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Microbiology Midterm Review! WOOP!!

Total questions: 134

Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Bacteria are:

a)

Prokaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls

b)

Eukaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls

c)

Prokaryotes with chitin cell walls

d)

Prokaryotes who live in extreme environments (no peptidoglycan)

2.

___________ are prokaryotes that live in extreme environments (ex: thermophiles and halophiles)

a)

Archaea

b)

Bacteria

c)

Algae

d)

Protozoa

3.

Eukaryotes that have chitin cell walls and hyphae

a)

Fungi

b)

Algae

c)

Protozoa

d)

Archaea

4.

Protozoa are

a)

single celled prokaryotes

b)

single celled eukaryotes

5.

Photosynthetic eukaryotes. Thought to give rise to the first plants on Earth.

a)

Algae

b)

Fungi

c)

Archaea

d)

Protozoa

6.

Helminths fall under the category of

a)

Multicellular Animal Parasites

b)

Algae

c)

Protozoa

7.

First person to observe live microbes under a microscope

a)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

b)

Ignas Semmelweis

c)

Louis Pasteur

d)

Robert Shmingleshmongler

8.

Robert Hooke

a)

Started cell theory

b)

Invented vaccines

c)

Discovered penicillin (the first antibiotic)

d)

Invented science

9.

Proved biogenesis and discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer.

a)

Louis Pasteur

b)

Ignas Semmelweis

c)

Robert Koch

d)

Edward Jenner

10.

Developed the germ theory of disease (each disease is caused by a specific microbe)

a)

Robert Koch

b)

Alexander Fleming

c)

Louis Pasteur

11.

Tried to prevent childbed fever by encouraging doctors and nurses to wash hands.

a)

Ignas Semmelweis

b)

Edward Jenner

c)

Jonathan Flimflam

d)

Robert Hooke

12.

Credited with implementing the first aseptic techniques in hospitals

a)

Joseph Lister

b)

Alexander Fleming

c)

Edward Jenner

13.

Developed the first vaccine

a)

Edward Jenner

b)

Alexander Fleming

c)

Robert Hooke

14.

Discovered the first antibiotic (penicillin)

a)

Alexander Fleming

b)

Ignas Semmelweis

c)

Robert Hooke

d)

Lars VanDoogle

15.

Select the 3 domains of life:

a)

Eukarya

b)

Bacteria

c)

Archaea

d)

Animalia

e)

Plant

16.

Which is the correct way to write in binomial nomenclature?

a)

Genus species

b)

genus Species

c)

Species genus

17.

Acellular. Consist of DNA or RNA core surrounded by a protein coat. Are replicated only when they are in a living host cell.

a)

Viruses

b)

Bacteria

c)

Archaea

d)

Zombies

18.

What is a charged atom called?

a)

Ion

b)

Isotope

c)

Isopod

19.

Isotopes are elements that differ in the number of...

a)

neutrons

b)

protons

c)

electrons

d)

neutrons and electrons

20.

What is the mass of an atom with 8 protons, 8 neutrons and 7 electrons?

a)

16

b)

23

c)

0

d)

-1

21.

What is the charge of an atom with 5 protons, 6 neutrons and 4 electrons?

a)

+1

b)

-1

c)

11

d)

10

22.

Does glucose appear to be polar or nonpolar?

a)

Polar

b)

Nonpolar

23.

Does this cholesterol molecule appear to be mostly polar or mostly nonpolar?

a)

Nonpolar

b)

Polar

24.

Is water polar or nonpolar?

a)

Polar

b)

Nonpolar

25.

Is this fatty acid tail hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

a)

Hydrophobic

b)

Hydrophilic

26.

Which of the following atoms has the highest electronegativity?

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Carbon

c)

Nitrogen

27.

Is adenine polar or nonpolar?

a)

Polar

b)

Nonpolar

28.

Which of these molecules would dissolve best in water?

a)

Adrenaline

b)

Vitamin A

29.

When atoms share electrons EVENLY

a)

Nonpolar covalent bond

b)

Polar covalent bond

c)

Polar ionic bond

d)

Hydrogen bond

30.

