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WorksheetsAnatomy and Physiology Final Exam Review
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 42mins
The study of the function of the body and body parts is called:
anatomy
botany
physiology
ecology
Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study:
making a section through the heart to observe its interior
examining the surface of a bone
viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses
Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans):
superior and caudal
inferior and caudal
inferior and cephalad
anterior and ventral
Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans):
superficial and proximal
distal and proximal
medial and distal
posterior and intermediate
Which of the following is NOT connective tissue:
bone
cartilage
blood
skeletal muscle
The most important minerals stored in bones are:
calcium and iron
sodium and phosphorus
sodium and potassium
calcium and phosphorus
Which of the following are bone forming cells:
osteocytes
canaliculi
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
Which is the correct sequence going from simplest to most complex (levels of structural organization):
cell; tissue; organ; organ system; organism
tissue; cell; organ; organ system; organism
organism; organ system; organ; cell; tissue
cell; tissue; organ system; organ; organism
Bone formation can be referred to as:
osteoporosis
rickets
ossification
osteoarthritis
Osteons are characteristic of:
articular cartilage
spongy bone
compact bone
yellow marrow
Three of the four answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the exception.
humerus
scapula
fibula
clavicle
A compound fracture can be described as when:
the bone is crushed
the broken bone ends are forced into each other
the broken bone is broken into many fragments
the broken bone is exposed to the outside
A fracture common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults, is a(n):
greenstick fracture
impacted fracture
spiral fracture
depressed fracture
Skeletal muscle is often attached to bone by strong cord-like structures called:
ligaments
fascicles
Z discs
tendons
The muscle tissue type that consists of single, very long, cylindrical, multi-nucleated cells with very obvious striations is:
cardiac muscle only
skeletal muscle only
cardiac and skeletal muscle
smooth muscle only
Muscle tissue that has involuntary regulation of contraction is:
cardiac and smooth muscle
cardiac and skeletal muscle
smooth muscle only
skeletal and smooth muscle
Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system:
hematopoiesis
maintenance of posture
stabilization of joints
generation of heat
The axon terminals of a nerve cell and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell join at the:
motor unit
neuromuscular junction
synaptic cleft
myofibril
Which of the following functions do calcium ions perform during skeletal muscle contraction:
increase the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma
release the inhibition on Z discs
expose myosin binding sites on the actin
cause ATP binding to actin
The mechanical force of contraction is generated by:
shortening of the thick filaments
shortening of the thin filaments
a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones
the "accordion-like" folding of thin and thick filaments
Acetylcholine is:
a source of energy for muscle contraction
a component of thick myofilaments
an oxygen-binding protein
a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction is to:
make and store phosphocreatine
synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments
store ATP
regulate intracellular calcium concentration
Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract:
sodium ions rush into the cell
acetylcholine causes temporary permeability to sodium
diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell
operation of the sodium-potassium pump
Which of the following muscle actions would NOT be classified as an isotonic contraction:
pushing against a stationary wall
lifting a glass of water to your mouth
writing a letter
throwing a ball
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs without:
ATP
oxygen
lactic acid
carbon dioxide
The term central nervous system refers to the
brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
brain and cranial nerves
spinal cord and spinal nerves
brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system consists of:
the brain and spinal cord
the spinal nerves and cranial nerves
the cranial nerves only
the spinal nerves only
Which of these cells is NOT a type of neuroglia found in the central nervous system:
astrocytes
microglia
Schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called:
axons
dendrites
neurilemmas
Schwann cells
White matter refers to myelinated fibers in the:
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are:
myelinated
sensory
unmyelinated
motor
The ability to respond to a stimulus is termed:
polarized
irritability
depolarized
conductivity
The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:
an ion
an action potential
a neurotransmitter
nerve glue
The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as _____ while the shallow grooves are termed _____.
sulci; gyri
gyri; sulci
ganglia; gyri
tracts; ganglia
Afferent nerves are called _____, and motor nerves are called _____.
