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ENV SCI Sem 2 Final Exam

Total questions: 92

Worksheet time: 2hrs 52mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
This rare & beautiful bird of paradise can only be found in New Guinea. Because of this we refer to it as a(n)
a)
endemic species
b)
endangered species
c)
indicator species
d)
invasive species
2.
When this California Sea Otter was exploited by humans, a whole ecosystem collapsed, showing that the otter was a(n)
a)
keystone species
b)
endangered species
c)
invasive species
d)
native species
3.
This Japanese kudzu has become invasive in the U.S., taking over many forest ecosystems. This scenario is common with
a)
non-native species
b)
native species
c)
endangered species
d)
keystone species
4.
An area near the equator with very high biodiversity is known as a 
a)
biodiversity hot spot
b)
biodiversity risk
c)
biodiversity endangered area
d)
biodiversity example
5.
After years of DDT pesticide use, the bald eagle almost went extinct. When scientists realized this, they placed it on the
a)
endangered species list
b)
keystone species list
c)
invasive species list
d)
illegal species list
6.

What is a keystone species?

a)

A species that helps to hold an ecosystem together

b)

A species that lives in or around rocks

c)

Keys and stones have nothing to do with ecology

d)

A keystone isn't a living thing, it's just a stone

7.
Endangered is the same thing as Threatened.
a)
False
b)
True
8.
 A species in danger of extinction is called:
a)
Threatened
b)
Endangered
c)
Extinct
d)
Exotic
9.
The number and variety of species on Earth is called ____________________.
a)
biodiversity
b)
keystone
c)
exotic
d)
none of these
10.
Any species with a declining population that could become endangered is called _____________.
a)
extinct
b)
threatened
c)
exotic
d)
keystone
11.
This Burmese Python is eating a Florida alligator in the Everglades. Theses non-native snakes have become a(n)
a)
endangered species
b)
invasive species
c)
endemic species
d)
keystone species
12.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
Water is an unlimited resource.
b)
Water is a nonrenewable resource.
c)
Water is a renewable but limited resource.
d)
Water is renewable and unlimited.
13.
What is one way to use less water on agriculture?
a)
center pivot method
b)
flood irrigation
c)
drip irrigation
d)
using sprinklers
14.
What type of pollution is easier to regulate?
a)
Point Source Pollution
b)
Nonpoint pollution
15.
Wastewater treatment plant- Point or Nonpoint?
a)
Point Source Pollution
b)
Nonpoint Pollution
16.

Most of the world's freshwater is found here?

a)

ocean

b)

lakes

c)

rivers

d)

glaciers

17.
The geological layer, consisting of underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock, where groundwater flows, is called
a)
zone of saturation
b)
aquifer
c)
the water table
d)
surface water
18.
What do you call water/precipitation that does not absorb into the ground and flows back into the Earth's bodies of water?
a)
runoff
b)
sediment
c)
transpiration
d)
pollution
19.
What is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid form?
a)
Conversion
b)
Liquidation
c)
Depletion
d)
Condensation
20.
When a contaminant cannot be traced to a specific point of discharge it results in which of the following?
a)
Point Source Pollution
b)
Non-point Source Pollution
c)
Discharge Based Pollution
d)
Hidden Pollution
21.
The natural process of eutrophication is accelerated when you add
a)
phosphorus and nitrogen
b)
nitrate and oxygen
c)
plant nutrients and dish detergent
22.
 Which of the following pollutants is an example of a secondary pollutant?
a)
dust that comes from a construction workshop
b)
ozone that comes from vehicle emissions 
c)
smoke that comes from a forest fire
d)
smoke that comes from cigarettes
23.
Which of the following methods is NOT a good way to prevent indoor air pollution?
a)
Maintain adequate ventilation.
b)
Stoves/heaters properly vented & in good working order.
c)
Store household cleaning products properly, use as intended
d)
Maintain healthy levels of bacteria in air vents
24.
Which of the following is not an effect of acid precipitation?
a)
dying forests
b)
dying lakes
c)
increased growth of symbiotic fungi
d)
rain and snow that have a pH of 4.2
25.
The concern that is most specific to light pollution is
a)
negative effects on human health
b)
wasted energy
c)
crime.
d)
limited skyglow
26.
A bronze statue of begins to turn green. This change is most likely caused by
a)
lichens
b)
acid shock
c)
acid precipitation
d)
aluminum/mercury runoff from contact with acid rain.
27.
Which of the following does not occur during a temperature inversion?
a)
Air temperatures decrease as elevation decreases
b)
Cool air at the Earth's surface cannot move upward.
c)
Pollutants become trapped near the Earth's surface.
d)
Mountains intensify temperature inversions
28.
Combines with other pollutants to form acid rain
a)
Nitrogen oxides & sulfur dioxide
b)
Particulate matter & lead
c)
Nitrogen oxides & ground-level ozone
d)
Sulfur dioxide & ground-level ozone
29.