When oppositely charged atoms are attracted to each other

a)

Ionic bond

b)

Polar covalent bond

c)

Nonpolar covalent bond

31.

Name this functional group:

a)

Alcohol

b)

Methyl

c)

Ethyl

d)

Carboxyl

32.

Name this functional group:

a)

Aldehyde

b)

Ketone

c)

Carboxyl

d)

Methyl

33.

Name this functional group:

a)

Amino

b)

Carboxyl

c)

Nitrino

d)

Methyl

34.

Name this functional group:

a)

Ester

b)

Ether

c)

Elmer

d)

Carboxyl

35.

Name this functional group:

a)

Ether

b)

Methyl

c)

Carboxyl

d)

Alcohol

36.

Name this functional group:

a)

Ketone

b)

Ether

c)

Ester

d)

Methyl

37.

Name this functional group:

a)

Methyl

b)

Ethyl

c)

Carboxyl

d)

Amino

38.

Name this functional group:

a)

Sulfhydryl

b)

Ketone

c)

Ether

d)

Amino

39.

What does pH measure?

a)

H+ concentration

b)

O2 concentration

c)

CO2 concentration

d)

Phosphate concentration

40.

As H+ concentration increases

a)

pH value decreases

b)

pH value increases

c)

pH value is unaffected

41.

A substance that is a 13 on the pH scale

a)

Base

b)

Acid

c)

Pure water

42.

Hydrolysis of ATP...

a)

releases energy

b)

requires an input of energy

43.

When ATP is broken down into ADP + Pi

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Phosphorylation

c)

Hydrosynthesis

44.

When ADP and Pi combine to form ATP

a)

Phosphorylation

b)

Hydrolysis

c)

Exergonic reaction

45.

Converting ADP into ATP is

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

46.

Phosphorylation of ADP...

a)

requires an input of energy

b)

releases energy

47.

Function of carbohydrates

a)

short-term energy

b)

long-term energy

c)

instructions for cells

d)

acts as enzymes

48.

Building blocks of carbohydrates

a)

monosaccharides

b)

glycerol and fatty acids

c)

neucleotides

d)

amino acids

49.

Building blocks of lipids

a)

monosaccharides

b)

glycerol and fatty acids

c)

neucleotides

d)

amino acids

50.

Building blocks of proteins

a)

monosaccharides

b)

glycerol and fatty acids

c)

neucleotides

d)

amino acids

51.

Building blocks of DNA or RNA

a)

monosaccharides

b)

glycerol and fatty acids

c)

neucleotides

d)

amino acids

52.

What is this molecule:

a)

An unsaturated fatty acid

b)

A saturated fatty acid

53.

This macromolecule has many functions including enzyme activities, providing structure, cell communication, etc

a)

Proteins

b)

Lipids

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Nucleic acids

54.

Amino acids are the building blocks of

a)

Proteins

b)

Lipids

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Nucleic acids

55.

This protein structure describes the sequence of amino acids

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

56.

This level of protein structure involves folding via hydrogen bonds only.

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

57.

This level of protein structure involves a single chain and includes disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds.

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

58.

This level of protein structure involves Multiple chains and includes disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds.

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

59.

This level of protein folding includes alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets (formed by H-bonds)

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

60.

Most enzymes end with the suffix...

a)

-ase

b)

-ose

c)

-ide

d)

-cyte

61.

How do enzymes speed up reactions?

a)

Lower activation energy

b)

Raise activation energy

c)

Lower initial energy

d)

Lower final energy

62.

What do we call a substance that an enzyme acts on?

a)

substrate

b)

polymerose

c)

kinase

d)

phosphorylate

63.

When the active site of an enzyme is blocked so that it cannot act on its substrate

a)

competitive inhibition

b)

noncompetitive inhibition

64.

