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Unit 8 - AP BIO Ecology Review

Total questions: 116

Worksheet time: 2hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A herd of zebras would be considered a
a)
community
b)
species
c)
ecosystem
d)
population
2.
Two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other:
a)
commensalism
b)
parasitism
c)
herbivory
d)
mutualism
3.
All of the following are density-dependent factors that limit animal populations EXCEPT.
a)
weather
b)
predation
c)
food competition
d)
birthrate
4.
Which of the following is a primary consumer in this food web?
a)
Foxes
b)
Carrots
c)
Mice
d)
Owls
5.
Which organism contains the most energy?
a)
Rabbit
b)
Grains
c)
Birds
d)
Mice
6.
Which point on the graph represents carrying capacity?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
7.
Why is only 10% of the energy passed along to the next trophic level?
a)
90% is lost through heat, reproduction, and movement
b)
90% is gained
c)
90% is lost in light energy
d)
because only 10% is lost
8.
All of the following statements concerning characteristics of predator-prey relationship are correct EXCEPT:
a)
Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey.
b)
A rise in the population of predators is followed by a decreased in the population of prey.
c)
A rise in the population of prey is often followed by a rise in the population of predators.
d)
The population of predators most often eliminates the population of prey
9.
Which of the following best explains why there are seldom more than five trophic levels in a food chain?
a)
Most carnivores function at more than one trophic level
b)
Trophic levels about this numbers contain too many individuals
c)
Energy is lost from each trophic level
d)
The ecosystem contains too much biomass
10.
Which of the following encompases all the others?
a)
ecosystem
b)
community
c)
population
d)
individual
11.
Refer to the diagram of the survivorship curve.
Which curve best describes an organism that invests a lot of energy in parenting?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
this is not a survivorship curve
12.
A species described as r-strategist would definitely NOT have which of the following characteristics?
a)
clumped population pattern
b)
much parenting
c)
many offspring
d)
random population pattern
13.
Which letter shows the the exponential growth of a population?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
14.
The two species, Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum, which do not prey upon each other, fighting to grow in the same test tube is an example of which of the following?
a)
Competition
b)
Predation
c)
Commensalism
d)
Exclusion
15.
The maximum population size for a species based on the environmental factors is called
a)
ecological footprint
b)
carrying capacity 
c)
population growth
d)
environmental capacity
16.
There are 200 bears in an area.  10 emigrate, 15 immigrate, 10 are born and 20 die.  How many are left?
a)
195
b)
205
c)
200
d)
260
17.
A group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same area is best called
a)
community
b)
population
c)
ecosystem
d)
symbiotic relationship
18.
When two species of cattails are grown together, they grow at different water depths and coexist.  When grown alone, they grow at similar water depths.  Which of the following is best demonstrated by the data?
a)
natural selection
b)
character displacement
c)
resource partitioning
d)
ecological succession
19.
Which of the following correctly describes the interactions between T. castaneum and the parasite.
a)
The parasite decreases the population density of beetles in each culture dish.
b)
The parasite increases the population density of beetles in each culture dish.
c)
The parasite has no effect on the population density of the beetles.
20.

What is the rate of change for the population grown without a parasite from day 200 to day 400?

a)

200 days

b)

a loss of approximately 15 beetles/200 days

c)

a loss of approximately 30 beetles/200 days

d)

30 beetles

21.
How do matter and energy flow differently?
a)
Energy flows in one direction, matter is recycled
b)
Matter flows in one direction, Energy is recycled
c)
Energy and Matter are both recycled
d)
Energy and Matter both flow in one direction
22.
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent limiting factor?
a)
A parasite
b)
A natural disaster
c)
A decrease in prey
d)
A food shortage
23.
Primary consumer's energy is 54,000 joules. How much energy was provided to secondary consumers?
a)
53,460 J
b)
540 J
c)
5,400 J
d)
54 J
24.
A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologists observed. Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?
a)
There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels. 
b)
There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels. 
c)
There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels. 
d)
There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have. 
25.
__________ growth shows growth of a population under environmental constraints (carrying capacity-K) that sets a maximum population size 
a)
logistic
b)
exponential
c)
niche
d)
uniform
26.
________ grow slowly over time, cares for its young over a long period of time and is usually near the carrying capacity of its ecosystem.
a)
K-strategists
b)
R-strategists
c)
Uniform strategists
d)
environmentalists
27.
These types of organisms which multiply rapidly in numbers 
a)
R-strategists
b)
K-strategists
c)
predators
d)
mutualists
28.

