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WorksheetsBiology Final Ch 1-7.4 (you’re welcome)
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins
The term biosphere refers to the parts of the Earth that contain
Fresh water
Living things
Land masses
Greater biodiversity
Which phrase best describes Earth’s biodiversity?
Greater in consistently warm areas
Greater toward Earth’s poles
Greater according to energy needs
Greater where temperatures are most variable
An individual living thing is called a(n)
Species
Cell
Atom
Organism
Which of all these characteristics is shared by all living things?
They are made up of one or more cells
They make their own chemical energy
They have similar responses to light
They reproduce when one cell divides into two
The basic unit of life is
The cell
An atom
DNA
A species
Which word best describes a scientific hypothesis?
Provable
Theoretical
Testable
Quantifiable
At which stage of scientific inquiry would scientists find out if their hypotheses where supported by their data?
Observing
Testing hypotheses
Analyzing data
Evaluating results
In an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by a scientist is the
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Constant
Control condition
Which of the following is an important characteristic of a scientific theory?
Proven by more than one scientist
Unchanged be new evidence
Accepted by the public
Supported by much evidence
One way in which experimental research differs from observational research is that only experimental research can
Test a hypothesis
Produce scientific results
Support a theory
Show cause and effect
An electron microscope would be the best choice for viewing
Live bacteria
Human ligaments
Details of cell structure
A person’s brain activity
An injury that affects a ligament rather than a bone is likely to be examined using
Magnetic resonance imaging
X-rays
Computer modeling
Transmission electron microscopy
Complex studies, such as those that investigate disease transmission in humans, often use which of the following methods?
Multiple lab experiments
Computer modeling
Magnetic resonance imaging
Human testing
Which phrase best defines a gene?
Basic unit of life
Segment of DNA
Slice of a specimen
Inherited trait
Data mining contributes to the field of genomics by finding
Specimens on which to experiment
Images of organism
Models of complex systems
Patterns within data
Which of the following statements is true for all cells?
They use solar energy
They use photosynthesis
They use chemical energy
They use chemosynthesis
Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule?
Stores energy
Carries energy
Absorbs energy
Converts energy
Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from?
The conversion of ATP to ADP
The use of chemicals from the environment to build sugars
The addition of a phosphate group to ATP
The breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules
Energy is released from ATP molecule for cellular processes when it
Has a phosphate group removed
Stores an extra phosphate group
Converts a phosphate group to ADP
Produces a sugar molecule
Which of the following is the source of energy used in chemosynthesis?
Sunlight
Heat from hydrothermal vents
Chemical compounds
Amino acids
Which of the following takes place in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Sugars are made
Energy is captured
Chlorophyll is pumped
CO2 is formed
Where do the hydrogen ions for the photosystems of the light-dependent reactions come from?
Sugars
Sunlight
Acids
Water
Which phrase best describes the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?
A chain of photosynthetic proteins located in the stroma
A collection of enzymes used to make ADP
A series of proteins located in the thylakoid membrane
A group of enzymes that carries energy to the Calvin cycles
In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis,
CO2 enters the Calvin cycle and sugars are made
H2O is broken down and oxygen is released
NADPH is produced and transferred to photo system I
Electrons are energized and used to pump H+ ions
What is the relationship between the photosystems and the Calvin cycle?
The photosystems produce ATP synthase for he Calvin cycle
The photosystems transfer hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle
The photosystems transfer energy to the Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH
The photosystems build sugars with the carbon dioxide produced by the Calvin cycle
Which of the following types of organisms uses cellular respiration for their cellular energy needs?
Eukaryotes
Plants only
Animals only
Prokaryotes
Which process breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present?
Anaerobic respiration
Cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Photosynthesis
The part of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down is called
Photosynthesis
Aerobic respiration
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Two products of the Krebs cycle are
H2O and CO2
ATP and CO2
ATP and O2
ADP and H2O
What provides the electron transport chain in cellular respiration with the energy it needs to function?
ATP synthase
Glycolysis
Chlorophyll
Krebs cycle
Most of the traits expressed in a person’s phenotype are determined by
Y chromosomes
X chromosome inactivation
Autosomal genes
Sex chromosomes
Which of the following phrases is true of X chromosome inactivation?
Affects fewer genes than Y chromosome expression
Occurs in cells of female mammals
Disables some chromosomes in cells of male mammals
Determines phenotype in male mammals
A person who is heterozygous for a disorder caused by a recessive alleles is a carrier of the disorder. A carrier is a person who
Does not have the disorder but can pass it on to offspring
Can develope the disorder later in life but cannot pass it on
Has a dominant normal allele that has been inactivated
Passes the disorder to offspring on the Y chromosome only
Genes that are located on sex chromosomes are called
Alleles
Recessive
XY
Sex-linked
Which statement is true of a sex-linked recessive gene?
