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APES Chp 14 and 15 Water and Air pollution

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 52mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

______________- Surface water that moves across the surface of the land and enters streams and rivers.

a)

Stream

b)

erosion

c)

Runoff

d)

Ground water

2.
What does the composition and behavior of the troposphere and other layers control?
a)
climate
b)
weather
c)
hurricanes
d)
tornadoes
3.

_______- Mixture of microorganisms and other particulate matter.

a)

Sewage sludge

b)

Biomass

c)

Algae bloom

d)

Biomedical sludge

4.
Clean, dry air mostly made up of?
a)
Nitrogen and Oxygen
b)
Hydrogen and Oxygen
c)
Helium and Nitrogen
d)
Sulfer and Aluminum
5.
Sea level has risen world-wide approximately how many cm?
a)
15-20 cm
b)
20-25 cm
c)
10-15 cm
d)
30-35 cm
6.
Arctic sea ice is __ thinner now
a)
40%
b)
35%
c)
50%
d)
30%
7.

Which of the following water cycle process are connected to surface water on the Earth?

I. ground water infiltration

II. surface water runoff

III. evaporation

a)

I only

b)

I and II only

c)

II and III only

d)

I, II, and III

8.

Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?

a)

Effluent from a sewage treatment plant

b)

BP refiner in Indiana discharging ammonia in a river.

c)

Runoff of pesticides from regional farms into the Illinois River.

d)

Hot water discharges from a nuclear power plant.

9.

Which of the following is a probable impact of increased use of inorganic (lab-made) fertilizers in a watershed?

a)

Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico

b)

Increase in storm severity in southeastern U.S.

c)

Water shortages in California

d)

Saltwater intrusion on the East Coast.

10.

What is the health risks could be connected to eating some fish from lakes or the ocean?

a)

They may be invasive species that impact native fish species populations.

b)

The Omega-3 fatty acids found in some fish can have a negative impact on cardiovascular health.

c)

If they are high on the food chain they may contain high levels of mercury / PCB's or microplastics.

d)

They may have been exposed to inorganic nutrients from fertilizers.

11.

Which of the following are not a water treatment procedures used to disinfect and kill harmful bacteria?

a)

Desalination

b)

Chlorine

c)

UV rays

d)

Ozone

12.

Which law sets standards limiting pollutants for community's water supplies?

a)

Clean Water Act (CWA)

b)

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

c)

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

d)

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

13.
This law regulates the discharges of pollutants into all waters that have a significant connection with navigable waterways.  Also, must have a permit to dump these pollutants. Also, requires certain steps in sewage treatment. 
a)
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
b)
Clean Water Act (CWA)
c)
Oil Pollution Act
d)
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
14.

Strategies used to clean up oil spills include all of the following EXCEPT:

a)

Floating booms and boats to skim floating oil toward collectors

b)

Skimmers to absorb oil from the water

c)

Addition of limestone to neutralize the oil

d)

Chemical dispersants that break up the oil and help it to sink.

15.

What is the main source of mercury in the Great Lakes?

a)

Natural sources

b)

Coal-burning power plants

c)

Sewage effluent

d)

Automobile emissions

16.

The pollution of waterways creating conditions in which productivity is decreased and gills of bottom dwelling organisms are clogged is due to

a)

erosion and sedimentation

b)

runoff and flooding

c)

herbicides and eutrophication

d)

mining and acid deposition

17.
What do we call the land area that supplies water to a river system?
a)
runoff
b)
recharge
c)
watershed
d)
valley
18.

What is the difference between a point source and a nonpoint source of water pollution?

a)

A nonpoint source is easily identifiable.

b)

Point sources can be directly targeted for reduction.

c)

Nonpoint sources tend to be factory outputs.

d)

Point sources tend to be agricultural.

e)

Nonpoint sources are less harmful to the environment.

19.

Which is a type of wastewater?

I. Sewage water from toilets

II. Water from showering and bathing

III. Water from washing clothes

a)

I only

b)

II only

c)

III only

d)

I and II

e)

I, II, and III

20.

