DNA and proteins that have the appearance of thin threads.

A structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones.

Identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.

Protein molecules of chromatin.

A constricted region of a chromosome where sister chromatids attach.

The primary microtubule organizing center of the cell that generates the spindle.

The middle of the spindle where the spindle overlap.

Array of microtubules found on the poles of cells.

Ring of actin fibers draws the cell membrane in two leading to cytokinesis.

A collection of vesicles produced by the Golgi that eventually become a new cell membrane between the nuclei of a divided plant cell.

A rapidly dividing mammalian cell, such as an adult stem cell, typically take only a few hours to complete the cell cycle.

Plant cells have a centrosome, but lack centrioles.

Proper growth signals must be present; the integrity of the cell's DNA is checked; p53 can stop the cell cycle and initiate repair or apoptosis.

Cell verifies that DNA has replicated, DNA damage is fixed (if exposed to sun or X-rays).

Cell cycle hesitates between metaphase and anaphase to make sure all chromosomes are attached to the spindle.

A molecule that stimulates or inhibits and event in the cell.

Remove phosphates from ATP and add it to another molecule

Proteins only present during the cell cycle. These combine with kinases to activate proteins that drive the cell cycle as well as an enzyme that destroys that cyclin.

Programmed cell death.

Body cells.

Tumor that is encapsulated prevent cancerous cells from spreading.

The use of high energy sources to damage the DNA of rapidly growing cells.

The use of chemicals to damage the DNA of rapidly growing cells.

The use of drugs to block signals necessary for the continued growth and division of cancer cells.

Modifies the receptor for estrogen so that this hormone cannot bind and promote the cell cycle.

Extracted from the bark of the Pacific Yew, this substance prevents the proper formation of spindle.

First discovered in the periwinkle, this compound prevents spindle from forming.

The formation of male reproductive cells.

The two sister chromatids that remain after meiosis I.

The result of synapsis.

Homologous chromosomes fail to properly separate.

A cell that contains three copies of one type of chromosome.

A cell that contains one copy of a particular chromosome.

An inactive X-chromosome that appears as a dark staining spot along the margin of the nucleus of a female cell.

Trisomy 21. Disorder characterized by short stature, an eyelid fold, stubby fingers, and wide gap between the first and second toe, large, fissured tongue; round head; palm crease; and mental disabilities that can range from mild to severe.

45, XO. Female with a single X chromosome. Individuals are short, broad chested, have a webbed neck, do not undergo puberty or breast development.

47, XXY. Males with underdeveloped testes and prostate gland. No facial hair and modest breast development. Large hands and feet along with very long arms. Slow to learn but not mentally handicap unless they inherit more then 2 X chromosomes.

Particular location along a chromosome.

Two identical alleles

Heterozygote is an intermediate phenotype between either homozygote.

When a trait is controlled by two or more sets of alleles.

A single gene having more than one affect.

Which variable will determine the coat color in Himalayan rabbits?

Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light. This is an example of

Sickle cell disease is caused by a single mutation in the DNA of a particular gene. A person with this disease has red blood cells that lose their original donut shape and form a sickle shape. People with this disorder suffer from a variety of symptoms such as low energy levels, blood clots, and strokes. This is an example of

The garden pea was a good model for Mendel's genetics experiments. Which of the following is NOT true regarding this model organism?

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the law of segregation?

Alleles are

If a heterozygous dominant tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of tall: short plants?

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype, FFGg?

In a dihybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous, the phenotypic ratio is

Martha has a widow's peak and attached earlobes (both caused by dominant traits). Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Martha's genotype?

Martha has widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. If Martha marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes?

A cow with black and white patches is produced from a white bull and a black cow. This is an example of

A woman with Type AB blood marries a man with Type B blood whose mother was type O. If they have children, what are all the possible blood types for these individuals?

A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?

A red-eyed male Drosophila mates with a red-eyed female Drosophila. One of the female's parents had white eyes. What proportion of the male offspring will have white eyes?

Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait, which leads to softening of the bones which can cause fractures and deformities. Rickets is often due to a deficiency of vitamin D, however, with vitamin-D resistant rickets, ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective. Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease; however, Maria's father has the disease. Maria marries a man that does not have the disease. What is the probability that they will have a daughter that has the disease?

Linked genes

The distance between the alleles for one trait and the alleles for a second trait are called

Both parents are heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease (an autosomal recessive disorder). Three children in a row were born with Tay-Sachs disease. What is the chance that a fourth child will have Tay-Sachs disease?

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance?

Particular location along a chromosome.

The alleles received at fertilization

A single gene having more than one affect.

Part of a chromosome is lost during DNA replication.

A segment of a chromosome is copied.

Part of a chromosome breaks off, flips, and reattaches to a chromosome changing its code.

Part of another chromosome is inserted into a non homologous chromosome.

Which molecules make up the backbone of DNA (there are two)?

When DNA is replicated, _____. (check all that apply)

tRNA is found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Where are ribosomes found in a cell? Check all that apply.

What function do ribosomes perform for the cell?

How many mRNA codons can occupy the ribosome at a time?

What do tRNA's deliver to the ribosome?

When you were linking amino acids together to build a protein, eventually there was no tRNA that would match the mRNA sequence. This is ended the production of the protein. This is called ___.

A mutation in which one base (letter) in the mRNA sequence is replaced with another (such as Guanine being replaced by Uracil).

Deoxyribose

Phosphate

Adenine

Thymine

Guanine

Cytosine

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When DNA replicates, which of these enzymes directs the reassembly of each half of the DNA strand into two new strands?

Is this a model of DNA or RNA?

Is this a model of DNA or RNA?

When RNA is made from DNA during transcription, this enzyme is responsible for building the mRNA strand.

Which class of nitrogen bases are larger molecules: Purines or Pyrimidines?

Which of these is NOT part of a nucleotide?

A homologous pair of chromosomes are two chromosomes of the same _

The structure that holds a duplicated homologous chromosome together (seen in the illustration below and labeled "Q" is called the _.

Most onion cells you observed using the online resource were in _, since it is the longest phase in the cell cycle.

The man credited with the formulation of the basic laws of heredity still used by geneticists today is _

If yellow seeds (Q) are dominant and green seeds (q) are recessive, what is the expected phenotypes ratio in a cross between two plants that are both heterozygous (Qq).

What is the genotype of the yellow parent?

Which chromosome group are these? Large chromosomes with centromeres in the center.

Which chromosome group are these? Large chromosomes with centromeres slightly off center.

Which chromosome group are these? Mid-size chromosomes with centromeres slightly off center.

Which chromosome group are these? Smaller chromosomes with centromeres near one end giving them a bottle like appearance.

Which chromosome group are these? Small chromosomes with centromeres in the center

Which chromosome group are these? Small chromosomes with centromeres near the end of the chromosome giving a bottle like appearance.

Humans have 46 pairs of chromosomes.

Which chromosome group is the female "X" chromosome found?

The male "Y" chromosome is found in this chromosome group.