Species richness is measure of the number of different species living in an ecosystem. Which of the following would be indicated by species richness?

a)

dispersal patterns

b)

amount of biodiversity

c)

density of a population

d)

level of productivity exhibited within the ecosystem

29.
A species that exerts a large, positive impaction on its ecosystem is known as a:
a)
Keystone species
b)
Invasive species
c)
Indicator species
d)
Poached species
30.
What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?
a)
Bushes and Shrubs
b)
Oak trees
c)
Mossess and Lichens 
d)
A rose Bush
31.

What is the most important function of pioneer species?

a)

To function as decomposers

b)

To create soil and add nutrients

c)

Facilitation of the water cycle

d)

Food for animals

32.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
33.
If a blue catfish is introduced and eats the large fish who eat the smaller fish, what will happen to the population of the smaller fish?
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
No affect on smaller fish
34.
What effect will an invasive species have on the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
a)
The carrying capacity will increase
b)
The carrying capacity for everyone will decrease
c)
The carrying capacity will only decrease for those in competition for same resource
d)
The carrying capacity for all animals will stay the same
35.
Kudzu has overgrown many parts of southern Missouri and native ground plants have disappeared from the area. This is an example of:
a)
Parasitism between kudzu and the native plants
b)
A predator prey relationship between ground plants and kudzu
c)
Competition occurring between the native and invasive species
d)
Commesalism occurring between the kudzo and native plants
36.

Based on the figure you can conclude that interspecific competition

a)

allows for both rock barnacles and stellate barnacles to inhabit the same area.

b)

causes the stellate barnacles to grow more slowly than they would normally grow.

c)

restricts stellate barnacles to a smaller portion of the intertidal zone.

d)

causes the rock barnacles to grow more slowly than they would normally grow.

e)

causes the stellate barnacles to grow more quickly than they would normally grow.

37.

A plant species produces a chemical that is toxic to herbivores. Over time, herbivores that can detoxify the chemical increase in frequency. A mutation in the plant produces a new, different toxic chemical that the herbivores cannot detoxify. This is an example of

a)

a mutualism

b)

resource partitioning

c)

coevolution

d)

commensalism

38.
Which of the following would be most likely to occur if a disease killed off all of the grasshoppers in an area?
a)
An increase in mice.
b)
A decrease in the number of snakes.
c)
An increase in fox.
d)
A decrease in grass.
39.

What is the carrying capacity of the following population?

a)

1000

b)

8000

c)

800

d)

600

40.
A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
41.

Type of symbiosis: Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

42.

Type of symbiosis: Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

43.

Bird & Tree: A bird builds a nest in a hole in the trunk of the tree. It is protected from the rain and predators. The tree is not harmed or helped by the bird.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

d)

Competition

44.
A human & a Tape Worm: The tape worm gets a place to live in the intestines of the human and food from the human. The human loses weight and nutrients from the tape worm.
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
45.
Starfish are probably the most important predator in the shallow ecosystem because they eat basically anything that they can come across. Their feeding activities control the whole ecosystem. This is an example of the starfish ___.
a)
habitat
b)
biotic factors
c)
tolerance level
d)
niche
46.
Tree kangaroos live in the upper branches of trees in the rainforests of Queensland, as well as on the island of New Guinea. This is an example of the tree kangaroos ___.
a)
niche
b)
habitat
c)
community
d)
population
47.
What is the name of an animal that is hunted and eaten by other animals?
a)
producer
b)
prey
c)
predator
d)
decomposer
48.

What level of ecological organization would include all squirrels that live in the same area?

a)

biome

b)

community

c)

ecosystem

d)

population

49.
All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n)
a)
community.
b)
ecosystem.
c)
organism.
d)
species.
50.
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a)
have different habitats within the tree.
b)
don’t eat food from the tree.
c)
occupy different niches within the tree.
d)
can find different temperatures within the tree.
51.