What gas from the list below is a cause for global warming?

a)

Urethane

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

nitrogen

30.

Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps....

a)

will result in cooler temperatures in the Arctic

b)

will result in sea-levels rising

c)

Will have no effect on ecosystems

d)

None of the above

31.

Clouds act like greenhouse gases by:

a)

blocking photons from reaching Earth

b)

polluting the air and decreasing air quality

c)

breaking down ozone molecules

d)

trapping heat close to Earth

32.

Which of the following is not a result of a warming earth?

a)

Stronger hurricanes

b)

Decreased CO2 available for humans

c)

Rising sea levels

d)

Melting ice

e)

Human health problems

33.

Which of the following statements about El Nino are true?

a)

It is a warm phase in the Pacific Ocean

b)

It is a cold phase in the Pacific Ocean

c)

It decreases the number of storms that form in the Pacific

d)

It decreases the number of storms that form in the Atlantic

34.
The seasons are a result of Earth’s tilted axis. Which part of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun in December? 
a)
Northern Hemisphere
b)
Southern Hemisphere
c)
Western Hemisphere
d)
Neither is tilted it's centered in the equator
35.
The sun's rays are least direct
a)
near the poles
b)
near the equator
c)
at high altitudes
d)
far from the ocean
36.

It is recognized that a class of chemicals called Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) might be damaging the ___________.

a)

Climate

b)

Oceans

c)

Ozone Layer

d)

Populations

37.

What is climate?

a)

Day to day changes in weather

b)

Week to week changes in weather

c)

Month to month changes in weather

d)

Long term changes in weather

38.

What is climate change?

a)

Short term change in weather patterns

b)

Change in weather patterns over one year

c)

Significant and lasting change in weather patterns

39.
What is the condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a certain time and place?
a)
climate
b)
temperature
c)
weather
d)
air pressure
40.
Which BEST describes why latitudes closest to the equator have warmer climates?
a)
they are at lower elevations
b)
they receive more solar energy
c)
they are nearer to ocean currents
d)
they get more winds that carry energy in the form of heat
41.
Which sentence best describes how latitude and temperature are related?
a)
LOWER latitude = COLDER air temperature
b)
HIGHER latitude = COLDER air temperature
c)
HIGHER latitude = WARMER temperatures
42.
Which season is shown in the northern hemisphere?
a)
winter
b)
spring
c)
summer
d)
fall
43.
Which of the following correctly states an observation that helps to explain circulation patterns in the atmosphere?
a)
Cold air rises and warms as it rises.
b)
Warm air rises and cools as it rises.
c)
Cold air can hold more water vapor than warm air.
d)
All of the above. 
44.
Which of the following best describes the effect of a mountain range on the climate of a region?
a)
The coastal side of the range usually has high levels of rain.
b)
A desert is often found on the inland side of the range.
c)
Average temperatures are lower at high elevations than at the base of the mountains.
d)
All of the above
45.
An important property of air circulation is
a)
warm air is denser than cold air.
b)
cold air and warm air have the same density.
c)
cold air is denser than warm air.
d)
air has no mass. 
46.
Chlorofluorocarbon molecules are environmentally significant because
a)
their chlorine atoms can destroy many stratospheric ozone molecules.
b)
they are poisonous, flammable, and corrosive
c)
their absorption of lethal solar energy protects Earth.
d)
they readily break down ozone molecules produced as pollution.
47.
As the amount of ozone in the stratosphere decreases,
a)
more ultraviolet light is able to reach Earth's surface.
b)
less solar energy is able to reach Earth's surface.
c)
the amount of methane in the atmosphere increases.
d)
the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean increases. 
48.

