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WorksheetsMrs. Webb semester 2 exam BIO
Total questions: 127
Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins
The process by which a cell divides into 2 daughter cells is called
cell division
metaphase
interphase
mitosis
which of the following happens when a cell divides
The cells volume increases
It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients
The cell has DNA overload
Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent's cell
When during the cycle are chromosomes visible
only during interphase
only when they are being replicated
only during cell division
only during the G1 phase
Which of the following is a phase in teh cell cycle
G1 phase
G2 phase
S phase
M phase
Which pair is correct
G1, DNA replication
G2, preparation for mitosis
S, cell division
M, cell growth
When during the cell cycle is the cell's DNA replicated
G1
G2
S
M
Cell division is represented in the figure by the letter
a
b
c
d
The structure labbled A in the figure is called the
centromere
centrioles
sister chromatid
spindle
The structures labeled B in the figure are called
centromeres
centrioles
sister chromatids
spindles
During what phase of mitosis are structures like the one shown in the figure visible
anaphase,prophase
prophase,metaphase
metaphase
anaphase,interphase
The first phase of Mitosis is
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
interphase
One difference between cell division is plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have
centrioles
centromeres
cell plate
chromatin
Cancer is a disorder which some cells lose the ability to control
size
spindle fibers
growth rate
surface area
Cancer cells form masses called
tumors
cyclins
growth factors
p53
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
flowering
gamete formation
the inheritance of traits
cross-pollination
The chemical factors that determine traits are called
allels
traits
genes
characters
When the tall pea plant was crossed with a short pea plant the F1 inherited
an allele for tallness
an allele for tallness and allele for shortness
an allele for shortness
an allele only from the tall plant
The principle of dominance states that
all alleles are dominate
all alleles are recessive
some alleles are dominate and others are recessive
alleles are neither dominate or recessive
A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. If the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to self-pollinate
the offspring will be at medium height
all of the offspring will be tall
all of the offspring will be short
some of the offspring will be tall, and some will be short
when you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up as tails
1/2
1/4
1/8
1
the principles of a probability can be used to
predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetics crosses
determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses
predict the traits of the parents used in the genetic crosses
Decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses
In the P generation, a tall plantr is crossed with a short plant. The probability that the F2 plant will be tall is
25%
50%
75%
100%
In the punnet square which of the following are is true about the offspring resulting from the cross
about half are expected to be short
all are ecpected to be short
about half are expected to be tall
all are expected to be tall
what principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each others inheritance
a principle of dominance
principle of independent assortment
principle of probabilites
principle of segregation
The punnet square shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color
assort independently
are linked
have the same allels
are always homologous
How many different allele combinations would be found in gametes produced by a pea plant whose geneotype was RrYY
2
4
8
16
situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominate over another allele for that gene are called
multiple alleles
incomplete dominance
polygenic inheritance
multiple alleles
The cross of a black chicken with a white chicken produces all speckled offspring. this type of inheritence is known as
incomplete dominace
codominance
polygenetic traits
multiple alleles
Variation in human skin color is an example of
incomplete dominance
codominance
polygentic traits
multiple alleles
Gregor Mendelś principles of genetics apply to
plants only
animals only
pea plants only
all organisms
If an organisms diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
12
6
24
3
Gametes have
homologous chromosomes
twice the number of chromosomes found in body cells
twosets of chromosomes
one allele for each gene
Gametes are produced by the process of
mitosis
meiosis
crossing-over
replication
What is shown in the figure
independent assortment
anaphase 1 of meiosis
crossing-over
replication
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
diploid cells
haploid cells
2N daughter cells
body cells
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
two genetically identical cells
four genetically different cells
four genetically identical cells
two genetically different cells
Avery's experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by
RNa
DNA
proteins
carbohydrates
What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into mice?