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and another benefits is

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism.

c)

commensalism.

d)

predation.

52.
Which of the following represents several species of brightly colored, harmless snakes looking like poisonous coral snakes?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
batesian mimicry
d)
mullerian mimicry
53.
Which of the following represents several species of poisonous snakes bearing bright colors of red, black, and yellow?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
batesian mimicry
d)
mullerian mimicry
54.
Is the pictured graph growth, decay, or linear or none?  
a)
Exponential Growth
b)
Exponential Decay
c)
Linear
d)
None
55.
What point on the graph represents the carrying capacity?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
56.
Which of the following countries have the highest birth rate?
a)
Nigeria
b)
United States
c)
Germany
d)
All have the same birth rate
57.
In which of the following patterns of population do organisms have an unpredictable distribution?
a)
Random
b)
Clumped
c)
Uniform
d)
All of the above.
58.
In which of the following patterns of population are organisms clustered together in groups?
a)
Random
b)
Clumped
c)
Uniform
d)
All of the above.
59.
A certain plant needs moisture, carbon dioxide, oxygen, light, and minerals to survive. This scenario shows that this particular living organism depends on .
a)
Biotic and Abiotc Factors
b)
Biotic Factors 
c)
Abiotic Factors 
d)
None of the Above
60.
Which type of growth is best illustrated by this rabbit population?
a)
exponential
b)
logistic
c)
S-shaped
d)
predator-prey
61.
Carrying capacity is represented by which letter?
a)
r
b)
L
c)
K
d)
c
62.
The carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined by the
a)
number of individuals in the species.
b)
distribution of the population.
c)
reproductive potential of the species.
d)
supply of the most limited resources
63.
Which dispersion pattern usually is a result of resources not being evenly spread out in the environment?
a)
Uniform
b)
Random
c)
Clumped
d)
None of these
64.
Which kind of dispersion is #1?
a)
clumped
b)
random
c)
uniform
65.
J-Shaped curves
a)
show a decline after an increase
b)
display populations that have reached carrying capacity
c)
represent exponential growth
d)
does not depend on the numbe rof resources
66.
Which of the following is an autotroph?
a)
Carrots
b)
Birds
c)
Mice
d)
Grasshopper
67.
Which of the following is an omnivore?
a)
Rabbit
b)
Carrots
c)
Owls
d)
Birds
68.
What type of organism recycles energy back into an ecosystem?
a)
Herbivore
b)
Carnivore
c)
Autotroph
d)
Decomposer
69.
What would happen in the case of a drought?
a)
iguanas would increase
b)
Eagles would increase
c)
grass would increase
d)
all organisms would decrease
70.
which of the following is the essential and dominant characteristic of primary ecological succession
a)
decomposition by bacteria and fungi
b)
replacing new trees after a forest fire destroyed all the old growth
c)
soil building
d)
biological magnification of toxins in food webs
71.
During the carbon cycle, which of the following carbon compounds would be utilized as an energy source by heterotrophs? 
a)
carbonic acid
b)
organic molecules
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
carbon monoxide
72.
An environmental factor such as predation, disease, and competition that depends on the number of members in a population per unit
a)
dispersion
b)
density- independent factor
c)
density- dependent factor
d)
population growth rate
73.
Most of the organisms in the ocean exists in the shallow water over the continental shelves.  Why is this true?
a)
Producers, the beginning of all food chains, can only exist where there is sunlight.
b)
Sea predators can easily catch their prey where the water is shallow.
c)
Water over the continental shelves has more minerals than deep ocean water.
d)
Ocean storms destroy organisms living in deep water.
74.
Animals from two different species utilize the same source of nutrition in one area  It is most accurate to say that the animals 
a)
will learn to get along
b)
will compete for food
c)
will die because there will not be enough food for both of them
d)
will learn to eat different foods
75.
Which of the following is a density-independent factor limiting human population growth?
a)
famine
b)
disease
c)
competition for food
d)
naturally occurring in fires
76.
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
a)
air 
b)
water 
c)
decomposers 
d)
temperature
77.
Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of marine biome?
a)
the largest biome
b)
provides most of the earth's food
c)
temperatures vary tremendously 
d)
the largest source of oxygen
78.
Which of the following is not an important part of the nitrogen cycle?
a)
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
b)
herbivores
c)
oxygen
d)
denitrifying bacteria
79.
Which of the following represents the monarch and viceroy butterflies both have orange wings with the same distinctive black markings?  When the monarch caterpillar feeds on milkweed, a toxic plant, it stores the toxins, making both the monarch caterpillar and butterfly unpalatable and toxic.  The viceroy caterpillar feeds on nontoxic plants.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
batesian mimicry
d)
mullerian mimicry 
80.
What is this a picture of?
a)
Nitrogen cycle
b)
carbon cycle
c)
water cycle
d)
plant cycle
81.
How does carbon dioxide leave the atmosphere?
a)
Through transpiration
b)
Through photosynthesis
c)
Through factory emission
d)
Sunlight
82.
Which process takes Carbon Dioxide from the air and converts it into a form of carbon used by living things?
a)
Precipitation
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Respiration
d)
Bioremdiation
83.
A particular golf course is using large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. What process could move this nitrogen into a local stream?
a)
volatilization
b)
nitrogen fixation
c)
runoff
d)
ammonification
84.
Growing legumes such as alfalfa or soy beans increases
a)
denitrification
b)
nitrogen fixation
c)
ammonification
d)
ammonium oxidation
85.
Which of the following describes the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle? Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert
a)
nitrates intro nitrogen gas
b)
ammonia into proteins
c)
nitrogen gas into ammonia
d)
proteins into nitrates
86.

