WorksheetsFinal Exam Review
Total questions: 128
Worksheet time: 2hrs 46mins
What is Methane produced by?
Combustion & Vehicle Exhaust
Anaerobic Respiration & Methanogenic Bacteria
Evaporation & Transpiration
Anaerobic Respiration & Combustion
Which are Greenhouse Gases? Select all of the following that apply.
Hydrogen
Nitrous Oxide
Methane
Water Vapor
Nitrogen
By which mechanism do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming?
They absorb higher amounts of short wave radiation caused by increased combustion of fossilized organic matter.
Their higher concentration absorbs more long wave radiation coming from the Sun.
Short wave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface increases with their concentration.
They absorb higher amounts of long wave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface as their concentration increases.
If the concentration of Greenhouse Gases rises, then...
more heat will be retained.
more heat will be released.
more water vapor will be retained.
more nitrogen will be released.
What can an increase in the greenhouse effect result in?
increase in the amount of alien/invasive species.
the disruption of ecological niches due to competition
decrease in the amount of food (prey)
all of the above
What is Biomass?
a significant change in the Earth's climate, including changes in weather patterns, the oceans, ice and snow, and ecosystems around the world.
a marine ridge or reef consisting of coral and other organic material consolidated into limestone.
material that comes from living things, including trees, crops, grasses, and animals and animal waste
a type of fuel produced from plants or other forms of biomass. Examples of biofuels include ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas.
What is the correlation between global temperature and C02 concentrations?
There is no correlation between the two.
The higher the temperature, the less c02 is present.
The higher the temperature, the more C02 is present.
The lower the temperature, the more C02 is present.
Why are ice cores useful to scientists?
They are used to measure the Earth's current temperature.
They allow for scientists to measure the amount of radiation is being received by the Earth.
They can be used to measure to the rising ocean levels over certain periods of time.
They allow for scientists to see changes in temperature and the amount of C02 in the atmosphere at the time the ice was formed.
What do records from the twentieth and twenty-first century show about the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
An upward trend with no annual fluctuations
An upward trend with annual fluctuations
Annual fluctuations but no overall trend
Random fluctuations and no overall trend
Which property of a gas means that it is classed as a greenhouse gas?
They trap some of the long-wave radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface
They prevent short-wave radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface
They dissolve in rainwater to produce acid rain
They are only produced by human activity
What contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect?
Methane from agricultural sources
Ozone from violent thunderstorms
Carbon particles in diesel engine exhaust
Carbon dioxide from active volcanoes
Distinguish between short wave radiation and long wave radiation.
Both short wave radiation and long wave radiation are reemitted as heat back into the atmosphere
Long wave radiation comes directly from the sun to be absorbed by the atmosphere while short radiation comes from the sun and is reemitted as heat
Short wave radiation comes directly from the sun to be absorbed by the atmosphere while long radiation comes from the sun and is reemitted as heat
Both short wave radiation and long wave radiation are absorbed upon reaching earth's atmosphere
Which of the following is NOT a potential problem associated with climate change?
The melting of ice habitats
Desertification
Extreme growth in species
Destruction of food webs
What is a potential consequence of the rise in global temperatures on the Arctic ecosystem?
Decreased success of pest species
Increased exposure to UV light
Increase in the ice habitat available to polar bears
Increased rate of decomposition of detritus
In decreasing order, which greenhouse gases have the largest warming effect within the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor
Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
Methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor
What is the effect of global warming on the ocean?
As the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean rises, the pH of the sea surface water has decreased.
The ocean absorbs water vapor, which decreases the amount of carbonate ions needed for coral reefs to survive.
Methane absorbed by the ocean causes sea levels to decrease, which causes the pCO₂ of the ocean to decrease as well.
Because the ocean absorbs 75% of carbon from the atmosphere, this abundance of carbonate ions will be harmful to ocean organisms.
Which of the following is true?
There is a strong correlation between annual fluctuations of temperatures and human emissions.
There is a strong correlation between human emissions and atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide.
There is a weak correlation between temperature variation and human emissions.
There is no correlation between human emissions and atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide.
Which two factors determine the warming impact of a greenhouse gas? Select the two answer choices that apply.
Methane's ability to cause significantly less warming per molecule than carbon dioxide.
The concentration of the gas in the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide's temporary persistence in the atmosphere.
How readily the gas absorbs long-wave radiation.
Water vapor's slow entrance into the atmosphere.
