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Test - Earth Science

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 2hrs 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Used to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred throughout Earth's history

a)

absolute age

b)

geologic time scale

c)

classification

2.

A geological time that is a subdivision of an eon. It is divided into periods. Examples are Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleonzoic

a)

epoch

b)

era

c)

period

3.

The most recent era of geologic time, from 65 million years ago to the present.

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Triassic

c)

Cambrian

d)

Cenozoic

4.

A preserved remain of an organism that gives us a history of the Earth.

a)

geologist

b)

epoch

c)

fossil

5.

States that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom.

a)

stratigraphy

b)

classification

c)

Law of Superposition

6.

A person who studies fossils.

a)

paleontologist

b)

dinosaurologist

c)

oceanologist

7.

Noting or pertaining to the earliest era of earth history, ending 570 million years ago, during which the earth's crust formed and life first appeared in the seas.

a)

cenozoic time

b)

mesozoic time

c)

precambrian time

8.

How old do Paleontologists believe the Earth is?

a)

2015 years old

b)

3.6 billion years old

c)

4.6 billion years old

9.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
10.
The dinosaurs and reptiles were dominant in which Era?
a)
Precambrian
b)
Mesozoic
c)
Paleozoic
d)
Cenozoic
11.

The disappearance of a species.

a)

Evolution

b)

Extinction

c)

Migration

12.

What type of event usually marks the end of an Era

a)

A Mass Extinction

b)

A Volcanic Eruption

c)

An earthquake

13.

The time that it takes 50% of an element to decay is called what?

a)

radioactive decay

b)

superposition

c)

half-life

14.

Index fossils are used by geologists to

a)

match rocks of the same age in different regions

b)

determine the relative age of rocks in one place

c)

determine why some organisms became extinct

15.

Mammals are a dominant group in which era?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Cambrianozoic

16.

What era did the formation of the earth occur?

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Precambrian

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Cambrian

17.

What are the four eras in order from OLDEST to NEWEST?

a)

Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

b)

Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic

c)

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-Cambrian

18.

What era did trilobites, fishes, and other marine organisms dominate?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

19.

Which era is the most recent, the one that we are currently in?

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Precambrian

20.

Scientists chose where units of geologic time began and ended based on the appearance or disappearance of life.

a)

true

b)

false

21.

The dinosaurs and reptiles were dominant in which Era?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Cenozoic

22.

At the end of this era, multi-cellular organisms like sponges, jellyfish and worms filled the oceans.

a)

Precambrian Era

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

23.

What is the purpose of a geological timeline?

a)

The geological timeline was created by scientists to genetically engineer new organisms in the ecosystem

b)

The geological timeline was created by engineers to predict which organisms will die soon

c)

The geological timeline was created by scientists who studied rocks and fossils in order to organize Earth's 4.6-billion-year-old history

24.
Which of the three is the larger time segment? 
a)
Era
b)
Eon
c)
Period
d)
Epoch 
25.

Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?

a)

all organisms become fossils

b)

organisms having soft body parts make up most of the fossils

c)

the fossil record is incomplete

26.

The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?

a)

old geologists

b)

sweet geology music

c)

the known history of rocks and fossils

27.

The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?

a)

The absolute age of rock layers

b)

The age of fossils

c)

The relative age of rock layers

28.
Which organism first appeared in the Mesozoic?
a)
Trilobites
b)
Dinosaurs
c)
Cyanobacteria
d)
Humans
29.
Which era are we in now?
a)
Precambrian
b)
Mesozoic
c)
Paleozoic
d)
Cenozoic
30.

Pangea broke up in the

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Cenozoic

31.

We think our atmospheric oxygen came from

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

cyanobacteria

32.

Where would you find the oldest fossils?

a)

at the top

b)

at the bottom

c)

in the middle

33.

Which fossil is oldest?

a)

the crab

b)

the fish

c)

the frog

34.

The idea that the oldest fossils are at the bottom is called ____________.

a)

The Law of Superposition

b)

The Law of the Land

c)

Relative Dating

35.

Fossils that were common but lived for only a short time are used as ____________

a)

toothpicks

b)

hammers

c)

index fossils

36.