The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria
The mice developed pneumonia
The harmless bacteria died
The mice were unaffected
Not doing
HEYYYYY
AYEEEE
A FREBIE
COOOOOOOL
Figure 12 shows what
DNA molecule
amino acid
RNA molecule
protein
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA
ribose,phosphate group, thymine
ribose,phosphate group, uracil
deoxyribose,phosphate groups,uracil
deoxyribose,phosphate group,cytosine
In Eukaryotes, DNA
is located in the nucleus
floats freely in the cytoplasm
is located in the ribosomes
is circular
During mitosis, the
DNA molecules unwind
histones and DNA molecules separate
DNA molecules become more tightly coiled
nucleosomes become more tightly packed
DNA is copied during the process called
replication
translation
transcription
transformation
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
TCGAAC
GATCCA
AGCTTG
GAUCCA
RNA contains the sugar
ribose
deoxyribose
gluclose
lactose
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
adecnine
uracil
phosphate groups
thymine
Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA
ribose,phosphate groups,and adenine
deoxyribose,phosphate groups, and guanine
phosphate groups,guanine,and cytosine
phosphate groups, guanine,and thymine
How many types of RNA are there
1
3
100
1000
which type of RNA is involved in protein synthesis
transfer RNA
messenger RNA only
ribosomial RNA and transfer RNA only
messenger,ribosomial,and transfer RNA
What is produced during transcription
RNA
DNA
RNA polymerse
proteins
What does figure 12-2 show
anticodons
the order in which amino acids are linked
the code for splicing mRNA
the genetic code
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids
3
6
9
12
Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon
some codons have the same sequence of nucleotides
There are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids
Some codons do not specify an amino acid
The codon AUG codes for the amino acid methonine and serves as the "start" codon for protein synthesis
What happens during the process of translation
Messenger RNA is made into DNA
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
Transfer RNA becomes messenger RNA
Copies of DNA molecules are made
Which type of RNA function as a blueprint for the genetic code
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
RNA polymerse
A mutation that involves one or few nucleotides is called a
chromosomal mutation
inversion
point mutation
translocation
Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation
inversion
insertion
deletion
substitution
Which of the following is NEVER a frameshift mutation
substitution
insertion
deletion
point mutation
Which of the following have been produced by selective breeding
horse breeds
cat breeds
dog breeds
all of the above
Selective breeding produces
more offspring
fewer offspring
desired traits in offspring
transgenic traits
Which of the following is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles for genetic disorder
inbreeding
hybridzation
genetic engineering
transformation
The crossing of buffalo and cattle to create beefalo is an example of
inbreeding
hybridization
genetic engineering
transformation
Which of the following statements is NOT true
Inbreeding and hybridization are opposite processes
A hybrid plants has all the characteristics of both of it's parents
Inbreeding can produce an offspring that has a defect that neither parents have
Hybridization is used to produce new varieties of plants and animals
What is the ultimate source of varibility
inbreeding
radiation
hybridization
mutations
Which of the following includes all of the others
hybridzation
inbreeding
selective breeding
induced muations
What does figure 13 show
gel eletrophroesis
DNA sequencing
a restriction enzyme producing a DNA fragment
polymerese chain reaction
In figure 13 between what nucleotides are the DNA cut
adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
thymine and cytosine
adenine and guanine
The process of changing the DNA code for a living organism is called
selective breeding
genetic engineering
inbreeding
hybridzation
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA for different sources know as
a mutant
a hybrid
a polyploid
recombbinant DNA
Genetic engineering onvolves
reading DNA
editing DNA
reinserting DNA into living things
all of the above
If two DNA samples showed an identical pattern and thickness of bands produced by gel electrophoresis, the samples contained
The same amount of DNA
fragments of the same size
The same DNA molecules
All of the above
During transformation
a prokaryote is changed into a eukryote
a cell takes in DNA from the outside cell
foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid
a cell is mutated
What kind of technique do scientists use to make trans genetic organisms
hybrization
inbreeding
inducing mutations
genetic engineering
The Scottish scientist Ian Wilmunt cloned what
bacterium
sheep
plant
cow
Which of the following is a clone
the adult female sheep whose DNA was used to make Dolly
a transgenic mouse
a bacterium taken from a bacterial colony
the tobacco with the luciferase trait
Why is Dolly a clone
the source of her DNA was a single body cell
The DNA molecules on all her cells are identical
She was produced using the DNA from an adult's egg cell
She is genetically identical to her offspring
What kind of cells were used to make Dolly
body
egg
egg/sperm
body/egg
How many cells are in a normal human karyotyoe
2
23
44
46
Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype
a change in DNA base
an extra chromosome
genes
alleles
In humans, a male has
one X chromosome only
two X chromosomes
one X and Y chromosomes
two Y chromosomes
Human females produce egg cells that have
one X chromosome
two X chromosomes
one X or Y chromosome
two Y chromosomes
What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female
10
25
50
75
A female human inherits
one copy of every gene located on each X chromosomes
Twice as many sex chromosomes as a human male inherits
one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome
all of the same genes that a human male inherits
In a pedigree, a circle means
male
female
child
adult
A pedigree can be used to
determine whether or not a trait is inherited
show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next
determine whether an allele is dominate or recessive
All of the above
Which of the following is caused by a dominate allele
Huntington's disease
PKU
Tay-Sachs disease
none of the above
Which of the following genotypes result in the same phenotype
Ia Ia and Ia Ib
Ib Ib and Ib ib
Ib Ib and Ia Ib
Ib i and ii
Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles
Rh blood group
ABO blood group
PKU
Huntington's disease
Sickle cell disease is caused by
a change in DNA base
change in the size of the chromosome