Where is the ozone layer located?

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

49.

What is relative humidity?

a)

The temperature at which the humidity is maximized

b)

Probability of condensation in a particular area

c)

Percentage of clouds in a particular area

d)

the ratio of the amount of water in the air compared to the amount of water the air can hold

50.

Land that contains relatively few people and large areas of open space is considered

a)

rural

b)

urban

c)

suburban

d)

rangelands

51.

A heat island can

a)

affect weather patterns over a city.

b)

reduce the average temperatures in a city.

c)

absorb less heat than vegetation.

d)

have a lower temperature than the surrounding countryside.

52.

Which of the following is not a method of preventing overgrazing?

a)

limiting herd size

b)

rotating the breed of cattle

c)

removing herds to allow vegetation to recover

d)

replanting native vegetation

53.

Which of the following is not an environmental benefit of open spaces?

a)

moderation of temperatures

b)

absorption of rainwater runoff

c)

provision of aesthetic value

d)

source of lumber for homes

54.
What is erosion?
a)
The layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals.
b)
Mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals that forms the crumbly, topmost layer of soil.
c)
fallen leaves and partially decomposed organic matter
d)
Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away
55.
What is a chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops.
a)
Insecticide
b)
Pesticide
c)
Fertilizer
d)
Herbicide
56.
What pest control uses predators, biopesticides, parasites, agricultural practices like crop rotation.
a)
Pesticide
b)
Biological Pest Control
c)
Herbicide
d)
Insecticide
57.
What is soil conservation?
a)
Methods of farming that cause soil erosion.
b)
Methods of farming that protects the top soil.
c)
Removing the old vegetation
d)
None of the Above
58.
What is rock that makes up Earth's crust; also the solid rock layer beneath the soil?
a)
Bedrock
b)
Zone of leaching
c)
Top Soil
d)
None of the Above
59.
Why is overharvesting a problem?
a)
Overharvesting is catching or removing more organisms than the population can replace.
b)
Over harvesting is adding more organisms to a population
c)
Overharvesting isn't a problem
d)
None of the Above
60.

The food that usually requires the most energy, water, and land to produce is

a)

meat.

b)

grains.

c)

potatoes.

d)

beans

61.
Accumulation of salts in the soil
a)
Erosion
b)
Pesticide
c)
Desertification
d)
Salinization
62.
_______ resources can be negatively impacted by mining
a)
Air
b)
Oxygen
c)
Dust
d)
Water
63.
Reclamation is.....
a)
not required in the US.
b)
a process that causes significant environmental damage.
c)
returning the land back to its original condition after mining
d)
required for every country and every type of mine in the world.
64.
Air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution are associated with ______.
a)
subsurface mining
b)
surface mining
65.
Acid mine drainage causes
a)
air pollution
b)
water pollution 
c)
subsidence
d)
erosion
66.
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
a)
ethanol
b)
natural gas
c)
coal
d)
crude oil
67.
Nuclear energy is powered by
a)
nuclear fission
b)
nuclear fusion
c)
nuclear explosion
d)
splitting of an atom's protons
68.
Which of the following statements provides a reason for the widespread use of fossil fuels?
a)
fossil fuels are readily available and relatively inexpensive.
b)
fossil fuels are not harmful to the environment.
c)
fossil fuels are renewable.
d)
all of these
69.
Which of the following is NOT a concern about nuclear energy?
a)
the high levels of air pollution produced
b)
the possibility that the nuclear chain reaction can get out of control
c)
the high cost of nuclear energy
d)
the difficulty of safely storing waste.
70.
Which of the following is an advantage of nuclear energy?
a)
no air pollution
b)
building is cheap
c)
storing nuclear waste
d)
very inexpensive to run
71.
What advantage does natural gas have over other fossil fuels?
a)
less carbon emissions
b)
easy to transport
c)
burns more efficient
d)
safer
72.
Geothermal energy is obtained by harnessing
a)
hot underground water
b)
sunlight
c)
wind
d)
tidal energy
73.
What type of fuel comes from once living organisms or organic waste such as plant material or manure?
a)
biomass fuels
b)
hydrocarbons
c)
fossil fuels
d)
hydrogen
74.
Which of the following are disadvantages of biomass fuel?
a)
All of these.
b)
Biomass fuels take up land that could be used to feed people.
c)
Harvesting biomass fuel can cause deforestation.
d)
Biomass fuels are not totally non-polluting.
75.