Index fossils are used to _____________

a)

fill up big holes in the ground.

b)

help scientists figure out how old other rocks and fossils are.

c)

hold open doors.

37.

Knowing whether a fossil is older or younger than another fossil is _____________.

a)

just being smart.

b)

Absolute Dating.

c)

Relative Dating.

38.

Which period is older than the Triassic?

a)

Jurassic

b)

Archean

c)

Paleocene

39.

Scientists do not find trilobite fossils in rock layers newer than the Permian period. This means...

a)

trilobites are extinct.

b)

trilobites are hiding.

c)

Mrs. Weiland has a pet trilobite named Wiggly.

40.

A bug stuck in amber is an example of what type of fossil?

a)

preserved remains

b)

mold

c)

trace

41.

When the last of its kind dies, a species is _________________.

a)

endangered

b)

extinct

c)

fossil

42.

The remains or traces of a plant or animal that lived long ago is a _____________________.

a)

fossil

b)

mass extinction

c)

mold

43.

An event that results in the dying off of many species is called _______________________________

a)

threatened species

b)

mass extinction

c)

molds

44.

An impression of an organism, formed when sediment hardens around the organism is called a _________________________.

a)

cast

b)

mold

c)

fossil

45.

A model of an organism, formed when sediment fills a mold and hardens, is a

a)

cast

b)

mold

c)

fossil

46.

A fossil is a type of organism that lived in many places during a relatively short time span is called a(n) ____________________________.

a)

trace fossil

b)

extinct

c)

index fossil

47.

Not every animal or plant becomes a fossil when it dies. Which event BEST helps a fossil form?

a)

Sediment quickly buries the dead organism

b)

Animals eat the soft tissues

c)

Wind blows the dead organism away

48.

Josh read about a land animal whose fossils were found in similar rock layers in Africa and South America. What can he conclude from his discovery?

a)

Animal fossils all look alike.

b)

The landmasses were once joined.

c)

The animals swam across the ocean.

49.

Suppose you found fossils of sharks and other fish in a nearby forest. What could you infer about the area from these discoveries?

a)

The area was once a desert.

b)

The area was once an ocean.

c)

The area was once a forest.

50.

Dinosaurs lived in parts of the US over 70 million years ago. What most likely caused the dinosaurs to become extinct?

a)

The environment changed.

b)

The food became poisonous

c)

The number of plants increased.

51.

Common dinosaur fossils have body parts that look like wings. What might you conclude about these animals, based on the fossil evidence?

a)

These dinosaurs could fly.

b)

These dinosaurs lived in the ocean.

c)

These dinosaurs ate plants.

52.

What is a "living fossil"?

a)

a fossil that is easily identified

b)

a living organism that looks similar to its ancient ancestors

c)

a fossil that is well known in the scientific community

53.

Study the rock layers in the diagram. Which rock layer is probably the oldest?

a)

D

b)

B

c)

C

54.

In what kind of rock can fossils be found?

a)

Sedimentary Rocks

b)

Igneous Rocks

c)

Metamorphic Rocks

55.

How are fossils created?

a)

Traces of organisms get turned into stone.

b)

Dead organisms are quickly buried for millions of years.

c)

Animals get trapped.

d)

All of the above

56.

Which layer formed first?

a)

Rock Layer W

b)

Rock Layer X

c)

Rock Layer Z

57.

Sedimentary rocks form when broken bits of other rock are deposited and then -

a)

buried and squeezed and cemented together

b)

melted by the heat of the Earth's core

c)

completely dissolved in the salt water of the ocean

58.

Fossils give us evidence about which of the following?

a)

plants and animals that lived long ago

b)

how weathering and erosion break down rocks

c)

the other planets in our solar system

59.

Finding the fossils of trees in an area that is currently a desert without much life might tell us that the area, millions of years ago -

a)

was heavily eroded by strong winds

b)

received enough rain to support a forest

c)

suffered very powerful earthquakes

60.

Several wooly mammoth fossils have been found. Mammoths, which lived hundreds of thousands of years ago, were covered with thick fur. Based on the evidence, mammoth fossils tell us that the area in which they are found -

a)

has too many humans

b)

no longer has large animals

c)

was, at one time, very cold

61.

