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DNA & Genetics Practice Quiz (EOY #4)

Total questions: 123

Worksheet time: 2hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
_____________________ is the appearance of an organism, or how it looks
a)
phenotype
b)
ratio
c)
recessive trait
d)
heredity
2.
What is genetics?
a)
The study of DNA nucleotides
b)
The study of heredity
c)
The study of a cell dividing into 2
d)
The study of eye color
3.
What is a recessive allele?
a)
A trait that is always shown (capital letter)
b)
A trait that can be hidden (lower case letter)
c)
Alleles that are the same
d)
Alleles that are different
4.

What does Bb represent?

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

c)

Recessive

d)

Alleles

5.

What are the two genotypes that show the DOMINANT phenotype?

a)

GG, gg

b)

GG, Gg

c)

Gg, gg

6.
Which of the following pairs is homozygous dominant?
a)
Hh
b)
pp
c)
HH
d)
aa
7.

What does a filled in square represent?

a)

Female without the disorder

b)

Male without the disorder

c)

Male with the disorder

d)

Female with the disorder

8.
This pedigree represents the inheritance of hemophilia in this family. How many of the females have the hemophilia trait?
a)
8
b)
5
c)
2
d)
3
9.
What do half colored symbols represent?
a)
The individual is a carrier (heterozygous).
b)
The individual expresses the trait.
c)
The individual has both recessive alleles.
d)
The individual has both dominant alleles.
10.
What does an open circle represent?
a)
Not Affected Male
b)
Not Affected Female
c)
Affected Male
d)
Affected Female
11.

Which individual in the first generation is a carrier?

a)

The male

b)

The female

c)

The grandchild

d)

None of the above

12.
How many people in the pedigree are carriers for the disorder? 
a)
6 
b)
8
c)
2
d)
9
13.
Which genotype is homozygous dominant?
a)
HH
b)
Hh
c)
hh
14.
If the parents are both heterozygous (Aa, Aa.) Is there a chance that their offspring will be recessive (aa)?
a)
NO WAY
b)
yes, 75% chance
c)
yes, 25 % chance
15.
Gregor Mendel developed some basic principles of heredity by
a)
crossing pea plants
b)
breeding fruit flies
c)
cutting off the tails of mice
d)
growing bacteria in a laboratory
16.
One flower is heterozygous red (Rr) and it is crossed with a homozygous white (rr) plant. Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having a white color.
a)
100%
b)
25%
c)
75%
d)
50%
17.

Who are carriers for seX linked traits?

a)

elderly

b)

kids

c)

females

d)

males

18.

In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant, and blue eyes are recessive (b). If a homozygous dominant male is crossed with a heterozygous female, what are the most likely genotypes of the offspring?

a)

100% homozygous dominant

b)

100% heteozygous

c)

50% homozygous dominant

50% heterozygous

d)

50% homozygous dominant

50% homozygous recessive

19.

Which disorder listed below has characteristics of no pigments in the eyes or skin?

a)

Albinism

b)

Tay-Sachs

c)

Hemophillia

d)

Cystic Fibrosis

20.

Which of the following is a sex-linked disorder?

a)

Hemophilia

b)

Sickle cell anemia

c)

Cystic fibrosis

d)

Huntington's

21.

How many people in this whole pedigree are heterozygous?

a)

7

b)

3

c)

4

d)

6

e)

5

22.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
23.
A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance.  What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
24.
What type of inheritance do two alleles have if their traits blend together? 
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co-Dominance
25.
In chickens, feather color is codominant.  If a black chicken BB is mated with one that is black and white (BW) what are the chances of having a chicken that is black and white?
a)
50%
b)
0%
c)
25%
d)
100%
26.
In Andalusian fowls, black individuals (BB) and white individuals (bb) are homozygous. Heterozygous individuals are grey (Bb).  
What is the genotype ratio for a cross between a grey fowl and a white fowl?
a)
2 BB: 2 Bb: 0 bb
b)
0 BB: 4 Bb: 0 bb
c)
0 BB: 2 Bb: 2 b
d)
1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb
27.

