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WorksheetsCP Biology Final Review
Total questions: 82
Worksheet time: 43mins
The function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen from one place to another. What molecule is responsible for carrying oxygen?
Homeostasis
Cilia
Hemoglobin
Mitochondria
A structure formed 5 days after conception with a distinctive our layer and inner layer is called
A zygote
A somatic cell
An embryo
A blastocyst
Another term for a fertilized egg
baby
embryo
stem cells
fetus
What is the process of cell specialization called?
Proliferation
Morula
Differentiation
Blastocyst
The name of the part labelled “A” in the drawing of the blastocyst
Blastocysts cavity
Embryo
Inner cell mass
Somatic stem cells
Where can scientists obtain stem cells?
Only from an embryo
Only from the brain
Only from tissues in the body
From an embryo or tissues in the body
What is a stem cell?
A cell only found in the stem of plants.
An unspecialized cell with the ability to create specialized cells
A specialized cell who can only generate cells of the same type
A specialized cell like a red blood cell or neuron
What is the relationship between nucleic acids and nucleotides?
nucleic acids make up nucleotides
nucleotides make up nucleic acids
nucleotides are made up of a base, sugar, and phosphate group and nucleic acids are made up of a base, phosphate group, and DNA polymerase
Nothing, they are the same thing
The strong bonds that hold nucleotides together in the same strand of DNA are called
Covalent bonds
Ionic Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
It is a combination of covalent and hydrogen bonds
Which of the following could make up one nucleotide found in DNA?
Base + phosphate group + thymine
cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
deoxyribose + phosphate group + nitrogenous base
During DNA replication, what enzyme unzips the DNA?
Helicase
Lactase
Deoxyribose
DNA Polymerase
During DNA replication, what enzyme uses the old strand as a template to use base pairing and make a complementary strand?
Helicase
Lactase
Deoxyribose
DNA Polymerase
DNA is antiparallel, what does that mean?
It is made up of smaller units that bond together to make one large macromolecule
They are not exact copies, but you can use one strand to make the other
The strands run in opposite directions (the phosphate is up one side and down on the other)
When the two strands bond together, they form a double helix
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
TCGAAC
AGCTTG
GATCCA
GUACCA
Using the Double Helix Model to the right,, what does number 11 represent?
A base Pair
Deoxyribose
A phosphate Group
A nucleotide
Using the double helix model to the right, what does number 12 represent?
A base pair
Hydrogen Bond
Covalent Bond
A nucleotide
What is produced during transcription?
RNA molecules
DNA molecules
RNA polymerase
Proteins
How many bases are used to form a codon?
One
Three
Hundreds
Thousands
Genes contain instructions for assembling
nucleotides
proteins
phosphate groups
amino acids
What happens during translation?
messenger RNA is made from a DNA code?
the cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins
transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code
copies of DNA molecules are made
Which molecules are involved during protein synthesis?
transfer RNA, introns, and mutagens
messenger RNA, introns, and ribosomal RNA
ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and mutagens
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
Cross-Pollination is a form of
Self-pollination
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Differentiation
Mendel’s idea that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive is called
Differentiation
Principle of dominance
Fertilization
Law of Segregation
If a pea plant’s alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents?
Both parents were tall
Both parents were short
Both parents contributed a recessive allele
Both parents contributed a dominant allele
Different forms of a gene distributed to offspring through a process called
Differentiation
Principle of Dominance
Fertilization
Law of Segregation
What happens to chromosome number during meiosis?
it doubles
it halves
it stays the same
it becomes diploid
A cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes (n) is called
Diploid
haploid
allele
singular
Chromosomes that control the same inherited traits are called
homozygous chromosomes
homologous chromosomes
heterozygous chromosomes
heterologous chromosomes
A human body cell is
diploid
haploid
allele
singular
Variation in human skin color is an example of
incomplete dominance
codominance
polygenic traits
multiple alleles
What is being shown in Figure 11 - 1?
independent assortment
diploid homozygous chromosomes
Crossing-over
Law of segregation
What is formed at the end of meiosis?
two identical diploid cells
two identical haploid cells
four non-identical haploid cells
four non-identical diploid cells
The farther apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the
more likely they are to be inherited together
more likely they are to be separated by crossing over and be linked
less likely they are to assort independently
less likely they are to be separated by crossing over
A true-breeding red flower is crossed with a true-breeding white flower. All offspring appear pink. This is an example of
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Polygenic trait
DNA that is created by joining together of DNA molecules from two different species is called
Clone
Recombinant DNA
Therapeutic DNA
Zombie DNA
Figure 14.1 Human Chromosomes, is called a(n)
Autosome
Hybrid
Karyotype
Chromosome
how many chromosomes are in your body (somatic) cells?
10
12
23
46
how many chromosomes are in human gametes?
