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WorksheetsUnit 8 Evolution
Total questions: 124
Worksheet time: 4hrs 8mins
What do we call a change in a species over time?
Adaptation
Evolution
Extinction
Environmental influences
Whales are aquatic mammals that contain a pelvis (hip) bone. Even though it does not aid in its movement, the function must have been used by a common ancestor of the whale. Thus, the pelvis is referred to as a(n)
vestigial structure
analogous structure
homologous structure
The founder effect will create a new population with ____________ genetic diversity than the original population.
more
less
the same
less or the same
Selection pressures act on .......
genotypes.
phenotypes.
allele frequencies.
amino acid sequences
All primates have the following features EXCEPT:
large brains
arms that rotate at the shoulders
grasping hands
bipedalism
The ability to walk upright on two legs is called:
bipedalism
quadropedalism
bicyclepedalism
tripedalism
Which hominid species is most closely related to Homo sapiens?
Homo habilis
Australopithecus afarensis
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo heidelbergensis
Why was having a larger brain advantageous for early hominins?
It made them able to walk upright
It helped them to see better
It increased intelligence and helped them hunt and survive
It prevented them from making dangerous weapons
According to the theory of evolution, which of the following statements is true?
Humans evolved from chimpanzees
Chimpanzees evolved from humans
There is no evolutionary relationship between humans and chimpanzees
Humans and chimps evolved from common ancestors
If the fossil record of human evolution is incomplete, why do scientists still believe humans evolved from ape-like ancestors?
Because existing evidence in the fossil record strongly suggests it
Because scientists make a lot of money by promoting the theory of evolution
Because the theory of evolution is more than 100 years old, which means it must be correct
Because humans and apes look similar to one another
Most recent ancestral species from which two different species evolved
common ancestor
relative dating
fossil record
analogous structures
What is is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do?
Evolution
Adaptive Radiation
Biogeography
Biogeology
Below is DNA from 4 organisms. From this gene, which organism appears to be most closely related to the Dog?
Chimpanzee
Fly
Mushroom
none of these
Homologous structure are used by biologist for evidence of common ancestry. Homologous structures have the same basic structure ___________________________
, but different function
and same function
Which of the following is a common MISCONCEPTION of Natural Selection.
Organisms that are well adapted to the environment grow and reproduce
Organisms that are the most fit are always the strongest and fastest
within a population mutations are random
Natural selection occurs based on the environmental factors
The Galapagos Tortoise shell evolving from round to "saddle-back" which allows the tortoise to stretch its neck, is most likely natural selection due to ________________ .
genetic mutation
change of food source
addition of a predator
a natural disaster like a hurricane
What trait separates lampreys from tuna on this cladogram?
Hair
Vertebral column
amniotic egg
jaws
What do pigeons have in common with lizards?
Mammary glands
Claws
Feathers
Fur
Which conclusion is supported by the cladogram?
Liverworts and Ferns are the most closely related
Cycads and Flowering Plants are the most closely related
Moss and Cycads are the most closely related
Liverworts and Flowering Plants are the most closely related
The wings of robins (a type of bird) and the wings of butterflies (a type of insect) are an
example of
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Punctuated evolution
Adaptive radiation
_____ is the evolution toward similar traits in unrelated species.
Coevolution
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
speciation
Scientists have found evidence that about 2.4 million years ago a gene regulating jaw muscles mutated and may have led to the more graceful human jaw we see today. The diagram below shows the skulls of 3 hominid species. Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?
The jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time as did the skull.
The jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time.
There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids over time.
The jaws of hominids changed over time due to a change in brain size
How is the scientific theory of evolution supported by the comparison of the skulls and skeletons of modern humans and extinct hominids?
By making the hip, spine, and skull comparisons, the age of different hominid specimens can be determined.
Comparison of skull and skeletons provides evidence that humans and different hominid species interacted.
Similarity in skull shapes, hands, and hips between extinct hominids and humans supports a common ancestry.
Skull and skeleton comparisons can explain why hominids were inferior and became extinct while humans evolved.
Homo sapiens and other species of humans belong to the same group called:
hominins
primates
homo sapiens
Lucy
All of these are advantages of bipedalism EXCEPT:
Hands are free to carry food.
Save energy when walking long distances.
Hands are free to use tools.
Easier to balance on two legs.
This feature allowed hominins to work in groups, communicate, solve problems, and create new things.
large brain
color vision
smaller teeth
bipedalism
Fungi
The taxonomic level that would include the MOST number of species
class
kingdom
phylum
genus
What characteristics are used to divide organisms into kingdoms?
number of cells, nucleus, obtaining energy
number of legs, mammal, reptile
obtaining energy, habitat, nucleus
number of cells, eggs or live birth, aquatic or terrestial
Protist
Animal
Protist
Animal
Protist
Where do adaptations come from?
The individual organism decides to adapt
Mutations that give an organism an advantage in its environment
Genetic recombination during meiosis
Both mutations and genetic recombination are sources of adaptation
"Organisms that are better adapted to the environment survive to pass traits to their offspring" is the definition of
Natural Selection
Evolution
Selective Breeding
Artificial Selection
Which best describes the role of mutations in natural selection?
Mutations help an organism to better survive in their environment
An organism may acquire a helpful mutation by interacting with the environment
A mutation may result in a beneficial trait that makes an organism more likely to survive and reproduce
Organisms with certain traits are more likely to win competitions for mutations
The more genetic variation a population has,
the more likely it is for some individuals to
evolve
migrate
survive
mutate
Mutations are important because they bring about
death of the organism in which they develop
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
benefits for the individual, not for the population
changes in genotype, but not phenotype
Why is competition important for natural selection?
It shows which variations are more successful, allowing the organisms with those variations to survive.
It causes organisms, regardless of which traits they have, to die out, reducing the population size.
It causes organisms to get stronger due to having to outcompete other species.
Competition is not important for natural selection.
How do you "win" at natural selection?
survive
go extinct
survive & reproduce
Scientists can explore whether two different animal species have evolved from a common ancestor, using evidence from all of the sources below except
analysis of strands of DNA
comparisons of bones and muscles
comparison of the experiences of each organism
studies of embryos during development