What type of inheritance is determined by multiple genes and there can be a range of traits?

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete dominance

c)

Polygenic traits

28.
If a father is AA and a mother is AB, what is the probability for a child with AB blood? 
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
29.

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X R Y ?

a)

male with white eyes

b)

female with white eyes

c)

male with red eyes

d)

female with red eyes

30.
If a woman is a carrier for a sex linked recessive trait of hemophilia and her husband has hemophilia, which of the following is true? Make a punnett square!
a)
All sons will have hemophilia
b)
all daughters will have hemophilia
c)
50% of daughters and 50% of sons have hemophilia
d)
100% of sons have hemophilia and 100% of daughters are carriers
31.

Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?

a)

9/16

b)

3/16

c)

1/16

d)

16/16

32.
Is this trait (the shaded individuals) dominant or recessive?
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
33.
If a trait is more likely to appear in one sex over the other......
a)
the trait is probably sex-linked.
b)
the trait is probably autosomal.
c)
the trait is probably co-dominant
d)
the trait if probably incompletely dominant
34.
What is the mode of inheritance shown here?
a)
Autosomal Dominant
b)
Autosomal Recessive
c)
Sex Linked Recessive
d)
Co-dominant
35.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
36.

Which process is used to copy DNA in the nucleus?

a)

replication

b)

transcription

c)

translation

37.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon GUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Valine
38.
What do we call the process of turning DNA into mRNA?
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Cloning
39.

What disease is characterized by abnormally c-shaped red blood cells?

a)

hemophilia

b)

sickle cell anemia

c)

phenylketonuria

d)

Huntington's

40.

The process where ribosomes use the code from mRNA to build a chain of amino acids during protein synthesis

a)

Transcription

b)

Replication

c)

Duplicaton

d)

Translation

41.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
42.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
43.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
44.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
45.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
46.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
47.

What is the correct complimentary strand for the following DNA?

ATCGAG

a)

TACGAG

b)

ATCGAG

c)

TAGCTG

d)

TAGCTC

48.

RNA contains which sugar?

a)

deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

glucose

d)

fructose

49.

RNA has what base instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

50.

Which amino acids would be added to a polypeptide if the mRNA codons are CCC-GUC-AUG?

a)

proline-alanine-threonine

b)

glycine-glutamine-tyrosine

c)

proline-valine-methionine

d)

leucine-cysteine-asparagine

51.
What type of macro-molecules are DNA and RNA?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Nucleic Acid
d)
Lipid
52.
In mRNA, each codon specifies a particular 
a)
nucleotide
b)
amino acid
c)
purine
d)
pyrimidine
53.
Using the codon identify the amino acid sequence:
AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA
a)
MET-HIS-ALA-GLY-STOP
b)
MET-PRO-GLY-VAL-STOP
c)
MET-PRO-VAL-GLY-STOP
d)
MET-THR-SER-ASP-STOP
54.
How many bases are in one codon?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
55.
What structure in a cell is the site for making proteins?
a)
ribosomes
b)
mitochondria
c)
lysosome
d)
Golgi body
56.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
57.
The "central dogma" states that genetic information flows from 
a)
Protein-->mRNA-->DNA
b)
Protein-->DNA-->mRNA
c)
mRNA-->DNA-->Protein
d)
DNA-->mRNA-->Protein
58.

Which kitten is most likely the offspring of this cat?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

59.

Two llamas are produced with the exact same DNA in a science lab. What is this known as?

a)

Stem Cell Therapy

b)

Genetically Modified Organisms

c)

Cloning

d)

Gene Therapy

60.