Finding fossils in an area can help us learn what about that location?

a)

The kinds of organisms that lived there long ago

b)

The effect of the climate on the formation of the soil

c)

How modern plants and animals interact there

62.

An area is currently a forest. What evidence would best indicate that this area was covered by water millions of years ago?

a)

An increase in rainfall in the forest over time

b)

The presence of plants in the forest that need water to live

c)

Fossils of fish discovered in rock below the forest

63.

Herbivores are animals that eat plants. Finding many fossils of large herbivores in rocks that are millions of years old would lead to what conclusion about the ancient environment of the area? A reasonable conclusion is that the area was once a -

a)

rocky seashore

b)

thriving grassland

c)

frozen lake

64.

The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water and ice

a)

erosion

b)

weathering

c)

pressure

65.

Wind, water, ice and gravity carry sediments away

a)

weathering

b)

deposition

c)

erosion

66.
A mark or depression made by pressure
a)
fossil fuel
b)
imprint
c)
coal
67.

What type of tides would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?

a)

neap tide

b)

spring tide

c)

new moon tide

68.

What type of tide would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?

a)

full moon tide

b)

new moon tide

c)

neap tide

69.

During which two moon phases do Spring Tides take place?

a)

New and Full

b)

1st and 3rd Quarters

c)

Waxing and Waning

70.

Name the moon phase

a)

waning crescent

b)

waxing crescent

c)

waning gorilla

71.

Name the moon phase

a)

First Quarter

b)

Full Moon

c)

New Moon

72.

Waxing means...

a)

Growing

b)

Moving

c)

Losing light

73.

Which season is taking place in the Northern Hemisphere in Position 4?

a)

Winter

b)

Spring

c)

Summer

d)

Fall

74.

Name the phase of the moon for letter a

a)

First Quarter

b)

Last Quarter

75.
At position A, which hemisphere would have summer?
a)
Northern hemisphere
b)
Southern hemisphere
76.

What happens when the area in which you live tilts away from the sun?

a)

It is summer.

b)

It is spring.

c)

It is winter.

77.

Why do we experience the changing of the season on the earth?

a)

distance from the sun

b)

rotation of the earth

c)

tilt of the earth's axis

78.

Period of 24 hours or the time it takes Earth to make one complete spin on its axis

a)

Rotation

b)

Compass

c)

Movement

79.

Why does the area around the equator stay the same temperature all year?

a)

The equator rotates slower than the poles.

b)

The equator remains the same distance from the sun.

c)

The equator always receives direct sunlight.

80.

Relating to the Moon

a)

Solar

b)

Lunar

c)

Seasons

81.

The spinning of the Earth on its axis

a)

Rotation

b)

Revolution

c)

Orbit

82.

The path of an object as it revolves around another object

a)

gravity

b)

rotation

c)

orbit

83.

The movement of one object around another

a)

revolution

b)

rotation

c)

orbit

84.

Because of the tilt of the Earth, as it revolves around the sun, this happens

a)

seasons

b)

Gravity

c)

Neap Tides

85.

The amount of light you see on the moon as it goes around the Earth

a)

Spring Tides

b)

Neap Tides

c)

Moon Phases

86.

Partial or total blocking of one object in space

a)

gravity

b)

Orbit

c)

Eclipse

87.

Highest tides when the Earth, sun and moon are lined up in a row

a)

Spring Tides

b)

Neap Tides

c)

Eclipse

88.

The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass

a)

Gravity

b)

Tides

c)

Moon Phases

89.

Relating to the sun

a)

gravity

b)

lunar

c)

solar

90.

The rise and fall of ocean water

a)

Neap Tides

b)

Spring Tides

c)

Tides

91.

choose 2 things that cause seasons

a)

Moon Phases

b)

Tilt of the Earth

c)

Revolution of the Earth around the sun

92.

Which type of Eclipse is shown in the picture?

a)

Lunar

b)

Solar

93.

Which type of Eclipse is shown in the picture?

a)

Lunar

b)

Solar

94.