The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical cycle because it moves ?

a)

only between living things (biosphere)

b)

only in the soil (geosphere)

c)

between living things, the soil, and air

d)

only in the air (atmosphere)

87.
When nitrogen gas is turned in to a form that plants and animals can use is called 
a)
Combustion
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Decomposition
d)
Nitrogen Fixation
88.
What happens when organisms die and decay? 
a)
Their nitrogen moves to the air as nitrogen gas
b)
Their nitrogen returns to the soil as ammonium
c)
Their nitrogen becomes tapped in clay and is unusable
d)
They stay on earth forever
89.
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by
a)
Burning fossil fuels 
b)
Cellular respiration
c)
Decomposing organic matter
d)
All answers are correct
90.
During photosynthesis, carbon is moved from which reservoir (sink) to which reservoir (sink)?
a)
From the atmosphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
b)
From the troposphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
c)
From the lithosphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
d)
From the hydrosphere to the terrestrial biosphere
91.
Which of the following processes converts C6H12O6 to an inorganic molecule CO2
a)
translation
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
excretion
92.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
93.
What are the swellings found on the roots of legumes called?
a)
noodles
b)
nodularisms
c)
nodules
d)
tubers
94.
Which organism is an herbivore?
a)
Mice
b)
Foxes
c)
Birds
d)
Grains
95.
Nitrogen Fixation is carried out by
a)
bacteria 
b)
plants
c)
herbivores
d)
mushrooms
96.
If all ______________ were removed from an ecosystem, no other organisms would have any energy.
a)
Herbivores
b)
Producers
c)
Carnivores
d)
Decomposers
97.
The illustrations below show the age and sex of the human populations in Country 1 & Country 2. The ages are grouped by -year classes, and the sexes are represented separately. The percentages in the different age classes are shown by the relative widths of successive horizontal bars.
In country 1, approximately what percentage of the individuals were younger than fifteen years of age?
a)
10%
b)
21%
c)
42%
d)
52%
98.
During the carbon cycle, which of the following carbon compounds would be utilized as an energy source by heterotrophs? 
a)
carbonic acid
b)
organic molecules
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
carbon monoxide
99.
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of NPP (Net Primary Production)
a)
energy captured minus energy lost
b)
total amount of energy lost
c)
total amount of energy produced from photosynthesis
d)
total amount of energy available within an ecosystem
100.
Which of these populations is experiencing the fastest growth?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
101.
All of the following increases the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere EXCEPT
a)
photosynthesis
b)
slash and burn clearing of tropical rainforests
c)
burning of fossil fuels
d)
burning of wood for cooking and heating
102.
As it moves through the various food web, energy
a)
is lost
b)
is gained
c)
stays the same
d)
none of these
103.