In an XY male, this recessive gene is always expressed
In an XY male, one copy is always inactivated
In an XX female, only one copy is needed for expression
In an XX female, it is always passes to offspring
Unlike the traits studied by Mendel, most traits are produced by genes with
Sex linage
Only one allele
Dominance and recessiveness
Multiple alleles
A plant that is homozygous for red flowers is crossed with a plant that is homozygous for white. In the case of incomplete dominance, the flowers of the offspring will be
Red and white
White only
Pink only
Red only
In the case of codominant alleles, a plant that is homozygous for red flowers that is crossed with a plant that is homozygous for white flowers will produce flowers that are
Red and white spotted
Completely white
Dark pink all over
Pink and red
Eye color, hair color, and skin color are polygenic traits. Polygenic traits result from
Recess genes
Many genes
Codominant genes
Epistatic genes
Identical twins who are raised apart can have differences that last a lifetime. This is evidence that
Phenotype differences happen through epistatic genes
Genotype can change over time
Environment and genotype interact to affect phentoype
Codominance affects genotype
Much of what we know about single-gene traits in humans is the result of studying
Britain’s Royal Family
Polygenic traits
Genetic disorders
Hemophilia
What is the difference between the carrier of a sex-linked disorder and the carrier of an autosomal disorder?
Female carriers of an autosomal disorder pass the disorder to all offspring
All carriers of autosomal disorders have two dominant alleles for the disorder
The carrier of a sex-linked disorder is always female but doesn’t have the disorder
Male carriers of a sex-linked disorder always have mothers who had the disorder
A chart that traces the phenotypes and genotypes within a family is called a
Pedigree
Karyotype
Punnett square
Chromosome map
A genetic disorder is traced within a family. The disorder occurs mostly in males. The gene for this disorder is most likely
Not sex-linked
On the X chromosome
An autosomal allele
Carried only by males
Which of the following types of genetic information can be identified easily with a karyotype?
Homologous chromosomes
Dominant traits
Exact locations of genes
Recessive alleles
The smallest basic unit of matter is the
Molecule
Atom
Compound
Cell
Which of the following is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons?
Element
Compound
Molecule
Ion
Atoms in molecules share pairs of electrons when they make
Covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Polymers
What gives water many properties that are important to living things?
Temperature
Hydrogen bonds
Density
Specific heat
Which of the following solutions has the highest H ion concentration?
A solution with a pH of 1
A solution with a pH of 4
A solution with a pH of 7
A solution with a pH of 10
which substance represented in Figure 2.1 (A or B) is the solvent?
Both A and B
Substance A
Substance B
Neither A nor B
The four main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, nuclei ancids, and
Starches
Fatty acids
Monosaccharides
Proteins
What is unique about carbon?
Bonding properties
Ability to bond with oxygen
Properties as a reactant
Properties as an enzyme
Both animal fats and plant oils are made up of glycerol and
Phospholipids
Fatty acids
Polar molecules
Saturated fats
Substances are changed into different substances when bonds break and form during
Chemical equlibrium
Chemical reactions
Ion formation
Hydrogen bonding
Identify the products in this reaction: 6HO + 6CO + CHO + 6O
6H2O and 6CO2
6CO2 and C6H12O6
6H2O, C6H12O6, and 6O2
C6H12O6 and 6O2
Chemical reactions that absorb more energy then they release are called
Exothermic
Catalyzed
Endothermic
Activated
The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased by a
Catalyst
Reactant
Product
Substance
In the lock-and-key model of enzyme function shown in Figure 2.2, what is happening in step 2?
The catalyzed reaction is releasing a product
The active sites are restructuring the enzyme
The enzyme is causing new bonds to form between the substrates
The substrates are beginning to bind to the enzyme
Which aspect of a chemical reaction is affected by enzymes?
Direction
Rate
Equilibrium
pH
Which of the following is a major principle upon which cell theory is based?
All cells form by a free-cell formation
All cells have DNA
All organisms are made of cells
All cells are eukaryotic
Identify the type of cell shown in Figure 3.1
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Bacteria
Animal
Which organelle is the storehouse for most of a cell’s genetic information?
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Centriole
Nucleus
Which phrase best describes rough ER?