If scientists engineer the DNA of tomatoes to make them survive in cold temperatures, what do type of technology do those tomatoes become?

a)

Human Genome Project

b)

Genetically Modified Organisms

c)

Punnett Squares

d)

Gene Therapy

61.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
62.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
63.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
64.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
65.
A frameshift mutation can occur with either _________ or __________ mutations.
a)
Addition, division
b)
Deletion, substitution
c)
Addition, substitution
d)
Addition, deletion
66.
What type of chromosomal mutation is this?
a)
Inversion
b)
Translocation
c)
Deletion
d)
Duplication
67.
Identify the SUBSTITUTION mutation from the following DNA sequence: 
ATG CCA AAT
a)
ATG TCA AAT
b)
ATG CCT AAA T
c)
ATC CA  AT
d)
ATG CCA AAT
68.
What type of chromosomal mutation is this?
a)
Translocation
b)
Inversion
c)
Deletion
d)
Duplication
69.

Each section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a...

a)

Chromosome

b)

RNA

c)

Gene

d)

Enzyme

70.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
71.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
72.

Where does Transcription take place?

a)

Inside the nucleus

b)

Inside the cytoplasm

c)

Inside the Ribosome

d)

Inside the Rough ER

73.

What happens to the mRNA sequence after it has been synthesized?

a)

stays in the nucleus

b)

leaves the cell

c)

leaves the nucleus

d)

separates into smaller pieces

74.

DNA is confined to the nucleus.

a)

True

b)

False

75.
What does mRNA do?
a)
provides information from DNA to ribosomes
b)
transfers amino acids to the ribosomes
c)
makes up ribosomes
d)
builds proteins
76.

Created models of DNA

a)

Chargaff

b)

Franklin

c)

Watson and Crick

d)

Hershey and Chase

77.

Used x-rays to take pictures of DNA

a)

Chargaff

b)

Franklin

c)

Watson and Crick

d)

Hershey and Chase

78.

Figured out the amount of A, T, G, and C that many different organisms have

a)

Chargaff

b)

Franklin

c)

Watson and Crick

d)

Hershey and Chase

79.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
80.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
81.

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT

a)

GAC TTA

b)

CTG AAT

c)

GAC UUA

d)

CUG AAU

82.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
83.
DNA has a _____________ structure. 
a)
double helix
b)
single strand
c)
ring 
d)
chain
84.

Which of the following make up a nucleotide?

a)

Phosphate, sugar, and base

b)

Sugar, nitrate, and base

c)

Lipid, phospate, and sugar

d)

Protein, phosphate, and base

85.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
86.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
DNA is single-stranded
b)
RNA is single-stranded
c)
DNA contains uracil
d)
RNA contains deoxyribose
87.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
88.
Normal-
AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG
Mutant-
AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G
a)
deletion frameshift
b)
insertion frameshift
c)
substitution
d)
nonsense
89.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
90.

A mutation in which only one nucleotide is altered is called a:

a)

Frameshift Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Point Mutation

d)

Insertion Mutation

91.

Genetic mutations can be...

a)

beneficial, harmful, or neutral

b)

beneficial only

c)

harmful only

d)

neutral only

92.

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

93.

Part of a chromosome

is deleted

a)

Deletion Mutation-Gene

b)

Translocation

c)

Deletion Mutation -Chromosomal

d)

Crossing Over

94.

Part of a chromosome is repeated

a)

Gene Mutation

b)

Point Mutation

c)

Deletion Mutation

d)

Duplication Mutation

95.

6E: A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells. Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin?

a)

Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Duplication

d)

Substitution

96.
Mutations affect the ________ of a protein. Because of this the proteins ______ is affected as well. 
a)
gene, function 
b)
sequence, gene
c)
shape,function
97.

What type of mutation is this?

a)

Duplication

b)

Inversion

c)

Deletion

d)

Translocation

e)

none

98.

What type of mutation is shown?

a)

Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Point

99.

What type of mutation?

a)

Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Translocation

100.