Human wastewater entering into bodies of water such as rivers or lakes can be dangerous because

I. it causes a drop in the biological oxygen demand.

II. it can lead to cultural eutrophication.

III. the wastewater can carry pathogens.

a)

I only

b)

II only

c)

III only

d)

II and III

e)

I, II, and III

21.
Large lakes that store water for human use are known as _____________.
a)
reservoirs
b)
pools
c)
ponds
d)
aquifers
22.
Your sewer water goes to a wastewater treatment facility, which cleans the water and delivers the water back to homes for drinking.
a)
True
b)
False
23.
The amount of flowing dirt in the water is 
a)
pH
b)
suspended sediment
c)
biodiversity
d)
dissolved oxygen
24.

What two agriculture nutrients cause the greatest problems in surface waters? (lead to algae growth and depleted O2)

a)

oxygen and nitrogen

b)

nitrogen and phosphorus

c)

hydrogen and nitrogen

d)

helium and phosphorus

25.
measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution; ranges from 0 to 14
a)
pH scale
b)
turbidity
c)
potability
d)
phosphates
26.
Usually found in fertilizers and can cause serious water quality issues when running into a body of water.
a)
dissolved oxygen
b)
phosphates
c)
substrate
d)
salinity
27.
An example of point source pollution is
a)
trash floating in the ocean
b)
oil spilling from a supertanker
28.
An example of a non-point solution is 
a)
waste water from leaking pipe
b)
fertilizer runoff from lawns
29.
Under which condition are large numbers of fish in a lake likely to die?
a)
when the water's dissolved oxygen is low and temperature is high
b)
right after a storm with heavy rainfall
30.
What is the possible effect of high nitrate level in water systems?
a)
algal bloom
b)
fewer algae
31.

Which gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere?

a)

oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide

c)

nitrogen

d)

argon

32.

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

a)

troposphere

b)

thermosphere

c)

methosphere

d)

stratosphere

33.

A compound made of three oxygen atoms is called

a)

acid rain

b)

smog

c)

ozone

d)

carbon dioxide

34.

How did scientists determine where the layers of the atmosphere are divided?

a)

a change in elements

b)

a change in compounds

c)

a change in temperature

d)

a change in ozone

35.

The troposphere is heated from below, which drives weather patterns caused by

a)

Convocation Cells

b)

Convection Currents

c)

Jet Streams

d)

Conduction

36.
Which of the following correctly lists the 6 “criteria” air pollutants as specified under the Clean Air Act?
a)
Pb, SO2, NOX, CO, PM, and tropospheric O3
b)
Tropospheric O3, SO2, NOX, PM, Pb, and CO2
c)
SO4, NOX, CO, PM, Pb, and tropospheric O3
d)
SO2, NOX, CO, Hg, PM, and tropospheric O3
37.
Which sector uses the most water?
a)
agriculture
b)
industry
c)
household
38.
Where did the Exxon Valdez oil spill occur?
a)
the gulf of Mexico
b)
of the coast of Alaska
c)
off the coast of Maine
d)
Dallas, Texas
39.
Ogallala Aquifer
a)
water debate on useage
b)
water source for all our crops
c)
is polluted from oil
d)
is completed drained
40.
Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution
a)
Effluent from a sewage treatment plant
b)
BP refiner in Indiana discharging ammonia in a river.
c)
Runoff of pesticides from regional farms into the Illinois River.
d)
Hot water discharges from a nuclear power plant.
41.
All of the following are ways to disinfect wastewater EXCEPT:
a)
Chloroform
b)
Chlorine
c)
UV rays
d)
Ozone
42.
Which of the following is a persistent inorganic pollutant that can impair neurological functioning?
a)
Lead 
b)
DDT
c)
PCB's
d)
Atrazine
43.

2/3 of sulfur dioxide that pollutes the air is produced by

a)

scrubbers

b)

electric power plants

c)

acid precipitation

d)

automobiles

44.

this removes gases from the industrial emissions before they are released into the atmosphere

a)

scrubbers

b)

electric power plants

c)

fuel burning

d)

agriculture

45.

Rainwater with a pH of 4.1 would indicate

a)

low levels of oxygen

b)

acid precipitation

c)

healthy levels of chemicals

46.