Which of the following graphs illustrates the REALISTIC growth curve of a small population of rodents that has grown to reach a static carrying capacity?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
104.

Approximately how many kg of carnivore (secondary consumer) biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 25,000 kg of plant material?

a)

250,000

b)

2500

c)

250

d)

25

105.

Why is net primary production (NPP) a more useful measurement to an ecosystem ecologist than gross primary production (GPP)?

a)

NPP can be expressed in energy/unit of area/unit of time

b)

NPP can be expressed in terms of carbon fixed by photosynthesis for an entire ecosystem

c)

NPP represents the stored chemical energy that is available to consumers in the ecosystem

d)

NPP is the same as the standing crop

e)

NPP shows the rate at which the standing crop is utilized by consumers

106.

Elephants are not the most dominant species in African grasslands, yet they influence community structure. The grasslands contain scattered woody plants, but they are kept in check by the uprooting activities of the elephants. Take away the elephants, and the grasslands convert to forests or to shrublands. The newly growing forests support fewer species than the previous grasslands. Which of the following describes why elephants are the keystone species in this scenario?

a)

Essentially all of the other species depend on the presence of the elephants to maintain the community

b)

Grazing animals depend upon the elephants to convert forests to grassland

c)

Elephants prevent drought in African grasslands

d)

Elephants are the biggest herbivore in this community

e)

Elephants help other populations survive by keeping out many of the large African predators

107.

Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from this graph?

a)

Female survivability is more negatively affected by larger brood size than is male survivability

b)

Male survivability decreased by 50% between reduced and enlarged brood treatments

c)

Both males and females had increases in daily hunting with the enlarged brood size

d)

Chicks in reduced brood treatment received more food, weight gain, and reduced mortality

108.

What is a logical conclusion that can be drawn from the graphs above?

a)

Developed countries have lower infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy than developing countries

b)

Developed countries have higher infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy than developing countries

c)

Developed countries have lower infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries

d)

Developed countries have higher infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries

e)

a. Developed countries have a life expectancy that is about 42 years more than life expectancy in developing countries.

109.

Food chains are sometimes short because

a)

only a single species of herbivore feeds on each plant species

b)

local extinction of a species causes extinction of the other species in its food chain

c)

most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as it passes to the next higher level

d)

predator species tend to be less diverse and less abundant than prey species

e)

most producers are inedible

110.

9. Consider the food chain grass → grasshopper → mouse → snake → hawk. How much of the chemical energy fixed by photosynthesis of the grass (100%) is available to the hawk?

a)

0.01%

b)

0.1%

c)

1%

d)

10%

e)

60%

111.

If the figure to the right represents a terrestrial food web, the combined biomass of C + D would probably be:

a)

greater than the biomass of A

b)

less than the biomass of H

c)

greater than the biomass of B

d)

less than the biomass of A + B

e)

less than the biomass of E

112.

The high level of pesticides in birds of prey is an example of:

a)

the principle of competitive exclusion

b)

cycling of nutrients by decomposers

c)

exponential growth

d)

biological magnification

113.

Which country is likely experiencing population growth?

a)

Country I

b)

Country II

c)

Neither country I or country II

d)

Both country I and country II

114.

Which of the following lists the biomes as they appear as you move from the equator to the North Pole in the northern hemisphere

a)

tropical rainforest → desert → temperate deciduous forest → taiga → tundra

b)

desert → tundra → taiga → temperate deciduous forest → tropical rainforest

c)

taiga → temperate deciduous forest → tundra → desert → tropical rain forest

d)

tundra → taiga → temperate deciduous forest → desert → tropical rainforest

115.

This curve best describes a K-strategist

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type I and II

e)

none of the above

116.

A growth curve for a population of rabbits that were accidentally introduced into a region of New Zealand is shown to the right. Calculate the mean growth rate of the population of rabbits from day 30 to day 40. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. (dN/dt)

a)

5

b)

50

c)

100

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