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Biology Semester 1 Final Exam Practice

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 2hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Robert was curious how fertilizer would affect pea seed germination and growth. He hypothesized that peas planted in soil mixed with fertilizer would grow faster than peas planted in plain soil because fertilizer supplies plants with nutrients that help them grow. He prepared two containers of soil and planted 30 peas in each container. In one container he mixed in the recommended amount of fertilizer. He gave each container the same amount of water and sunlight each day. He recorded how many seeds germinated each day, and averaged how long it took the plants to begin producing pea pods. His results are shown below: Which investigation will best add to further specify Robert’s understanding of how fertilizer affects seed germination?

a)

An experiment in which seeds are planted in soils with different amounts of fertilizer

b)

An experiment in which the amount of fertilizer in a container of germinating seeds is increased every day

c)

An experiment in which one group of seeds received one brand of fertilizer, the other group a different brand of fertilizer

d)

An experiment in which several groups of seeds are planted in fertilized soil, and each group received a different amount of water

2.

The table below shows the results of an experiment testing how the amount of sugar added to water affects how long the frozen water takes to melt. What relationship does the data show between sugar content and melting time for frozen water?

a)

No relationship

b)

a Positive relationship then Negative relationship

c)

Negative relationship

d)

Positive relationship

3.

The graph below shows the results of an experiment testing the effect of soil temperature on spinach seed germination. What relationship does the data show between soil temperature and spinach seed germination?

a)

Positive relationship

b)

Negative relationship

c)

a Positive relationship then Negative relationship

d)

No relationship

4.

Calculate the average for the following number set provided below:

a)

2

b)

5

c)

6

d)

10

5.

In the diagram, an electron from sodium is being transferred to a chlorine atom. As a result of this transfer of electrons, sodium chloride (salt) is formed. What type of chemical bond is being formed in the diagram above?

a)

ionic bond

b)

nonpolar covalent bond

c)

hydrogen bond

d)

polar covalent bond

6.

Name the Reactants ( starting molecules ) in the chemical reaction provided below ...

a)

carbon dioxide and oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide and water

c)

glucose and oxygen

d)

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

7.

In the picture provided below, water molecules have a slightly negative (-) charged region located with the oxygen and it has a slightly positive (+) charged region located with the hydrogen. Because water has this “uneven” distribution of charges, water is considered a(an)...

a)

ionic bond

b)

nonpolar covalent bond

c)

hydrogen bond

d)

polar covalent bond

8.

Surface tension allows the insects (such as this spider) to “walk on water.” What property of water is this picture demonstrating? How is this possible?

a)

cohesion - strong hydrogen bonds at the water’s surface

b)

cohesion - weak hydrogen bonds at the water’s surface

c)

adhesion - strong hydrogen bonds at the water’s surface

d)

adhesion - weak hydrogen bonds at the water’s surface

9.

Identify the type of molecule shown in the diagram:

a)

carbohydrates

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

nucleic acids

10.

Identify the type of molecules shown in the diagram:

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

11.

Which row in the chart correctly matches the monomers with the Biomolecule category?

a)

Row 1

b)

Row 2

c)

Row 3

d)

Row 4

12.

Which row in the chart correctly matches the polymers with the Biomolecule category

a)

Row 1

b)

Row 2

c)

Row 3

d)

Row 4

13.

The graph provided below shows the activity of an enzyme called Glucosidase. What result can you conclude from the data about Glucosidase?

a)

Glucosidase breaks down glucose substrates

b)

Glucosidase works best around 70°C

c)

Glucosidase does not work below 70°C

d)

Glucosidase is not affected

14.

The diagram below demonstrates what type of cell?

a)

Eukaryotic Cells

b)

Prokaryotic Cells

c)

Bacterial Cells

d)

None of These

15.

The movement of water from an area of a higher concentration of water to an area of a lesser concentration of water through a selectively permeable membrane is termed:

a)

diffusion

b)

osmosis

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

exocytosis

16.

The picture below demonstrates active transport. What evidence is present in the picture that confirms active transport?

a)

the presence of a membrane

b)

the presence of an arrow

c)

the presence of ATP

d)

the presence of molecules

17.

The process shown in the picture below results in increased genetic diversity … What is this process called?

a)

DNA Synthesis

b)

Chromosome Abnormality

c)

Crossing Over

d)

Chromatid Separation

18.