Studded with ribosomes
Protected by vesicles
Connected to the Golgi apparatus
Stored in the central vacuole
Which organelles supply energy to the cell?
Ribosomes
Centrosomes
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old parts?
Centrosomes
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Which organelles are unique to plant cells?
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Centrosomes
Which process occurs inside the chloroplasts?
Detoxification
Ribosome asssembly
Photosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Which type of receptor is shown in the diagram in Figure 3.2?
Cytoplasmic
Membrane
Extracellular
Intracellular
A protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response is called a
Receptor
Ligand
Vesicle
Proton
A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has
More solutes than the cell
Fewer solutes than the cell
The same concentration of solutes as the cell
Too many solutes
Transport proteins play a role in both
Passive and active transport
Exocytosis and endocytosis
Diffusion and vesicle transport
Phagocytosis and passive transport
Which process requires no energy from the cell?
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
Which organelles are involved in the process called endocytosis?
Ribosomes
Vesicles
Centrioles
Chloroplasts
Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell?
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
Osmosis
An organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole is a(n)
Adaptation
System
Arrangement
Theory
The pancreas secretes insulin when blood sugar rises. The insulin triggers cells to take in sugar from the blood, which lowers the blood sugar level. This is an example of a(n)
Static system
Independent obsrevation
Homeostatic mechanism
Hormonal adaptation
In order to grow, all organisms must
Take in oxygen
Be chemosynthetic
Homeostatic mechanism
Hormonal adaptation
One of the major principles of the cell theory states that all cells are produced by
Preexisting cells
Free-cell formation
Endocytosis
Prokaryotic cells
What does the diagram in a Figure 5.1 illustrate?
Osmosis
Activation energy
A concentration gradient
An isotonic solution
Which of the following structures gives strength and support to plant cells?
Centrioles
Centrosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell walls
A cell’s cytoskeleton provides structure and support for the cell. It also plays an important role in
Transport of molecules within the cell
Packaging of proteins
Cell division and movement
Supplying energy for cell processes
Scientists believe that all eukaryotes share a common ancestry because the nucleotides that make up all eukaryotic DNA are
Free
Complex
The same
Ancient
Suppose you want to find the surface area of the football in Figure 5.2. Which of the following do you need to measure?
The weight of the football
The quantity of leather used
The pressure of the air inside
The amount of air it can hold
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus contains genetic information in the form of
Ribosomes
DNA
Nucleoli
ATP
Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (1 from your mother, 1 from your father) are called
Homologous chromosomes
Sister chromatids
Sex chromosomes
Homozygous alleles
Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?
44
22
46
23
Which of the following cell types is diploid?
Ovum
Sex cell
Somatic cel
Gamete
A distinguishing characteristic that can be inherited is a(n)
Cross
Allele
Gene
Trait
Which of the following phrases describes the Punnett square in Figure 6.1?
1/4 probability of heterozygous offspring
Monohybrid heterozygous- heterozygous cross
3/4 probability of homozygous offspring
Dihybrid heterozygous-heterozygous cross
Which of the following statements is true of homozygous alleles?
They are always inherited together
They are different forms of the same trait
They are identical forms of the same gene
They are identical forms of 2 different genes
Which law states that organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene and donate 1 copy to each of their offspring?
Law of genetic linkage
Law of segregation
Law of independent assortment
Law of inheritance
Mendel knew that the variations in the offspring generations resulted from his experiments because he
Allowed plants to cross-pollinate
Ensured that plants self-pollinated
Controlled the fertilization process
Changed the growing conditions
Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Spindlefibers disassemble
Sister chromatids separate
Cytoplasm divides
Recessive alleles may not be expressed because they are
Masked by a dominant allele
The least common allele in a population
The most common allele in a population
Less likely to have crossing over
Mendel’s 2nd law of genetics, the law of independent assortment, is one explaination of the
Random fertilization of gametes
Genetic variation within species
Greater strength of dominant alleles
Final stages of gametogenesis
Which of the following events is an important factor in increasing variety among sexually reproducing organisms?
Testcross
Gene linkage
Crossing over
Mitosis
Mendel’s observation that traits are inherited separately was based on which set of experiments?
Monohybrid crosses
Purebred crosses
Testcrosses
Dihybrid crosses
Imagine 2 heterozygous parents. Each has a dominantallele X for brown eyes and a recessive allele x for blue eyes. The phenotype ratio for brown:blue eyes in their children is
1:2:1
3:1
9:3:3:1
1:3:1
Which pair of genes in Figure 6.2 would be most likely to inherited together?
A and B
A and C
A and D
A and E