This is the practice of producing a genetically identical cell or organism

a)

Cloning

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

DNA Fingerprinting

101.
A lab technique used in crime fighting to prove a suspects innocence or guilt is known as:
a)
genetic engineering
b)
PCR
c)
electrophoresis
d)
gene therapy
102.
What is recombinant DNA?
a)
Adding DNA from one organism into the DNA of another
b)
DNA which has been changed over generations by natural selection
c)
DNA that causes genetic disorders
d)
DNA that has been sequenced
103.
Another name for GMO (Genetically Modified Organsim) is ____________.
a)
Transgenic
b)
Transplanted
c)
Transducted
d)
Plasmid
104.

Which suspect left the blood stain?

a)

Bob

b)

Sue

c)

John

d)

Lisa

105.

The laboratory process that makes many copies of DNA

a)

PCR

b)

Electrophoresis

c)

Gene Therapy

106.

The insertion of a gene of interest into a bacterial DNA loop is called

a)

recombinant DNA

b)

insertion technique

c)

mutation propagation

107.

The graphic shown here is called a

a)

PCR

b)

DNA fingerprint

c)

electrophoresis gel

108.

Which of the following is an example of biotech in which researchers sequenced and mapped ALL genes in the human species?

a)

Stem Cells

b)

Human Genome Project

c)

Cloning

d)

Gene Therapy

109.

Which of the following is unspecialized cells that have the potential to become any other cell in the body?

a)

Stem Cells

b)

Human Genome Project

c)

Cloning

d)

Gene Therapy

110.

Which of these processes utilizes electricity to pass through a gel that contains DNA samples to create a pattern unique to each sample.

a)

DNA Extraction

b)

GMO

c)

CRISPR

d)

DNA Fingerprint

111.

If scientists engineer the DNA of tomatoes to make them survive in cold temperatures, what do type of technology do those tomatoes become?

a)

Human Genome Project

b)

Genetically Modified Organisms

c)

Punnett Squares

d)

Gene Therapy

112.
Which suspect is likely guilty?
a)
Suspect #1
b)
Suspect #2
c)
Suspect #3
113.

Which kitten is most likely the offspring of this cat?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

114.

Which best describes a controversial issue associated with the use of genetically modified crops?

a)

the use of genetically modified crops to increase potential yield

b)

the short term use of genetically modified crops in famine stricken countries

c)

the development of genetically modified crops which are resistant to herbicides

d)

the long term effects which may arise from the use of genetically modified crops

115.

The diagram below represents some steps in a procedure used in the field of biotechnology. This bacterial cell can now be used to produce

a)

the bacterial gene for insulin that can be inserted into humans

b)

enzymes necessary to treat human diseases

c)

human genes for enzymes that can be inserted into humans

d)

insulin that can be used by humans

116.

Which technique would use DNA from an extinct species to recreate an organism of the species?

a)

natural selection

b)

differentiation

c)

cloning

d)

selective breeding

117.

In what way is biotechnology useful to law enforcement agencies such as the police or FBI?

a)

It can help identify who was present at the scene of a crime.

b)

It can help undercover officers disguise themselves.

c)

It might help determine who might be the victime of a future crime.

d)

It can help determine who is most likely to become a criminal in the future.

118.

How can agricultural biotechnology have a positive impact on the environment?

a)

By developing crops that are pest resistant requiring fewer pesticides to be used. 

b)

planting crops in shaded areas.

c)

Harvesting crops that have thick stems and leaves.

d)

water crops with a recycled irrigation system.

119.

What are some examples of biotechnology being used in agriculture?

a)

Crop irrigation

b)

DNA fingerprinting

c)

Gentically modified crops

d)

Crop rotation

120.

GMO stands for

a)

Genetically Modeled Organisms

b)

Genetically Modified Organism

c)

I have no idea

121.

Using genetic engineering to treat or cure diseases is called:

a)

Bacterial transformation

b)

Selective breeding

c)

Gene therapy

d)

Alternative medicine

122.
This is an example of ___________?
a)
Incomplete dominance
b)
Co-Dominance
123.
This is an example of ___________.
a)
 Incomplete Dominance
b)
 Codominance

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