change in two genes
change of #s in a chromosome
In cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes a protein called CFTR to
become less soluble
fold improperly
destroy the cell membrane
transport sodium ions instead of chloride ions
Most sex-linked genes are located on
the autosome
the X chromosome
the Y chromosome
both X and Y chromosomes
Which of the following form a barr body
The Y chromosome in a male cell
The X chromosome in a male cell
one of the X chromosomes in a female cell
one of the Y chromosome in a female cell
The failure of chromosomes to seperate during meiosis is called
nondisjuctional
X-chromosome inactivation
Turner's syndrome
Down syndrome
Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female
XY
XXY
XXXY
XX
During his voyage on the Beagle, Charles Darwin made many observations
in England
in North America
on the Galapagos Islands
in Asia
On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
completely unrelated species on each of the Islands
species exactly like those found in South America
somewhat similar species, with traits that suited their particular environments
species completely unrelated to those found in South America
James-Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms
have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection
have an innate tendency to become simpler as time passes
inherit all of the adaptations they display
belong to species that never change
James-Hutton and Charles-Lyell work suggest
earth is millions of years old
earth is several thousands of years old
all fossils wee formed the last 1000 years
all rocks are fossils
Which is a major concept included in Lamarck's theory of evolution
change is a result of survival of the fittest
body structure can change according to actions of the organism
population size decreases that rate of evolution
Artificial selection is the bias for evolution
The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that
in the human population, people die faster than they are born
the world will soon be insufficient food for the growing population
in the 1700s, England needed more housing
the majority of species offspring die
Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics support the hypothesis that these finches
have the ability to interbreed
acquired traits though use and disuse
all eat the same type of food
descended from a common ancestor
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
natural selection
artificial selection
artifical variation
survival of the fittest
When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed but some escape. What part of natural selection might be used to describe the situation
acquired characteristics
reproductive isolation
survival of the fittest
descent of modification
Charles Darwin called the abilty of an organism to survive and reproduce in it's specific enviroment
diversity
survival if the fitness
adaptation
evolution
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
characteristics their parents acquired by use and diuse
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
the greatest number of offspring
variations best suited to the environment
An adaption is an inherited characteristics that can be
physical or behavioral
physical or geographical
acquirred during the organisms lifetime
the result of artificial selection
In humans the pelvis and femur or thigh bone are involved in walking, In whales
examples of fossils
vestigial structures
acquired traits
examples of natural variation
Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as
evidence that Earth was thousands of years old
a detailed record of evolution
interesting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species
evidence that traits acquired through use or disuse
Darwins theory of evolution suggests that
species change over time
extinct species are not related to living species
different species can interbreed
animals that look alike are most likely related
All the genes of all members of a particular population make up the populations
relative frequently
phenotype
genotype
gene pool
Interbreeding among members of a population results in
different types of alleles in the gene pool
an absence of genetic variation in the population
changes in the relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool
The change in sequence of DNA is called a
recombination
polygentic trait
single-gene trait
mutation
In many kinds of organisms, inheritable differences are due mostly to
mutations during gamete formation
polygenetic traits
gene shuffling during gamete formation
the effects of radiation
A single gene trait that has two alleles and that show a simple dominate-recessive pattern will result in
one phenotype
two phenotype
four phenotypes
millions of prototypes
A single of a single gene trait is
widows peak
the weight of a human infant when its born
height in humans
beak sizes of birds
The phenotype for a typical polygentic trait can often be expressed as
a bar graph
a bell-shaped curve
Mendelian ratios
allele frequencies
Natural selection acts directly on
alleles
genes
phenotypes
mutations
When individuals with at only one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is
directional selecion
stabilizing selection
disrutive selection
genetic drift
When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is
not predictable
disruptive selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
In a population of finches in what one group of birds have a short, parrot like beck and another group has a long narrow beak, what process has probably occurred
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
genetic drift
In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of
mutations
chance
natural selection
genetic equilibrium
Which of the following events do biologist consider a random change
directional selection
speciation
disruptive selection
genetic drift
A factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species is
reproduction at different times
geographical barriers
different mating behaviors
reproduction isolation
The geographical isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase difference between their gene pools because it
prevents interbreeding between the populations
prevents interbreeding within each population
causes temporal isolation of the two populations
Although they often live in the same habitat, the american toad breeds earlier in the Spring than the Fowler's toad does. What can be inferred
The two species do not interbreed because of the geographic isolation
the two species do not interbreed because of temporal isolation
The two interbreed through the spring season
What is the first step that occured in the speciation of the Fowler's toad
establishing genetic equilibrium
behavioral isolation
ecological competition
arrival of the founding population
