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WorksheetsHigher Unit 3
Total questions: 94
Worksheet time: 47mins
Why are chemical fertilisers added to the soil?
To protect the crops.
To make the crops stronger.
To increase food yield.
To make the crops disease resistance.
What is the term used to describe fertilisers washing into waterways?
Washing
Leaching
Running
Polluting
What can fertilisers cause when they are leach into waterways?
algal bloom
genetic variation in fish
death of aquatic life
decrease in plant life
Which of the following is not true about algal blooms?
They cause a bacteria increase in the water.
They cause species in the waterway to decrease.
They cause a decrease in oxygen.
They cause an increase in genetic variation.
What are pesticides manufactured to do?
kill pests to stop from eating the crops.
Kill predators higher up in the food chain by accumulation.
To make the pests disease resistant.
To make the plants drought resistant.
Bioaccumulation of pesticides means that the pesticides will...
decrease in an organism
increase in an organisms as move up food chain
stay the same in an organism
increase in an organisms as move down food chain
Biological control is...
the use of a living organism as a predator to kill pests
the use of a living organism to interbreed with a species.
the use of a living organism to eat an invasive species.
can become an invasive species
The use of ladybirds to eat aphids is an example of...
a biological control
a niche
a hungry organism
a ecosystem
What is not a type of biological control?
parasite
pathogen
predator
paracetamol
A species which is used to determine levels of pollution
Indicator Species
Pollution Species
Keystone Species
Algal Bloom
What is definition of an Indicator Species
Algal Blooom
a species which causes a decrease in biodiversity
species whose presence or absence indicates the level of pollution
a species which is killed off by pollution
Which is not an example of an indicator species
Lichen (moss) to show quality of air
Sludgeworms found in water with low O2 concentration
Mayfly found in water with high O2 concentration
Bee which pollinates flowers
What is plant and animal breeding for?
To improve characteristics for more sustainable food production.
To maintain the chromosome complement.
The production of food using farming techniques that protect the environment.
To improve ability of human populations to access food of sufficient quality and quantity.
What is NOT a reason for plant field trials to be carried out?
To compare the performance of different cultivars of plants.
To evaluate GM crops.
To produce cultivars with higher yields.
To investigate the performance of two different cultivars under the same environmental conditions.
What is NOT a field trial design decision?
Randomisation of treatment.
Number of replicates.
Selection of treatments.
Biological control.
What is true breeding?
The different forms of a gene.
Breeding plants and animals with the best characteristics.
All of the offspring must have the same phenotype.
Selected plants or animals are bred for several generations.
What is a deleterious allele?
An allele that is lost over several generations.
A recessive allele.
A harmful allele.
A homozygous allele.
What is NOT a result of inbreeding depression?
Decline in fertility
Decline in size.
Decline in vigour.
Decline in homozygosity.
What does 'f1' represent?
First generation
Hybrids
Parents
Second Generation
What is genetic sequencing?
The magnification of DNA under a microscope.
The process by which scientists remove unnecessary codons from the DNA sequence.
The artificial formation of chromosomes.
A process that allows scientists to determine the exact sequence of DNA.
Why is the Bt toxin gene inserted into plants?
For adapting to the plant's surroundings
For pest resistance
To prevent resistance to other toxins
For disease resistance
Inbreeding depression can cause an increase in the frequency of individuals who are...
Homozygous for recessive, deleterious alleles.
Heterozygous for recessive, deleterious alleles.
Homozygous for dominant, deleterious alleles.
Heterozygous for dominant, deleterious alleles.
A community with a dominant species has a
higher species diversity
lower species diversity
lower relative abundance
lower species richness
Which is not a component of biodiversity
Species Diversity
Allele Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
Genetic DIversity
Genetic diversity is the _______ and _______ of all the ________ within a population.
number / frequency / alleles
number / frequency / genes
range / abundance / genes
number / abundance / alleles
Species diversity comprises the species _________ and the relative _________ of each species
diversity / abundance
richness / abundance
richness / frequency
diversity / range
The bottleneck effect describes when small ______ may lose the _______ variation necessary to enable evolutionary responses to _______ change.