What is the governing force in the solar system when it comes to movement?

a)

energy

b)

size

c)

gravity

95.

How does size of an object impact gravity?

a)

The larger the mass, the more gravity it has.

b)

Size does not impact gravity.

c)

The smaller the mass, the more gravity it has.

96.

What force causes tides?

a)

friction

b)

gravity

c)

magnetic

97.

What is a tide?

a)

an extreme pull from the gravity of the Sun

b)

a continual rise and fall of water in seas and oceans

c)

a cyclical pattern of temperatures in seas and oceans

98.

When the Moon and the Sun are on opposite sides of the Earth, they work together to form an extremely high tide. What is this tide called?

a)

neat tide

b)

spring tide

c)

neap tide

99.

Which of these is true about how often tides occur?

a)

High tides and low tides occur twice a day, and neap and spring tides occur twice a month

b)

High tides and low tides occur twice a month, and spring tides and neap tides occur twice a year.

c)

Tides have no pattern

100.

What is the difference between waxing and waning?

a)

Waxing comes after a full moon and waning comes after a new moon.

b)

Waxing means that there is no light and waning means that there is light.

c)

The light is getting bigger when it is waxing and smaller when it is waning.

101.

What characteristics of inner planets are correct?

a)

Terrestrial, smaller, few or no Moons

b)

gas, smaller, few or no moons

c)

gas, larger, man moons

102.

Inner planets have ___ orbits and outer planets have ___ orbits.

a)

longer, shorter

b)

shorter, longer

c)

square, circular

103.

What is the hottest planet in the solar system due to its thick atmosphere which traps greenhouse gases?

a)

Venus

b)

Earth

c)

Mars

104.

The surface of Jupiter and Saturn are composed of what two materials?

a)

rock and metal

b)

liquid and gas

c)

ice and gas

105.

The planet with the most moons (satellites) is

a)

Neptune

b)

Jupiter

c)

Saturn

106.

The distance between the outer planets is ___ compared to the distance between the inner planets.

a)

greater

b)

less

c)

similar

107.

Which type of eclipse is shown in this diagram?

a)

Lunar Eclipse

b)

Solar Eclipse

108.

What type of eclipse is happening in this picture?

a)

Lunar Eclipse

b)

Solar Eclipse

109.

What type of eclipse is happening in this picture?

a)

Lunar Eclipse

b)

Solar Eclipse

110.

Why do we have seasons?

a)

The sun is tilted on its axis.

b)

The Earth is tilted on its axis.

c)

Earth revolves around the sun.

111.

How many degrees is the Earth's axis tilted?

a)

0

b)

23.5

c)

50

112.

What is the moon phase during a solar eclipse?

a)

Full Moon

b)

New Moon

c)

1st Quarter

113.

What is the moon phase during a lunar eclipse?

a)

Full Moon

b)

New Moon

c)

3rd Quarter

114.

Under what conditions will an eclipse take place?

a)

Only when the sun and earth are directly lined up

b)

Only when the moon and earth are directly lined up

c)

Only when the moon, sun and earth are directly lined up

115.

Although the moon is much smaller than the sun, it looks about the same size when viewed from Earth? Why?

a)

The moon is farther from Earth than the sun.

b)

Earth is closer to the sun than the moon.

c)

The moon is closer to Earth than the sun.

116.

A solar eclipse happens during wich moon phase?

a)

waning

b)

full moon

c)

new moon

117.
What is the darkest inner part of the shadow cone called, where a total eclipse can be viewed.
a)
Total
b)
Umbra
c)
Penumbra
118.
What is the larger outer lighter part of the shadow cone called, where a partial eclipse can be viewed?
a)
Partial
b)
Umbra
c)
Penumbra
119.
For a solar eclipse to occur, what has to happen?
a)
The sun must be directly between Earth and the moon.
b)
The moon must be directly between Earth and the Sun.
c)
Earth must be directly between the Sun and the moon.
120.
When the Earth's shadow falls on the moon, the shadow causes what to happen?
a)
Lunar eclipse
b)
Solar eclipse
c)
Partial eclipse
121.

During a solar eclipse...

a)

The sun is blocked

b)

The Earth is blocked

c)

The moon is blocked

122.

