs in

a)

the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

b)

the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

c)

in the collecting duct (CD)

d)

both the DCT and CD

e)

both the PCT and CD

41.

In 24 hours the kidneys filter approximately ___ liters of plasma and produce approximately ____ liters of urine.

a)

180 L; 5 L

b)

100 L ; 2 L

c)

180 L ; 1.5 L

d)

100 L; 1.5 L

42.

Upon arrival to the collecting duct (CD), the filtrate has lost (select all that apply)

a)

most of the H2O

b)

all nutrients

c)

any ions necessary for the body's utilization

d)

nitrogenous wastes

43.

Upon arrival to the collecting duct (CD) the filtrate still has (select all that apply)

a)

most of the H2O

b)

all nutrients

c)

any ions necessary for the body's utilization

d)

nitrogenous wastes

e)

unnecessary substances

44.

Select all of the following that accurately describe urine.

a)

specific gravity 1.001-1.035

b)

urine is 95+% H2O

c)

pH is slightly acidic (+/-6)

d)

can be clear and pale yellow

e)

should be brown

45.

Select all of the following that are normal urinary solutes

a)

Na+

b)

K+

c)

urea

d)

uric acid

e)

glucose

46.

Select all of the following that are normal urinary solutes

a)

creatinine

b)

ammonia

c)

HCO3-

d)

bile

e)

proteins

47.

Select all of the following that are NOT normal urinary solutes

a)

RBC's and WBC's (pus)

b)

Hgb

c)

glucose

d)

bile

e)

proteins

48.

___ are things that induce ___ urinary output.

a)

diuretics; increased

b)

diuretics; decreased

c)

antidiuretics; no change in

d)

none of the above

49.

Select all of the following that are diuretics (induce increased urinary output)

a)

caffeine

b)

alcohol

c)

ACE inhibitors

d)

Mannitol

50.

Which of the following are diuretics (induce increased urinary output)

a)

Lasix

b)

spironolactone

c)

thiazides

d)

all of the above

51.

The ______ contains 3 layers of smooth muscle in it's wall and is referred to as the detrusor msucle.

a)

Ureters

b)

Urethra

c)

Urinary Bladder

d)

Kidneys

52.

The urinary bladder wall contains 3 layers of smooth muscle called

a)

detrusor muscle

b)

papillary muscle

c)

renal muscle

d)

none of the above

53.

The capacity of the urinary bladder can be up to _____

a)

0.5 L

b)

1 L

c)

1.5 L

d)

2 L

54.

The normal urge to urinate or __________ happens with approximately 400 cc's of urine.

a)

micturate

b)

mitigate

c)

uration

d)

none of the above

55.

The normal urge to micturate happens when the bladder contains approximately ______.

a)

400 cc

b)

500 cc

c)

1000 cc

d)

200 cc

56.

The bladder outlet has 2 sets of

a)

sphincter muscles

b)

cardiac muscles

c)

orbicularis muscles

d)

all of the above

57.

The bladder contains 2 sets of sphincter muscles known as

a)

internal and external

b)

inside and outside

c)

inspirational and expirational

d)

none of the above

58.

The internal sphincter muscle of the bladder is

a)

smooth muscle and involuntary

b)

skeletal muscle and voluntary

c)

smooth muscle and voluntary

d)

skeletal muscle and involuntary

59.

The external sphincter muscle of the bladder is

a)

smooth muscle and involuntary

b)

skeletal muscle and voluntary

c)

smooth muscle and voluntary

d)

skeletal muscle and involuntary

60.

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is produced by the___ and secreted from the _____.

a)

hypothalamus, posterior pituitary

b)

thalamus, anterior pituitary

c)

pons, posterior pituitary

d)

parathryroid gland, anterior pituitary

61.

Erythropoietin is produced in

a)

posterior pituitary

b)

kidney

c)

atria

d)

adrenal cortex

e)

hypothalamus

62.

Erythropoietin is stimulated by: (select all that apply)

a)

increased RBC and increased oxygen levels

b)

hypoxemia (decreased oxygen in blood)

c)

hypoxia (decreased oxygen in tissues)

d)

decreased RBC

63.

Select all that are true of Erythropoietin

a)

increases blood volume

b)

increases blood pressure

c)

stimulates bone marrow production of RBC's

d)

decreased blood volume

e)

decreased blood pressure

64.