large / genetic / atmospheric
small / genetic / isolation
small / genetic / environmental
large / phenotype / environmental
Why can loss of genetic diversity can be critical for many species?
as inbreeding can result in poor reproductive rates
as outbreeding can result in poor reproductive rates
as inbreeding can result in reduced biodiversity
as inbreeding can result in decrease of allele frequency
Degradation of the edges of habitat fragments results in _______ competition between species as the fragment becomes _______
decreased / smaller
decreased / larger
increased / smaller
increased/ larger
Isolated fragments and smaller fragments exhibit a lower
competition
genetic diversity
species abundance
species diversity
Habitat corridors allow movement of animals between fragments, increasing access to ______ and choice of ______
mates / habitat
habitat / mates
food / mates
food / habitat
Which term describes a species which has been intentionally or accidentally moved to area
Introduced
Naturalised
Invasive
Migrant
Which term describes a species which has become established within wild communities
Introduced
Naturalised
Invasive
Migrant
Why do invasive species spread rapidly?
Due to increase in prey
Due to no predators
Due to hybridisation
Due to being free of pathogens
Which answers explain why invasive species decrease biodiversity?
Out competing native species
decreasing competition
hybridisation with native species
natural selection
A symbiotic relationship can be described as parasitic when
when the donor is harmed and parasite benefits
when the host is harmed and parasite beneifts
when both host and parasite benefit
when a vector is used to transmit the parasite
Parasites require a host
to be transmitted from host to host
to complete their lifecyle
to harm the host
as they have a limited metabolism
A vector is when an organism
spreads the parasite
transmits the parasite from host to host
carries the parasite
is infected with a parasite
a parasite benefits by
killing the host
being transmitted by the host
taking resources from the host
reproducing in the host
How can parasites survive periods of time between hosts
in vectors
as a resistant stage
by reducing metabolism
by gaining resources and harming the host
which is not an example of mutualism
chlrorplasts in plant cells
Coral Polyp and Zooxanthella
Malaria & mosquito
cows & cellulose digesting micro-organisms.
Name the type of reproduction which takes place in the secondary host
Sexual
Asexual
Binary
Mitosis
An altruistic behaviour harms the ______ individual but benefits the ________.
recipient / donor
host / recipient
donor / recipient
host / vector
Altruism between closely related individuals is called
Natural Selection
Kin Selection
Endosymbiosis
Social Insects
How does the donor benefit in kin selection?
increased chances of shared genes surviving in recipients offspring
gains a blood meal
increased chances of shared genes surviving in own offspring
receives altruism back at a later date
Reciprocal Altruism is when
the recipient doesn't benefit
the host doesn't benefit
the host expects the recipient to reverse roles in future
the donor expects the recipient to reverse roles in future
Sterile workers help to raise relatives due to
altruism
kin selection
social hierarchy
shared genes
Primates learn complex social behaviour due to
social hierarchy
long period of parental care
experienced leadership
shared genes
A ranked order
increases chances of shared genes being passed on
ensures experienced leadership
reduces conflict which saves energy
allows alliances to form
Individuals can increase social status by
sharing genes
ensuring experienced leadership
reducing conflict to save energy
forming alliances
Name the components of biodiversity:
genetic diversity
gene frequency
species diversity
ecosystem diversity
Genetic diversity is the _______ and ________ of all the alleles within a population.
variety / frequency
number / frequency
range / number
richness / number
Species diversity is the _________ of different species and ________ of each species in the ecosystem
number / proportion
frequency / proportion
frequency / number
frequency / adaptations
The species richness of an ecosystem is the
number of different species
frequency of different
competition between species
proportion of each species
The the relative abundance of an ecosystem is the
number of different species
frequency of different
competition between species
proportion of each species
Ecosystem diversity refers to the ______ of distinct ecosystems within a defined area
Frequency
Proportions
Number
Types
small populations may lose the genetic variation necessary to enable evolutionary responses to environmental change
Natural Selection
Genetic Diversity
Bottleneck Effect
Genetic Drift
Degradation of the edges of habitat fragments results in ______ between species
social hierarchy
interbreeding
decreased compeition
increased competition
What term describes non-native species
French
Naturalised
Introduced
Invasive
What term describes non-native species which become established within wild communities
French
Naturalised
Introduced
Invasive
What term describes naturalised species that spread rapidly and eliminate native species
French
Naturalised
Introduced
Invasive
Select reasons why populations of Invasive species increase rapidly
no pathogens
free of the predators
free of parasites
free of compeitiors
Select all the ways in which Invasive species reduce biodiversity
prey on native species
hybridise with native species
Destroy Habitats
Out compete Native species
Hybridisation between the Scottish Wildcat and domestic cats
decreases biodiversity
increases biodiversity
increases parasitic vectors
reduces field mice populations
Degradation of the edges of habitat fragments results in
increased competition
increased hybridsation
increased invasive species
Increased biodiversity
What term is not connected to food security?