motor nerves; sensory nerves
peripheral nerves; cranial nerves
sensory nerves; efferent nerves
mixed nerves; motor nerves
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the:
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system:
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
most glands
The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the:
central nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
motor division
Blood cell formation in adults occurs in all of the following except the:
flat bones of the skull
flat bones of the pelvis
proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur
shaft of the femur
Blood cell formation is called _____ and occurs in red bone marrow:
hematopoiesis
hemostasis
hemolysis
agglutination
The matrix of blood is called:
erythrocytes
lymphocytes
plasma
platelets
The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called:
homeostasis
coagulation
hemostasis
agglutination
A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies:
antigen
antibody
interleukin
fibrinogen
The most common type of blood in the U.S. population is:
type A
type B
type AB
type O
The universal recipient has blood type:
A
B
AB
O
Which area of the heart receives blood from the systemic veins:
right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium
left atrium
Pulmonary veins:
transport oxygenated blood to the lungs
transport blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
transport oxygenated blood to the heart
return blood to the right atrium of the heart
The superior vena cava empties:
deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
deoxygenated blood into the right ventricle
oxygenated blood into the left atrium
oxygenated blood into the right atrium
The path of blood within the systemic vascular system is:
arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins venules
Veins:
carry blood away from the heart
branch into smaller vessels called arterioles
transport oxygen-rich blood
often have valves to prevent the back flow of blood
In which of the following blood vessels is blood pressure the highest:
veins
capillaries
arteries
vena cavas
What structure in the heart divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle:
interventricular septum
interatrial septum
bicuspid valve
tricuspid valve
The thick layer of the heart wall that contains contractile cardiac muscle tissue is the:
endocardium
epicardium
pericardium
myocardium
The sinoatrial node (pacemaker) is located in the:
aorta
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
apex
The conducting passageways of the respiratory system include all the following structures except the following:
nose
trachea
pharynx
alveoli
bronchi
The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions except:
allow air to reach the lungs
purify air
humidify air
exchange gases
What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity:
increase the air turbulence in the nasal cavity
trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
separate the oral from the nasal cavity
act as a resonance chamber for speech
The flap of elastic cartilage that protects food from entering the larynx when swallowing is the:
glottis
Adam's apple
thyroid cartilage
epiglottis
Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by:
osmosis
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
Air moving in and out of the lungs is called:
internal respiration
inspiration
external respiration
pulmonary ventilation
The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa is called:
cyanosis
xanthosis
melanosis
albinism
Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal:
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
pharynx, mouth, esophagus, stomach large intestine, small intestine
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Which one of the following is NOT one of the functions of the kidneys:
manufacture urine
convert vitamin D from its inactive form to its active form
dispose of metabolic wastes
produce hormones that assist digestion
The kidneys are aided in the excretion of fluids by the:
lungs
skin
lungs and skin
skin and hair
Uric acid, a nitrogenous waste product, results from the metabolism of:
nucleic acids
proteins
amino acids
salt
Urine is transported from the bladder to the outside of the body by the:
ureter
collecting duct
distal convoluted tubule
urethra
Each spermatid and ovum have:
23 pairs of chromosomes
23 chromosomes
2n chromosomes
46 chromosomes
Fertilization usually occurs in the:
ovary
uterus
vagina
fallopian tubes
The process by which a mature egg is ejected from the ovary is called:
ejaculation
menses
fertilization
ovulation
The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely floating in the uterine cavity is called a:
blastocyte
zygote
morula
trophoblast
All the organ systems are laid down, at least in rudimentary form, and the embryo looks distinctly human by the _____ of embryonic development:
first week
second week
fourth week
eighth week
The tendency of the body's systems to maintain a relatively constant or balanced internal environment is called:
hemostasis
irritability
homeostasis
conductivity
Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes:
digestive system
respiratory system
urinary system
endocrine system
Fast acting control system; responds to internal changes and external stimuli:
cardiovascular system
nervous system
lymphatic system
integumentary system
Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes:
digestive system
respiratory system
urinary system
endocrine system
Controls the body with chemicals called hormones:
integumentary system
lymphatic system
endocrine system
urinary system
Removes carbon dioxide from the blood:
cardiovascular system
respiratory system
lymphatic system
endocrine system
Provides for conception and childbearing:
reproductive system
endocrine system
cardiovascular system
muscular system
Moves limbs; allows for facial expressions:
skeletal system
muscular system
integumentary system
nervous system
Breaks down food into small particles that can be absorbed:
urinary system
cardiovascular system
muscular system
digestive system
Helps to cleanse the blood and contains cells involved in immunity:
lymphatic system
endocrine system
cardiovascular system
respiratory system
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and tissues:
respiratory system
cardiovascular system
digestive system
integumentary system
Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act:
skeletal system
muscular system
nervous system
integumentary system
Protects underlying organs from drying out and mechanical damage:
muscular system
endocrine system
urinary system
integumentary system