Aldosterone is produced in

a)

kidney

b)

adrenal cortex

c)

hypothalamus

d)

atria

65.

Aldosterone is stimulated by (select all that apply)

a)

the presence of angiotensin II

b)

decreased serum Na+

c)

increased Na+

d)

Increased Ca2+

66.

Select all that are true of aldosterone

a)

stimulates reabsorption of Na+ from the DCT and CD

b)

increased NaCl in blood plasma (Cl- follows Na+)

c)

Increased H2O in blood plasma (follows salt NaCl)

d)

increased Blood volume

e)

Increased blood pressure

67.

Select all that are true regarding Renin

a)

stimulated by a decrease in Blood pressure

b)

produced by the kidney

c)

secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus

d)

circulates in blood to liver -> converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I -> circulates in blood to lungs(mostly) -> in lungs angiotensin converting enzyme converts angiotensin I -> angiotensin II

68.

Angiotensin II (select all that apply)

a)

produced by a conversion of renin stimulating, angiotensinogen to convert to angiotensin I -> goes to lungs and and stimulated by angiotensin converting enzyme to convert to-> angiotensin II

b)

stimulated by decreased blood presure

c)

stimulates increase in blood volume, + inotropic and chronotropic effect on heart, increase in thirst, increase in blood pressure

d)

stimulates antidiuretic hormone

e)

increased vasoconstriction, stronger heart contraction, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure

69.

Antidiuretic hormone

a)

is produced by the hypothalamus

b)

is secreted by the posterior pituitary

c)

stimulates increased water reabsorption from DCT and CD

d)

increases blood volume

e)

increases blood pressure

70.

Select all that are true of atrial naturetic hormone

a)

blocks activity of ADH and aldosterone

b)

increases loss of Na+ in urine (Cl-) follows

c)

produced by right and left atria

d)

stimulated by increased stretch of the heart

71.

Which of the following are included in the glomerular FILTRATE?

a)

H2O

b)

salts (NaCl)

c)

HCO3-

d)

H+

e)

urea

72.

Which of the following are included in the glomerular FILTRATE?

a)

glucose

b)

amino acids

c)

some drugs

73.

Select all that are reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule.

a)

NaCl

b)

HCO3-

c)

Glucose and amino acids

d)

H2O

e)

urea

74.

Select all that are secreted into the proximal convoluted tubule

a)

some poisons

b)

H+

c)

NaCl

d)

glucose/amino acids

75.

What is reabsorbed from the descending loop of henle?

a)

Water

b)

NaCl

c)

K+

d)

urea

76.

Which of the following are reabsorbed from the ascending loop of Henle?

a)

NaCl

b)

H2O

c)

urea

d)

K+

77.

At the end of the PCT and beginning of the LOH about ____ or ___ has of water and NaCl have been reabsorbed.

a)

⅓ or 33%

b)

⅔ or 65%

c)

¼ or 25 %

d)

½ or 50%

78.

Select all that are reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule.

a)

NaCl

b)

HCO3-

c)

some drugs

d)

H+

79.

By the end of the PCT and the beginning of the LOH ___ of glucose and amino acids, and ____ of HCO3- and ____ K+ are reabsorbed.

a)

100%, 90%, 10%

b)

100%, 10%, 90%

c)

100%, 90%, 50%

d)

50%, 90%, 100%

80.

At the end of the LOH and the beginning of the DCT 80% of ____ and 90% of ___ have been reabosrbed.

a)

NaCl, H2O

b)

H2O, NaCl

c)

glucose, urea

d)

urea, glucose

81.

Select all that are reabsorbed from the collecting duct

a)

H2O, NaCl, uric acid

b)

Urea, Uric acid, creatinine

c)

H2O, NaCl, urea

d)

urea, uric acid, NaCl

82.

Activity sites for PTH are at the

a)

end of the PCT

b)

end of the LOH

c)

end of the DCT

d)

in the CD

83.

Activity sites for ANP are at the

a)

end of the PCT

b)

end of the LOH

c)

end of the DCT

d)

in the CD of the cortex

84.

Activity sites for ADH are at the

a)

end of the PCT

b)

end of the LOH

c)

end of the DCT

d)

in the CD of the cortex

85.

(Tm) or ___ is the upper limit of reabsorption of a solute from filtrate (saturation of carriers)

a)

tubular maximum

b)

tubular minimum reabsorption

c)

Tubular maximum reabsorption

d)

Transport Maximum

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