What contributes most to acid precipitation?

a)

burning fossil fuels

b)

agriculture

c)

automobiles

d)

construction

47.

Lowers the level of oxygen carried in the blood

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

phosphorus

d)

mercury

48.

Temperature inversions work to trap pollution when

a)

cool air above keeps warm air at the surface

b)

cool air above keeps cool air at the surface

c)

warm air above keeps warm air at the surface

d)

warm air above keeps cool air at the surface

49.

The Clean Air Act is overseen by this agency

a)

EPA

b)

APA

c)

IPA

d)

CAA

50.

The Clean Air Act requires cars to have

a)

scrubbers

b)

catalytic converters

c)

energy efficient gas tanks

d)

none of the above

51.

Stratospheric ozone molecules are damaged by...

a)

CTCs

b)

CFCs

c)

UV rays

d)

Carbon dioxide

52.

This reduced the CFC production and helped repair the ozone hole

a)

Clean Air Act

b)

EPA

c)

The Montreal Protocol

d)

CITES

53.

Gas in the atmosphere that can be both a pollutant and protection for the earth from UV radiation?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Water vapour

c)

Ozone

d)

Methane

54.

Which gas is both a primary and secondary air pollutant?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Particulate matter

c)

Nitrogen dioxide

d)

Methane

55.
What causes acid rain?
a)
High concentrations of sulfuric or nitric acid from pollution
b)
Fertilizer use
c)
Pesticide use
d)
CFCs
56.
Natural processes that cause air pollution, and climate change, within the Earth's atmosphere can consist of:
a)
smokestacks and cars
b)
power plants and busses
c)
volcanoes and wildfires
d)
volcanoes and man-made-fires
57.
Which of these problems can be caused by air pollution?
a)
Respiratory problems
b)
Reduced food sources for humans
c)
Increased disease for humans
d)
Decrease in global temperatures
58.
Hydrocarbons such as gasoline, solvents, paints, finger nail polish & thinners that vaporize easily.
a)
Sulfur Oxides
b)
Nitrogen Oxides
c)
VOC's
d)
Mercury
59.
This colorless gas is deadly because it binds to your red blood cells instead of oxygen. This deprives your major organs of oxygen and results in death.
a)
Carbon Dioxide
b)
Carbon Monoxide
c)
Sulfur Dioxide
d)
Nitrogen Dioxide
60.

A secondary pollutant

a)

forms in the stratosphere.

b)

is transformed by sunlight or water.

c)

cannot be directly tracked.

d)

does not directly harm humans.

e)

forms primarily from incomplete combustion.

61.

High levels of photochemical smog are due to

I. nitrogen dioxide.

II. sulfur dioxide.

III. VOCs

a)

I only

b)

I and II only

c)

II and III only

d)

I and III only

e)

I, II, and III

62.

Recent increases in acid deposition in the western United States are due to

a)

increased emissions in the United States.

b)

decreased precipitation due to climate change.

c)

increased emissions in China.

d)

increased precipitation due to climate change.

e)

increased emissions in Europe.

63.

If carbon monoxide emissions decreased from 145 million tons annually to 80 million tons annually, by what percentage have emissions been reduced?

a)

41 percent

b)

45 percent

c)

47 percent

d)

52 percent

e)

55 percent

64.

Which of the following is the most likely route for mercury to enter the food web?

a)

Municipal waste → landfill → groundwater→ plants and vegetation

b)

Coal-burning emissions → deposition→ ocean → plankton → fishes

c)

Organic fertilizers →soil →groundwater→ lake → trout

d)

Medical waste incinerators → stratosphere→ grass → cows

e)

Mining waste → acid deposition → surface runoff → plants and vegetation

65.

How is human waste typically treated in rural areas?

a)

sewage system

b)

septic system

c)

manure lagoons

d)

collective ponds

66.

Which was not a target of early air pollution laws in the USA?

a)

NOx emissions

b)

Carbon dioxide emissions

c)

sulfur content in fuel

d)

open burning of garbage

67.

What is a Fatberg and why are they are a problem?

4 lines
68.

Describe the Great Pacific Garbage patch and why it is a problem. How did it form?

4 lines

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