During a lunar eclipse

a)

Earth's shadow covers the moon

b)

the sun's shadow covers the moon

c)

the moon covers the sun

123.

Since some light will still illuminate the moon, it will appear

a)

red

b)

green

c)

blue

124.

The reason there isn't a lunar eclipse every month is because

a)

the moon's tilted orbit doesn't put it in Earth's shadow very often.

b)

the moon gets frightened after an eclipse and stays away from Earth, but it forgets soon.

c)

there isn't enough planets and moons in the solar system for it to happen more.

125.
A student made a model of how the Earth, Moon, and Sun orbit. She used ping-pong balls
to represent each one. She painted each one a different color. Then, she placed the Moon
and Earth close together and the Sun much further away.What is one limitation of the student's model?
a)
She used the same size balls.
b)
She made earth orbit the sun.
c)
She moved the Sun away from the Earth and Moon.
126.

Which planet in our solar system is closest to the Sun?

a)

Earth

b)

Jupiter

c)

Mercury

127.

Which of the following is an accurate model of how the Sun, Earth, and Moon move?

a)

Sun and moon orbit Earth

b)

Earth and moon orbit Sun

c)

Earth orbit's the Sun and the moon orbits Earth

128.

What planet is eighth in the Solar System?

a)

Mars

b)

Jupiter

c)

Neptune

129.

The moon is a natural ______ of Earth.

a)

comet

b)

axis

c)

satellite

130.

Earth and the other planets closest to the Sun are made mostly of _______

a)

gas

b)

rock

c)

water

131.

The __________ has planets, moons, comets, and asteroids.

a)

solar system

b)

earth

c)

rotation

132.

One of the main differences between the outer and inner planets is __________.

a)

The inner planets all have water

b)

the inner planets are much bigger than the outer planets

c)

the outer planets are gas planets

133.

Where is the asteroid belt found?

a)

between earth and mars

b)

Between Uranus and Neptune

c)

Between Mars and Jupiter

134.

Why does Earth have different seasons?

a)

because of the distance between Earth and the sun

b)

because of the tilt of Earth on its axis as it moves around the sun

c)

because of the amount of light blocked by the moon on its axis

135.

Which is the largest object in our solar system?

a)

Sun

b)

Jupiter

c)

Pluto

136.

A ball of ice and dust with a tail of gas and dust pointing away from the sun.

a)

Asteroid

b)

Comet

c)

Meteor

137.

A small rocky object orbiting the sun.

a)

Asteroid

b)

Comet

c)

Meteor

138.
Which of the following is a "shooting star"?
a)
comet
b)
meteor
c)
asteroid
139.
Pluto is described as a ____.
a)
dwarf planet
b)
9th planet in our solar system
c)
giant planet
140.
The pull between two objects and one of the forces that keeps the planets in orbit is __.
a)
gravity
b)
inertia
c)
tugging
141.
What affects the force of gravity of two objects in space?  (HINT:  Outer Planets in comparison to Inner Planets)
a)
weight and height
b)
mass and distance
c)
because they're made of gases
142.

This planet appears to roll when rotating on its 90 degree axis...

a)

Neptune

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

143.

Which planet is 4th from the Sun and contains iron oxide in its soil?

a)

Mars

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

144.

Which of the following movements produces night and day on Earth?

a)

revolution

b)

rotation

c)

tilt of the axis

145.

Which of the following rotates in the opposite direction from Earth?

a)

Venus

b)

Jupiter

c)

Mars

146.

The tail of a comet usually faces

a)

toward the sun.

b)

away from the Earth.

c)

away from the Sun.

147.

A meteorite is DIFFERENT from a comet mainly because

a)

a meteorite has a tail of ice and gas.

b)

a meteorite is made of rock and snow.

c)

a meteorite enters the Earth's atmosphere.

148.

We appear as a streak in the sky.

a)

asteroid and comet

b)

comet and meteor

c)

asteroid and meteor

149.

I usually burn up in Earth's atmosphere.

a)

meteor

b)

asteroid

c)

comet

150.

This is the last test I will take in science as a 7th grader.

a)

True

b)

False

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