Example of a real time control system

Example of a real time transaction system

A system usually designed to handle large volumes of data periodically such as calculating tax payable is an example of what kind of system?

What type of operating system would the following use - tablet or smartphone operating system

Which operating system is decribed here - an operating system that is installed on a single deviceand cannot support multiple people logged in at the same time

Which operating system is decribed here - an operating system can permit multiple people to log in. Each will have a local account on the operating system to assign the appropriate policy for their level of access. Most desktop operating systems fall into this category.

Which operating system is decribed here - an operating systems permit multiple processes to execute at the same time. The vast majority of modern operating systems fall into this category. In order for this to happen, the operating system needs to be able to manage CPU scheduling and handle interrupts.

Which operating system is decribed here - an operating systems that can only execute one program at a time. Its principal aim is to use the CPU to maximum efficiency and reduce idle time.

The____________________________of an operating system permits interaction with the computer system and needs to be appropriate to the intended user.

a mainframe computer is likely to be used by an expert so a ______________________ is appropriate

Novice users may prefer a _______________ such as seen in a desktop or smartphone operating systems.

Increasingly,______________________ are being used with voice command input.

What is an interrupt?

Interrupts can be generated by

Which interrupt is the highest priority?

Which interrupt is the second highest priority?

Which interrupt is the third highest priority?

Which interrupt has the least highest priority?

This allows the most important processes access to the CPU precisely when needed. _____________ interrupts may have to wait to gain access.

A standard computer contains __________ that is shared between processes and managed by the OS

The ______________________ of a process must be stored in RAM as well as any data that is being worked upon.

RAM can get overloaded which is why the _______________ is essential

Key design goals for memory management are

Key design goals for memory management are

Allocation in RAM can be done in two ways, they are

___________ must split RAM into workable chunks of storage and allocate those chunks to processes in a fair manner

This employs a table to monitor which process has been allocated which chunk of memory

Allocation of RAM _______________________

Instructions and data are all stored in RAM. This is called

Which of the following are the advantages of virtual memory? (Select two.)

Responsibilities of OS include

What is User's Interface?

How does the OS provide security

The ability of a computer to execute a program on two or more processors simultaneously is

Listening to music on the computer while browsing the internet at the same time is

What is the difference between paging and segmentation in memory management?

In modern operating systems, main memory is allocated to fixed size page frames which can be paged out to a swap file on secondary storage memory. This is termed _______________________ and permits the system to manage many more processes than it would be able to if it just relied on main memory alone.

In modern operating systems, main memory is allocated to fixed size page frames which can be paged out to a swap file on _____________________. This is termed virtual memory and permits the system to manage many more processes than it would be able to if it just relied on main memory alone.

Reading and writing to main memory is fast. The same operation with secondary storage memory (virtual memory) is much _________. This would result in too much data waiting to be written to secondary storage memory.

Reading and writing to main memory is fast. The same operation with secondary storage memory (virtual memory) is much slower. This would result in _________ data waiting to be written to secondary storage memory.

______________ are used to allow data to be read from main memory and then written to secondary storage by using a buffer

Single _______________ allows for only one operation (read or write) to take place at once. Double ________________ allows for read and write operations to take place at the same time which results in more consistent data transfer.

_____ are used on devices to allow the CPU to perform other tasks while data is being processed

_________ are blocks of memory of fixed size that are referenced through a ___________table. This table contains the page number and offset to physical memory

__________ allows blocks of memory to be used, which are variable in size

segments in memory are stored in a segmentation table and will record the ID, start address and _________ of each segment

________ is where the hard drive is used as additional memory in order to increase the number of processes that can be active at once

when a process is saved in _________ it is suspended. When loaded back into RAM for processing it is restored

when a process is saved in virtual memory it is suspended. When loaded back into RAM for processing it is restored

______ tables will record which processes are located in RAM or in virtual memory

which operating system is described here? - An OS that has hardware connecting to to the server. The hardware can be from any networked device such as a client terminal, smartphone, PC or tablet.

which operating system is described here? - it is the process of swapping applications in and out of the CPU, giving the illusion that they are running parallel.

which operating system is described here? - all modern operating systems have the ability to run more than one program at once. The user is led to believe that the computer is doing many things at once, such as playing music, displaying a document and performing a virus scan.

which operating system is described here? - computers are serial machinesand by definition can only do one thing at a time. In order to implement this type of operating system, the OS ensures that each processis swapped in and out so that the user is under the impression that all the processes are running at the same time.

which operating system is described here? - this stores more than one job in the computer's main memory at the same time. These jobs appear to be processed by the computer's CPU simultaneously

which operating system is described here? - it optimises the use of the CPU by preventing it from being idle while waiting for a slower peripheral.

which operating system is described here? - must respond in a short amount of time, sometimes considered to be immediate, to input provided to the system

which operating system is described here? - consideration must be taken away from general compuing needs and focused on very specific applications. You would not run this type of OS on a desktop PC, owing to the unpredictability of the software applications the user may install.

which operating system is described here? - systems that require this type of OS include nuclear powwer stations and aircraft systems. If a decision or action is delayed because of software running slowly in a nuclear reactor, it might explode, which would be a disaster.

some ____________ systems are also considered to be real time, for example travel agents with multiple stores across the country. If one store books the last seat of a cut price holiday, it should no longer allow any other store to book. The transaction needs to happen fast enough to stop multiple bookings from occurring an dthus is considered to be real time

A __________ is a small block of memory inside hardware devices such as printers, keyboards and hard drives where work currently being handled by that device is stored

when an _________ occurs, the CPU will, on the next instruction cycle, automatically run some special OS code that responds to it. The current running process will be puased/stopped so that this event can be handled

when the memory manager uses ________, it allocates fixed sized blocks of memory to processes

when the memory manager uses paging, it allocates fixed sized blocks of memory to processes. These blocks are known as pages and are a physical method of __________

_______________ is an alternative method of allocating memory to processes, where segments are variably sized rather than fixed. Thus they can logically split RAM into chunks of the eaxct size requested rather than forcing data into fixed sized chunks

one major advantage of __________ is that memory can be shared between processes, especially when combined with library software. Ifa block of code used by two processes is needed, it can be loaded into a section. When the process needs to access the code within the section, all it needs is the ________ ID and the offset

in order to store variably sized segments, the ___________ must store the length of each segment in the segmentation table

when an interrupt occurs, a signal is sent to the CPU via the ________ or , in the case of a sodftware interrupt, a flag is set.

sometimes more than one interrupt can be sent to the CPU at the same time, or before the CPU has had a chance to deal with the previous interrupt. This is handled by simply setting multiple flags, but only if they are for two different interrupts. If more than one of the same interrupt is generated before the CPUhas had a chance to deal with it, the second subsequent interrupts are _______

At the end of the fetch, decode, execute cycle, the CPU will check if an interrupt has occurred by looking at the interrupt register to see if any ______ have been set

Each interrupt will be assigned a _______ depending on how critical it is to the system

Interrupt service routines (ISR) are bits of code that are automatically run when an interrupt occurs; these are normally within a __________