A group of organisms of the same species living in the same environment at the same time who are capable of interbreeding.
population
community
species
habitat
Which of the following is true of autotrophs?
synthesize their own food
ingest organic matter and then break it down
secret enzymes externally and then absorb broken down products
obtain their food from external sources
Which of the following is true of detritivores?
synthesize their own food
ingest organic matter and then break it down
secret enzymers externally and then absorb broken down products
obtain their food from external souces
Food chains are ______, whereas food webs are _____.
circular; linear
circular; branching
linear; branching
branchin; linear
When members of a food chain die, they are broken down by
producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
decomposers
The initial source of all energy for communities comes from
producers
water
sunlight
monomers
_____ can enter and leave and ecosystem, but _____ must be recycled.
organisms; energy
energy; nutrients
nutrients; energy
nutrients; organisms
The shape of an area analyzed in a quadrant study is
round
square
triangular
oblong
Most solar radiation is which type of light?
infrared
green
ultraviolet
blue
Which factors determine the warming impact of a greenhouse gas?
the concentration of the gas in the atmosphere
the percentage of the atmosphere occupied by the gas
how readily the gas absorbs long-wave radiation
when the gas is released
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas
Methane
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Nitrous Oxide
What is the largest contributor to rising carbon dioxide levels?
cattle farming
deforestation
burning fossil fuels
fracking
The transfer of an element from one pool to another is termed.
flush
flex
flux
ion
The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?
Penicillium fungus growing on blue cheese secretes digestive enzymes into the cheese and the absorbs the products. Which nutritional class is it it?
autotroph
consumer
detritivores
saprotrophs
Cyanobacteria absorb carbon dioxide, mineral ions and light, and synthesize carbon compounds? What nutritional class are they in?
autotrophs
consumers
detritivores
saprotrophs
Marine iguanas have teeth and dive into the sea to eat algae. What nutritional class are they in?
autotrophs
consumers
detritivores
saprotrophs
Dung flies lay their eggs on feces and the larvae that hatch out from them ingest the feces? What nutritional class are they in?
autotrophs
consumers
detritivores
saprotrophs
Female Anopheles mosquitoes have piercing sucking mouthparts and can spread malaria when they feed on blood. What nutritional class are they in?
autotrophs
consumers
detritivores
saprotrophs
Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form...
sulfuric acid
carboxylic acid
carbonic acid
calcium carbonate
Huge amounts of carbon are locked up in limestone on Earth. The carbon can be released if the limestone reacts with...
a base
an acid
calcium ions
calcium carbonate
Saprotrophs cannot break down dead leave and organic matter in which of the following two conditions?
aerobic conditions
anaerobic conditions
basic conditions
acidic conditions
Partially decomposed plant matter forms deposits called
coal
calcium carbonate
peat
silt
What is the appropriate unit to measure energy flow through trophic levels in a community?
kJ m-2 y
kJ m3 y-1
kJ m-2 y-1
kJ m2 y-1
A statistical test commonly used to determine if there is a significant association between two variables.
t-test
chi-squared
ANOVA
standard deviation
The presences or absence of two seaweeds was recorded in fifty 1 m2 quadrats. If a chi-squared test for association between the species was performed the degrees of freedom would be _______.
0
1
2
1.5
What is the generally accepted p value in the biological sciences?
p = 0.5
p = 0.1
p = 0.05
p = 0.01
There is no significant difference between the distribution of two species (i.e. distribution is random) is an example of
a null hypothesis
an alternative hypothesis
Which category of organisms is correctly described in this table?
A
B
C
D
What limits the length of a food chain in an ecosystem?
The size of the individual organisms
Competition between organisms
The loss of energy between trophic levels
Natural selection
What are characteristics of species?
I and II
I and III
II and III
I, II and III
The diagram represents a pyramid of energy. What level does the letter X represent?
Light
Primary consumers
Abiotic environment
Producers
How is peat formed?
From methanogenic archeans under anerobic and acidic conditions in deep sea vents
From partially decomposed organic matter under anaerobic and acidic conditions in waterlogged soils
From porous limestone under high pressure, aerobic and alkaline conditions in ocean beds
From bituminous coal under high pressure, anaerobic conditions below ground
What contributes to rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and increases average global temperatures?
An increase in shorter wave radiation emitted by the Earth.
An increase in longer wave radiation emitted by the Earth.
An increase in the combustion of fossilized organic matter
The depletion of the ozone in the stratosphere
Nothing - it's all a hoax
Methanogens produce methane gas. What is the gas converted to in the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide and ozone.
Carbon dioxide and water
What could be represented by arrows 1, 2 and 3?
1 - death of consumers, 2 - cell respiration in saprotrophs, 3 - Cell respiration in producers
1 - death of consumers, 2 - incomplete decomposition, 3 - photosynthesis in producers
1 - cell respiration in saprotrophs, 2 - incomplete decomposition 3 - photosynthesis in producers
1 - cell respiration in consumers, 2 - cell respiration in saprotrophs, 3 - Cell respiration in producers
Who is credited for this model of the cell membrane that was predominant from the 1930s to the 1960s?
Singer and Nicholson
Davson and Danelli
Gorter and Grendel
Watson and Crick
What issues were found with the Davson-danelli model that meant the Singer - Nicholson model was eventually accepted?
Electron micrographs showed a light band sandwiched between 2 dark bands
Freeze etched electron micrographs showed globular structures crossing the membranes
Membrane proteins were shown to have hydrophobic sections.