10
12
23
46
A homozygous black chicken is crossed with a homozygous white chicken. All offspring a speckled black and white chickens. This is an example of
Incomplete dominance
Multiple alleles
Codominance
Polygenic trait
There are more than three versions of the human blood gene, A, B, and O. This is an example of which of the following?
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Polygenic trait
What gamete possibilities could come from a parent with the genotype AaBB?
AB, AB, aB, aB
Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab
Ab, AB, Ab, ab
AB, aB, ab, aB
If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?
codominant trait
sex-linked trait
polygenic trait
incomplete dominance
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is
dominant and located on the X chromosome
recessive and located on the Y chromosome.
recessive and located on the X chromosome.
recessive and located on the Y chromosome.
In a pedigree, such as the one in Figure 14–4, a circle represents a(an)
male
child
female
adult
Recessive traits, like that shown in Figure 14-4,
Show up much more frequently in males
Show up more frequently in females
Show up in every generation
Often skip generations
What do the half circles in recessive pedigrees, like the one shown in Figure 14-4 represent?
People who are homozygous dominant
People who are homozygous recessive and have the trait being followed
People who do not have the trait being followed but carry the allele for it
People who do have the trait being followed
he trait in pedigree in Figure 14–5 has two alleles: P (dominant) and p (recessive). The black symbols show the dominant phenotype, and the white symbols show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of individual number 1?
Pp
PP
P
p
How many generations are shown in the pedigree in Figure 14–5?
2
4
6
8
Dominant traits, like that shown in Figure 14-5,
Show up more frequently in males
Show up more frequently in females
Show up in every generation
Often skip generations
For the pedigree in Figure 14–6, shaded symbols represent afflicted people. Males are squares; women are circles. If the trait is a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome, what is true about the mother represented by circle 1?
She has two alleles for the disorder.
She has one allele for the disorder.
She has no alleles for the disorder.
She has the genotype XXY.
Sex linked traits, like the one shown in Figure 14-6. Appear more frequently in
females
males
children
the first generation
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?
competition for food and space
variation among species
inheritance of acquired characteristics
survival and reproduction
The variation of coat color in rodents is an example of
genetic diversity
selective pressure
asexual reproduction
Increased chance of survival
When farmers breed organisms for traits they like best, like sweetest fruit and fastest horses, this is known as
Fitness
Survival of the fittest
Artificial selection
Genetic Engineering
Antibiotics are powerful medicines that help fight
Viruses
Fungus
Bacteria
All microbes
Two organisms that are closely related would have
very similar DNA sequence
no proteins in common
exactly the same DNA sequences
completely different DNA sequence
Which of the following is NOT a component of the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Variation between individuals in the population
Traits are passed down from parents to offspring
The largest and fastest organisms survive
More organisms are born than can survive
According to the theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
Characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
Characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
The greatest number of offspring
Variations best suited for environmental conditions
How does natural selection contribute to the theory of evolution?
Over time, natural selection results
Natural selection selects for the same animals every time
Over time, natural selection changes the frequency of certain variations in the population
Natural selection gives organisms what they need, so they can survive and evolve
A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
Behavioral isolation
Gametic isolation
Temporal isolation
Geographic isolation
The fossil record shows
Most species have not evolved
Some species are “in between” major groups of organisms
All species are today just as they were when they were created
A complete record of all life that has ever existed on Earth
Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes
The nearly universal genetic code
The presence of vestigial structures
A tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species
The transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA
What part of the brain connects the nervous system to the endocrine system?
Adrenal Gland
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
What are hormones?
electrical signals that go between glands
chemical signals that go between neurons
chemical messengers in the blood
chemicals involved in DNA replication and transcription
What is blood pressure?
The amount of times the heart beats in one minute
The force of blood on the veins
The force of blood on the arteries
The force of blood on the heart
Why are feedback mechanisms important to the human body?
Maintain homeostasis
Regulate the shape of molecules involved in cellular communication
Increase nutrient absorption
Decrease heart and breathing rates
Cortisol exerts a negative feedback on the HPA-axis because
It causes a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, which is the opposite effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine
It causes the adrenal glands to produce more epinephrine, which causes the HPA axis to increase
It tells the nervous system to stop producing hormones and thus stops the HPA axis.
It causes the hypothalamus to stop producing corticotropin releasing hormone, thus stopping the HPA axis
The process of replacing missing or defective genes with healthy ones to cure disease
Differentation
Gene Therapy
Natural Selection
Transgenic
An organism who has DNA from two different organisms in it
Transgenic
Homozygous
Recessive
Speciation
Choose all that apply to Meiosis
makes gametes
form of asexual reproduction
has 2 cell divisions
makes 2 cells
crossover occurs
Choose all that apply to meiosis
starts diploid
ends haploid
ends with genetically identical daughter cells
makes body cells
Choose all that apply to mitosis
starts diploid
ends haploid
ends with genetically identical daughter cells
makes body cells
Choose all that apply to Mitosis
makes gametes
form of asexual reproduction
has 2 cell divisions
makes 2 cells
crossover occurs