What chromosome abnormality is shown in the provided karyotype picture?

a)

Tetrasomy

b)

Trisomy

c)

Monosomy

d)

There is no chromosomal abnormality in the provided karyotype

19.
Why do scientists graph their collected data?
a)
to determine relationships between variables
b)
to visualize trends in the data
c)
to better organize the data
d)
all of these are correct
20.
The scientific study of life is called?
a)
Astronomy
b)
Chemistry
c)
Biology
d)
Physics
21.
A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders found in the lakes of the Rocky Mountains was declining. This is an example of a(n) …
a)
hypothesis
b)
theory
c)
observation
d)
control
22.
The English physician Ronald Ross wanted to find the cause of Malaria (a tropical blood disease). Based on his observations, Dr. Ross suggested that the mosquito might spread Malaria from person to person. This suggestion was a(n) ...
a)
prediction
b)
hypothesis
c)
observation
d)
control
23.
A student wants to see if plants grow better when they are exposed to classical music. The student uses 4 green-bean plants potted in the same container with the same type of soil. Two of these plants are grown in a greenhouse playing classical music, while the other two plants are grown in a greenhouse that does not have music playing. After 2 weeks, the height of the plants will be measured and recorded. What are the Independent and Dependent variables?
a)
the Independent variable is the type of plants used and the Dependent variable is the presence or absence of music in the greenhouse
b)
the Independent variable is the height the plants grow and the Dependent variable is the presence or absence of music in the greenhouse
c)
the Independent variable is the presence or absence of music in the greenhouse and the Dependent variable is the height the plants grow
d)
The Independent variable is the presence or absence of music in the greenhouse and the Dependent Variable is the type of plants used
24.
Students hypothesized that water pollution affects the growth of fish. In an experiment, they added the same amount of fertilizers and industrial waste. They measured fish growth and found that most fish grow slowly in each of these environments. What part of their experimental design did they forget?
a)
a group of fish in unpolluted water to serve as their control
b)
a hypothesis to test
c)
a theory to explain their results
d)
a detailed procedure to follow
25.
All matter, whether living or nonliving, is made up of tiny building blocks, called ...
a)
compounds
b)
mixtures
c)
atoms
d)
elements
26.
Which of the following correctly identifies the subatomic particle with its electrical charge?
a)
protons (positive), electrons (no charge), neutrons (negative)
b)
protons (positive), electrons (negative), neutrons (no charge)
c)
protons (negative), electrons (positive), neutrons (no charge)
d)
protons (no charge), electrons (negative), neutrons (positive)
27.
What are the six most important elements whose chemical combinations make up 98% of the molecules found in living organisms?
a)
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
b)
carbon, hydrogen, neon, oxygen, plutonium, and sodium
c)
carbon, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, helium, and hydrogen
d)
carbon, calcium, copper, chromium, chlorine, and Cadmium
28.
What is the name of the chemical bond where the atoms unequally share one or more electrons?
a)
ionic bond
b)
nonpolar covalent bond
c)
hydrogen bond
d)
polar covalent bond
29.
Acidic solutions have a pH that is in what range of the scale?
a)
less than 7
b)
between 7 and 14
c)
between 0 and 14
d)
more than 7
30.
Water is an excellent solvent. Select the property that justifies this statement.
a)
as a polar molecule, it can surround and dissolve both ionic and polar molecules
b)
it forms ionic bonds with ions, hydrogen bonds with polar molecules, and hydrophobic interactions with nonpolar molecules
c)
it forms hydrogen bonds with itself so adhesion is possible
d)
it is liquid and will dissolve in many substances
31.
What is the purpose of the Nucleic Acid biomolecules?
a)
provide quick energy for a cell
b)
create a waterproofing barrier between the internal and external environment
c)
carry genetic information
d)
perform signaling, motor, transport, and enzymatic processes throughout the cell
32.
What is the purpose of the Protein biomolecules?
a)
provide quick energy for a cell
b)
create a waterproofing barrier between the internal and external environment
c)
carry genetic information
d)
perform signaling, motor, transport, and enzymatic processes throughout the cell
33.
What is the purpose of the Carbohydrate biomolecules?
a)
provide quick energy for a cell
b)
create a waterproofing barrier between the internal and external environment
c)
carry genetic information
d)
perform signaling, motor, transport, and enzymatic processes throughout the cell
34.
What is the purpose of the Lipid biomolecules?
a)
provide quick energy for a cell
b)
create a waterproofing barrier between the internal and external environment
c)
carry genetic information
d)
perform signaling, motor, transport, and enzymatic processes throughout the cell
35.
What term used to identify a Nucleic Acid monomer?
a)
Disaccharide
b)
Fatty Acid Chain
c)
Nucleotide
d)
Polypeptide
36.
Who was the scientist that saw cells for the first time after looking at cork under a microscope?