Fluorescent marking of membrane proteins showed they could move around within the membrane
There were twice as many phospholipids in red blood cells than were needed to make a monolayer membrane.
This freeze-etched electron micrograph of the membrane suggested which piece of evidence that helped to falsify the Davson-Danelli model?
Membrane proteins are not even distributed across membranes
Membrane proteins appear to cross through the membrane
Membrane proteins make an even layer on the outside of membranes
Membranes do not have proteins
Which statements make up the cell theory?
All living things are made of cells.
All cells are microscopic.
Cells are the smallest unit of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties?
They have more genes than unicellular organisms.
Properties of unicellular organisms are enhanced by having many cells.
All of their genes are expressed whereas unicellular organisms express only some.
They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells.
What happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows?
It decreases, so production of waste material is reduced.
It increases, so mineral ion absorption is increased.
It increases, so osmosis is reduced.
It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low.
Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory?
They are found in multicellular organisms.
They contain more than one nucleus.
They are specialized for movement.
They do not carry out mitosis.
Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease?
They can differentiate into retinal cells.
They are readily available from specially created embryos.
They transport white blood cells to the eyes.
They divide by binary fission so provide sufficient cells.
If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different cell types in a body?
Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type.
Cells lose some genes as development occurs.
Genes do not determine the structure of a cell.
Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive.
In Pasteur's experiment, which of the flasks had broth that remained clear? (no bacterial growth)
Neither
Both
The one on the right
The one on the left
A paramecium (a single- celled organism) captures and eats a bacteria cell. What life function is this an example of?
excretion
nutrition
response
homeostasis
The nucleus signals to the cell that the cell needs to divide. What life function is this an example of?
metabolism
response
growth
reproduction
Which type of stem cells are most controversial?
Embryonic stem cells
Cord blood stem cells
Adult stem cells
The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to cell theory. What feature is this?
it lacks a nucleus
it lacks a cell wall
it has only one mitochondrion
it lacks subdivision into separate cells
All of the chemical reactions that occur in living things.
metabolism
genetics
homeostasis
evolution
Reproduction that only involves one parent.
sexual
asexual
impossible
increases genetic diversity
Which of the following distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
The presence of a nucleus
The presence of ribosomes
The presence of a cell wall
The presence of genetic material
Which of the following best describes prokaryotic DNA?
Prokaryotes have plasmid DNA that is floating in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotes have plasmid DNA contained within a nucleus
Prokaryotes have linear DNA that is floating in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotes have linear DNA contained within a nucleus
Aaniyah is examining a cell under a microscope. She notices a mitochondria inside. Which of the following is a conclusion she might draw?
She is examining a eukaryotic cell.
She is examining a prokaryotic cell.
This cell could be either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Where in the human body can pluripotent stem cells be found?
nowhere
bone marrow
umbilical cord
embryo
Which of the following cells can be described as multipotent?
An embryonic cell that can differentiate into all the cell types in the body
A adult brain stem cell that can differentiate into one of several nerve cells found in the brain
A zygote that can divide and differentiate into all the cell types in the body including the placenta
A cell that is already specialised
What process best explains how muscle cells and nerve cells can develop from the same fertilized egg?
genetic engineering
mitosis
differentiation
sexual reproduction
In Stargardt's, the type of cells that are degenerated are the:
retina
immune
embryonic
stem
Rocks are not living because
they never move
they don't get bigger
they are not made of cells
they don't breathe
When pathogens get into our bodies, we have an immune system response that fights the pathogens until we get back to our most healthy state. The characteristic of life this describes best is...
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Adaptation
Reproduction
Which statement is true about these 2 animals?
The elephant has larger cells
Both animals have the same size cells
The mouse cells are more efficient
The elephant cells divide faster
What is the surface area of this cube?
600 cm
600 cm2
60 cm
60 cm2
The SA:V ratio is given for 4 different cells. Which cell would be most likely to survive?
48:6
48:2
2:48
6:48
Characteristics and/or abilities that only arise from the interaction of the component parts of a structure.
Differentiation
Hierarchy
Adaptation
Emergent property
Striated muscle is an example of an exception to the cell theory because
It has very large cells
Muscle isn't made of cells
The cell has many nuclei
There is no cell membrane between the cells
Which is true of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells do not have nuclei, and prokaryotic cells do have nuclei.
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic cells.
Some prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a cellular structure called a flagella. What is the purpose of the flagella?
to transport molecules across the cell membrane
to propel the cell through liquid
to collect food for the cell
to attach the organism to something else
You would find this type of ribosome in
Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Only the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
This image shows the ________________ process of _______________________.
sexual ; binary fission
asexual ; binary fission
sexual ; mitosis
asexual ; mitosis
The type of cell that stores carbohydrates as glycogen is a
Plant
Animal
Plant and animal
No cells store carbohydrates as glycogen