This picture shows:

a)

Noncompetitive inhibition

b)

Competitive inhibition

65.
The whiplike tail on some bacteria that help them move
a)
Nucleoid
b)
Pili
c)
Flagella
d)
Cilia
66.
Bacteria have a cell membrane
a)
True
b)
False
c)
Some do, some don't
d)
Only in certain temperature conditions
67.
Which of the following IS found in a bacteria cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Nucleoid
c)
Mitochondria
d)
RER
68.
Name this bacteria shape
a)
coccus
b)
spirillum
c)
bacillus
69.
Name this bacteria shape
a)
bacillus
b)
coccus
c)
spirillum
70.
Name this bacteria shape
a)
coccus
b)
bacillus
c)
spirillum
71.
Which type of bacteria are shown in the image?
a)
Streptobacillus
b)
Staphylococcus
c)
Spirillum
72.
Which type of bacteria are shown in the image?
a)
Streptobacillus
b)
Staphylococcus
c)
Diplobacillus
73.

An endospore is a structure that

a)

is tough and used for survival

b)

weak, for reproduction

c)

help bacteria die

d)

is used for conjugation

74.
All bacteria are harmful to humans
a)
True
b)
False
75.

Which of the following microorganisms is a grapelike cluster?

a)

streptococci

b)

spirochete

c)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

d)

Vibrio cholerae

e)

staphylococci

76.

Name the bacteria.

a)

Staphylococci

b)

Staphylospirilla

c)

Diplobacilli

d)

Streptococci

77.

Which of these help the cell maintain balance (homeostasis) by controlling what moves in and out of the cell?

a)

ribosomes

b)

cell membrane

c)

bacteria

d)

DNA

78.

Which of these processes require energy?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Simple Diffusion

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

None of these

79.

Which type of passive transport requires a protein channel?

a)

Simple diffusion

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Isotonic

80.

What is the name of the structure connecting the two bacilli? (used to exchange DNA)

a)

Flagellum

b)

Pilus

c)

Fimbriae

d)

Glycocalyx

81.

Describe cell arrangement (cluster of 8)

a)

tetrads

b)

streptococci

c)

sarcinae

d)

staphylococci

82.

When the glycocalyx is unorganized and loosely attached.

a)

Slime layer

b)

Capsule

c)

Goopy membrane

d)

Goober layer

83.

Endoflagella are found in ____________________.

a)

spirochetes

b)

bacilli bacteria

c)

coccobacilli bacteria

d)

vibrio bachteria

84.

Cell structures used for attachment

a)

Fimbriae

b)

Pili

c)

Anchors

d)

Pokey jobbers

85.
A ______________ is composed of a phosphate and glycerol head and 2 fatty acid chain tails. 
a)
phospholipid 
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Cholesterol 
d)
Protein 
86.
"Water Loving"
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydroloric
87.
Controls the passage of materials inside and outside of the cell. 
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Lipid Cleric Layer
c)
Membrane Gate
d)
Protein Receptors 
88.
Something is ___________ ____________
when some molecules can cross the membrane while others cannot. 
a)
Selectively (or Semi) Permeable 
b)
Totally Transparent
c)
Liquid Licorice 
d)
Heavily Patrolled 
89.

In which direction will these molecules diffuse? (They CAN pass through the membrane)

a)

from right to left

b)

from left to right

c)

they will not move at all

d)

they will move in both directions equally

90.

Passive movement of substances from high to low concentrations.

a)

diffusion

b)

active transport

c)

hydrolysis

d)

endocytosis

91.

During diffusion, substances move

a)

down a concentration gradient.

b)

up a concentration gradient.

92.

Facilitated diffusion requires a channel or carrier _________ to aid in movement of substances across the membrane.

a)

protein

b)

carbohydrate

c)

phospholipid

d)

cholesterol

93.

Phospholipid heads are...

a)

Polar (hydrophilic)

b)

Nonpolar (hydrophobic)

94.

Phospholipid tails are...

a)

nonpolar

b)

polar

95.
Which form of active transport is being shown?
a)
Facilitated Diffusion
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Protein Pumps
96.
Which form of active transport is being shown?
a)
Pinocytosis
b)
Endocytosis
c)
Exocytosis
d)
Osmosis
97.

Ingestion of LIQUID into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane

a)

Pinocytosis

b)

Phagocytosis

98.
These bacteria are
a)
gram positive
b)
gram negative
c)
nonliving
d)
viral
99.
?
a)
coccus
b)
bacillus
c)
spirilla
d)
none of these
100.
?
a)
streptococcus
b)
staphlococcus
c)
diplococcus
d)
none of these are correct
101.