a)
Robert Hooke
b)
Theodor Schwann
c)
Rudolf Virchow
d)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
37.
Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
a)
All cells come from other cells
b)
All cells are the basic units of life
c)
All living things are composed of cells with a nucleus
d)
All living things are composed of one or more cells
38.
A biologist is looking at a cell under the microscope. The cell lacks a nucleus and does not contain other organelles. What type of cell is the biologist looking at?
a)
eukaryotic cell
b)
prokaryotic cell
c)
plant cell
d)
animal cell
39.
A student wrote the following description of a cell after looking at it under the microscope: “The cell has a cell wall and many organelles, including mitochondria, a nucleus, a vacuole, and several chloroplast.” Which type of cell was the student most likely describing?
a)
plant cell
b)
animal cell
c)
fungal cell
d)
bacterial cell
40.
A student wrote the following description of a cell after looking at it under the microscope: “The cell has a cell wall and many organelles, including mitochondria, a nucleus, a vacuole, and several chloroplast.” Which type of cell was the student most likely describing?
a)
chloroplast
b)
nucleus
c)
vacuole
d)
golgi apparatus
41.
Which cell organelle will protect the genetic material of the cell?
a)
golgi apparatus
b)
nucleus
c)
cytoplasm
d)
ribosomes
42.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from:
a)
a high concentration of molecules to a lower concentration of molecules
b)
a lower concentration of molecules to a higher concentration of molecules
c)
an area of equilibrium to an area of a higher concentration of molecules
d)
none of these
43.
Plant cells have a specific organelle that is able to convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy … What is the name of this specific organelle?
a)
mitochondria
b)
nucleua
c)
golgi apparatus
d)
chloroplast
44.
Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for Photosynthesis?
a)
6CO2 + C2H12O6 + Light Energy → 6H2O + 6O2
b)
6 CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
c)
C6H12O6 + Light Energy → 6O2 + 6CO2 + 6H2O
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + Light Energy
45.
In Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll absorbs the energy in sunlight and uses that energy to …
a)
to covert NADP+ into NADPH
b)
to split water molecules into energized electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen gas
c)
to attach a third phosphate group onto ADP making ATP
d)
to fuse carbon dioxide molecules together forming Glucose
46.
Where do the Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis take place?
a)
in the cytoplasm of the cell
b)
in the thylakoid of the chloroplast
c)
in the mitochondria of the cell
d)
in the stroma of the chloroplast
47.
The Light-Independent Reactions use chemical energy to fuse carbon atoms together and form glucose molecules. What is another name for this portion of the photosynthetic process?
a)
the Electron Transport Chain
b)
the Krebs Cycle
c)
the Glyosidic Linkage
d)
the Calvin Cycle
48.
How is energy RELEASED from a molecule of ATP?
a)
by adding a third phosphate group to ATP
b)
by combining a molecule of ATP with a molecule of ADP
c)
by removing the third phosphate group from ATP
d)
by lowering the activation energy of a phosphate group on ATP
49.
Which of the following is NOT a function of Photosynthesis?
a)
the release of energy by breaking down Glucose
b)
the provision of materials for plant growth and development
c)
the regulation of the Earth’s atmosphere by releasing oxygen gas and absorbing carbon dioxide
d)
the production of glucose to store energy
50.
What chemical REACTANTS are needed by plants to begin the process of Photosynthesis?
a)
Glucose and Carbon Dioxide
b)
Oxygen and ATP
c)
Water and Carbon Dioxide
d)
Oxygen and Glucose
51.
What PRODUCTS of the Light Dependent Reaction are used during the Light Independent Reaction?
a)
Oxygen gas and Hydrogen ions
b)
Chlorophyll and energized electrons
c)
ATP and NADPH
d)
Carbon Dioxide and Glucose
52.
What is the main purpose of Photosynthesis in plant cells?
a)
to change oxygen into carbon dioxide
b)
to convert sunlight energy into useable chemical energy
c)
to break down glucose into useable chemical elements
d)
to allow the passage of water from root to leaves
53.
Animal cells have a specific organelle that is able to convert food into chemical energy … What is the name of this specific organelle?
a)
mitochondria
b)
nucleus
c)
golgi apparatus
d)
chloroplast
54.
Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for Cellular Respiration?
a)
C2H12O6 + 6CO2 + ATP Energy → 6H2O + 6O2
b)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
c)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6O2 → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + Light Energy
55.
The breakdown of one Glucose molecule yields roughly how many ATP molecules?
a)
2 – 4
b)
5 – 15
c)
20 – 30
d)
30 – 40
56.
Where does the Krebs Cycle of Cellular Respiration take place?
a)
in the cytoplasm of the cell
b)
in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
c)
in the chloroplast of the cell
d)
in the matrix of the mitochondria
57.
How is energy Stored in a molecule of ATP?
a)
by adding a third phosphate group to ADP
b)
by combining a molecule of ATP with a molecule of ADP