Availability
agriculture
Sustainability
accessibility
Which is not a factor which increases food production
breeding higher yield cultivars
use of fertilizer
crop protection
harvest index
Role of chlorophyll
use light energy to excite electrons
start of electron transport chain
extend range of wavelengths absorbed
transmit wavelengths
Role of accessory pigments
use light energy to excite electrons
start of electron transport chain
extend range of wavelengths absorbed
transmit wavelengths
What happens to the light energy absorbed by carotenoids?
used to excite electrons
passes light energy to cholorphyll
extends range of wavelengths absorbed
pass energy to chlorphyll
what is a biological control
type of pesticide
use of a living organism to decrease pest population
another type of chemical
use of a living organism to increase pest population
Which is NOT a biological control
parasite
predator
pathogen
lymphocyte
Invertebrate pests can damage crops by
landing on them
competing with them for resources
transmitting disease
reducing welfare
which organism does not cause plant disease
phagocyte
bacteria
fungi
virus
What is role of Rubisco
joins C02 to RUBp
joins C02 to oxaloacetate
joins RUBp to G3P
adds Hydrogen to 3-phosphoglycerate
What is not a fate of glucose produced in photosynthesis
stored as a carbohydrate
converted into cellulose
used in biosynthetic pathways
stored at glycogen
Crops yield more food per unit area than livestock because..
you can grow crops in a wider variety of areas
you can grow crops in a narrower variety of areas
energy is lost between trophic levels
livestock require higher welfare standards
Systemic pesticides
only kill some pests
kill all pests
spread through vascular system of plant
as systemic
Selective pesticide chemicals
kill all pests
are useful against annual weeds
are useful against perennial weeds
can damage crops
What is the risk of using a biological control
could become invasive
could reduce the prey population
could damage crops
could increased need for chemicals
What is the benefits of using biological controls?
reduce use of pesticides
increases integrated pest mamangment
reduces need of cultural controls
reduces use of fertilizers
What characteristic of chemical pesticides causes them to accumulate in tissues of organisms
magnify as move up torphoc levels
As predator eats many of prey
loses energy as move up trophic levels
they are presistent
What is not a characteristic of annual weeds
food storage organs
high seed out put
high seed viability
broad leaves
What is not a characteristic of perennial weeds
food storage organs
high seed output
long life time
vegetative reproduction
What is not a role of the high energy electron in electron transport chain of chloroplast
photolysis
power ATP synthase
transfer Hydrogen to calvin cycle
pass along chain of tranporters
What is not a feature of Integrated Pest management?
Crop rotation
use of pesticides
use of biological controls
GM crops
Why should field trials be random?
to increase reliability
eliminate bias
to increase validity
to take into account variation across sample sites
Why should field trials be replicated?
to increase reliability
eliminate bias
to increase validity
to take into account variation across sample sites
Which is an indicator of stereotypy
biting
hyper aggression
chewing bars
repetitive head movements
Which is an indicator of abnormal activity
biting
hyper aggression
chewing bars
repetitive head movements
what is an indicator of misdirected behaviour
abandoning offspring
over plucking
repetitive head movements
pacing
Inbreeding can lead to
promotion of heterozygosity
reduction of homozygosity
mutations
accumulation of recessive deleterious alleles
Inbreeding is used to
promotion of heterozygosity
reduction of homozygosity
accumulate recessive alleles
promote homozygosity
Which is an not enzyme in photosynthesis
Rubisco
NADP
Dehydrogenase
ATP synthase