Which part of the bacteria contains Peptidoglycan?

a)

Lipoproteins

b)

Cell wall

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Porin channel

102.

Why are gram negative bacteria more difficult to treat with antibiotics?

a)

They have bad attitudes

b)

They have two cell membranes

c)

They have thicker peptidoglycan

d)

They have more DNA

103.

Lipid A is a(n) _________ released by __________ bacteria.

a)

endotoxin; gram negative

b)

endotoxin; gram positive

c)

protein; acid-fast

d)

hormone; gram positive

104.

This egg has shrunk, what type of solution was it placed in?

a)

hypotonic solution

b)

hypertonic solution

c)

isotonic solution

105.

If the dots represent sugar what direction will the water flow?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Both equally (equilibrium)

106.

Quorum sensing (between nearby bacteria) is an example of...

a)

autocrine

b)

paracrine

c)

endocrine

d)

hydrocrine

107.

When cells communicate with other cells that are directly touching (often through gap channels)

a)

Juxtacrine

b)

Autocrine

c)

Paracrine

d)

Endocrine

108.

___________ refers to movement towards or away from a stimulus.

a)

-taxis

b)

-onco

c)

-trophia

d)

-hydro

109.

The nucleoid region of a bacteria cell contains...

a)

DNA

b)

water

c)

nutrients

d)

protein pumps

110.
Where does glycolysis take place in cells?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Mitochondrion
c)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
d)
Ribosomes
111.
Which of the following is not a product of glycolysis?
a)
FADH2
b)
NADH
c)
ATP
d)
Pyruvate
112.
What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?
a)
Glucose
b)
ADP
c)
Oxygen
d)
Pyruvic Acid
113.

In glycolysis, glucose is converted into two molecules of _____.

a)

citric acid

b)

oxaloacetic acid

c)

pyruvic acid (pyruvate)

d)

Acetyl CoA

114.

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to ________ after an input of ATP.

a)

Phosphoglyceraldehyde

b)

Succinate

c)

Oxaloacetate

d)

NADH

115.

The link reaction converts pyruvate into _______________

a)

Acetyl CoA

b)

Citrate

c)

Glucose

d)

O2

116.

what happens to atoms in the biosphere

a)

they are destroyed

b)

they are constantly recycled

117.

What is work?

a)

Force X distance

b)

distance X mass

c)

length X with

118.

An organism that eats other things to survive.

a)

chemoautotroph

b)

photoautotroph

c)

heterotroph

119.

anabolism ___________________

a)

uses energy and building blocks to build large molecules

b)

makes small molecules

c)

is when molecules stay the same

120.

Do enzymes act on a broad range of substrates or specific substrates?

a)

broad substrate

b)

specific substrate

121.

Oxidation is when ________________________

a)

electrons are removed

b)

electrons are gained

122.

Reduction is when ____________________

a)

electrons are removed

b)

electrons are gained

123.

What are the openings called that are used for gas exchange in plants?

a)

stomata

b)

stem

c)

leaf

124.

What is always the first step/process of respiration?

a)

Fermentation

b)

Kreb's Cycle

c)

Electron Transport Chain

d)

Glycolysis

125.
NAD+ is an electron
a)
Donator
b)
Acceptor
126.

Which process produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Respiration

c)

Neither

d)

Both

127.
Fermentation involves
a)
aerobic respiration
b)
anaerobic respiration 
128.

Oxaloacetate is an intermediate molecule involved in ______

a)

Calvin Cycle

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

d)

Glycolysis

129.

During the Krebs cycle, citrate is converted to _________ first

a)

α-ketogluterate

b)

succinate

c)

oxaloacetate

d)

toast

130.

The purpose of the Calvin Cycle is to create

a)

ATP

b)

Glucose

c)

NADPH

131.

What is the green pigment that "traps" sunlight?

a)

Chlorophyll

b)

Chloroplasts

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

ATP

132.
The products of photosynthesis are
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and water
c)
sugar and cabon dioxide
d)
oxygen and sugar (glucose)
133.

The final electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation

a)

O2

b)

CO2

c)

H2O

d)

ATP

134.

Which process makes the most ATP?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

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