______________ uses the sun's energy to directly heat an object.

a)

active solar heating

b)

nuclear solar heating

c)

direct solar heating

d)

available solar heating

76.

The most abundant element in the universe that can be used as fuel is what?

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon

d)

Uranium

77.

Where does a geothermal power plant get its energy?

a)

Coal mines

b)

In the earth's core

c)

Wood

d)

Waterfalls

78.

Where does a geothermal power plant get its energy?

a)

Coal mines

b)

In the earth's core

c)

Wood

d)

Waterfalls

79.

When hydrogen is burned as fuel, the byproduct is what?

a)

water vapor

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

carbon hydroxide

d)

sulfur dioxide

80.

Which is not a Renewable Energy Resource?

a)

Solar

b)

Wind

c)

Nuclear

d)

Hydropower

81.

What is the fastest growing energy source in the world?

a)

Hydropower

b)

Solar

c)

Biofuels

d)

Wind

82.
All of the following are methods of solid waste disposal EXCEPT:
a)
landfills
b)
open dumping 
c)
incineration
d)
recovery 
83.
A process in which mixed garbage is burned at very high temperatures is:
a)
recovery
b)
incineration
c)
leachate
d)
source reduction 
84.
Hazardous waste is:
a)
corrosive
b)
ignitable
c)
toxic
d)
all of these
85.

Why are non-biodegradable plastics a problem in the environment?

a)

They don't decompose or break down naturally

b)

They have a long half-life

c)

They are highly reactive

d)

They are commonly put in sanitary landfills although they belong in hazardous waste landfills

86.
To prevent groundwater contamination, sanitary landfills are:
a)
Located far from populated areas
b)
Lined with plastic and clay
c)
Covered with cement
d)
Located on slopes so that water runs downhill
87.

Liquid that results from water percolating through waste is:

a)

leachate

b)

e-waste

c)

non-biodegradable waste

d)

radioactive waste

88.

Which is NOT a NEGATIVE IMPACT of using a sanitary landfill?

a)

It gives off harmful radiation

b)

Leachate may escape and contaminate the soil & water

c)

Trash breaks down very slowly

d)

Many communities don’t want them near their neighborhoods

89.

What is a benefit of using incinerators?

a)

Methane gas produced by decomposition can be used like natural gas

b)

It is very cheap

c)

Reduces the amount of solid waste

d)

It is highly regulated

90.

Biodegradable

a)

Waste produced by household and business

b)

Cannot be broken down by biological process.

c)

Capable of being broken down by biological processes, such as the action of bacteria.

d)

A discarded solid material, such as garbage, refuse, or sludges

91.

Landfill

a)

A discarded solid material, such as garbage, refuse, or sludges

b)

When left in the sun for many weeks it becomes weak and brittle and eventually breaks into pieces

c)

An area of land or excavation where wastes are placed for permanent disposal.

92.

Municipal Solid Waste

a)

An area of land or excavation where wastes are placed for permanent disposal.

b)

Waste produced by household and business

c)

A discarded solid material, such as garbage, refuse, or sludges

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