c)
by removing the third phosphate group from ATP
d)
by lowering the activation energy of a phosphate group on ATP
58.
What is the purpose of the Electron Transport Chain?
a)
to break apart glucose into carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2
b)
to convert FADH2 and NADH molecules into useable ATP energy
c)
to absorb the energy of the sun to form glucose
d)
to covert carbon dioxide into oxygen gas
59.
What chemical Reactants are needed by animals to begin the process of Cellular Respiration?
a)
Glucose and Carbon Dioxide
b)
Oxygen and ATP
c)
Water and Carbon Dioxide
d)
Oxygen and Glucose
60.
What Products of the Krebs Cycle are used during the Electron Transport Chain?
a)
Oxygen gas and energized electrons
b)
Hydrogen ions and Water
c)
NADH and FADH2
d)
Carbon Dioxide and Glucose
61.
What is the main purpose of Cellular Respiration in animal cells?
a)
to change oxygen into carbon dioxide
b)
to break down glucose into useable chemical elements
c)
to convert sunlight energy into useable chemical energy
d)
to allow the digestion of food in the stomach
62.
What process breaks down Glucose into either alcohol or lactic acid when there is no oxygen present in the atmosphere?
a)
Aerobic Respiration
b)
Oxidation of Pyruvate
c)
Fermentation
d)
Citric Acid Cycle
63.
What factor limits cell size?
a)
The Surface Area to Volume Ratio
b)
The amount of energy a cell has
c)
The amount of cytoplasm a cell can make
d)
The amount of cell membrane a cell can make
64.
The disorder of cell cycle regulation and uncontrolled cell growth is called ...
a)
Apoptosis
b)
Cancer
c)
Cell Division
d)
Spindle Fibers
65.
What happens during Interphase
a)
Two daughter cells are formed
b)
DNA condenses into visible chromosomes
c)
The cell grows in size, copies the genetic material, and doubles the cellular content
d)
Sister chromatids separate into individual chromatids
66.
During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
Mitosis
67.
Which of these shows the correct order of Mitosis?
a)
Telophase Anaphase Metaphase Prophase
b)
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
c)
Metaphase Prophase Telophase Anaphase
d)
Anaphase Metaphase Prophase Telophase
68.
How does the amount of DNA in the daughter cells compare to the amount of DNA in the original cell?
a)
Daughter cells have half the amount of DNA as the original cell
b)
Daughter cells have twice the amount of DNA as the original cell
c)
Daughter cells have the same amount of DNA as the original cell
d)
The amount of DNA in daughter cells and the original cell is not related
69.
What is the purpose of Mitosis?
a)
To prepare the cell for division
b)
To produce gametes (egg and sperm) for sexual reproduction
c)
The development, growth, and replacement of cells
d)
None of these
70.
The phase of mitosis, in which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell.
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
71.
The phase of mitosis, when the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
72.
What is the purpose of Cytokinesis?
a)
To check that the DNA replication process has completed correctly
b)
To double the amount of cytoplasm during G1 and G2
c)
To divide the cytoplasm equally between the two daughter cells
d)
To attach the spindle fiber from the centriole to the chromosomes
73.
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
a)
To prepare the cell for division
b)
To produce gametes (egg and sperm) for sexual reproduction
c)
The development, growth, and replacement of cells
d)
None of these
74.
Meiosis starts with 1 cell and ends with what number of cells?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
75.
Haploid means that the cell has ...
a)
twice the amount of chromosomes as the original parent cell
b)
the full amount of chromosomes as the original parent cell
c)
1/2 the amount of chromosomes as the original parent cell
d)
1/4 the amount of chromosomes as the original parent cell
76.
The production of genetically unique offspring from two parents and involves the joining of gametes is...
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
c)
Sexual Reproduction
d)
Asexual Reproduction
77.
The failure of Chromosomes to separate properly during Meiosis is called ...
a)
Nondisjunction
b)
Structural Chromosome Abnormality
c)
Carcinogen
d)
Autosomal
78.
In Humans, there are 23 sets of chromosomes, with the 23rd set determining biological sex. Which of the following is correct regarding the chromosomal arrangement for biological sex in Humans?
a)
Females are XX and Males are XY
b)
Males are XX and Females are XY
c)
Females are X and Males are Y
d)
Males are X and Females are Y
79.
Which is the correct sequence for the stages in Meiosis?
a)
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
b)
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
c)
Prophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase I, Metaphase II, Anaphase I, Anaphase II, Telophase I, Telophase II
d)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
80.
In Meiosis, what happens during the stage of Anaphase II?
a)
Homologous Chromosomes separate to opposite sides of the cell
b)
Sister Chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell
c)
Chromatids align in the center of the cell
d)
Homologous Chromosomes align in the center of the cell

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