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WorksheetsUnit 3
Total questions: 88
Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?
a)
digestion
b)
catabolic reactions
c)
anabolic reactions
d)
respiration
2.
Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
a)
The entropy of the universe is constant.
b)
Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter.
c)
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
d)
The entropy of the universe is decreasing.
3.
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
a)
catabolism
b)
catalysis
c)
metabolism
d)
dehydration
4.
A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X →Y→ Z →A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. What is substance X?
a)
A substrate
b)
An allosteric inhibitor
c)
The product
d)
A coenzyme
5.
Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. What is malonic acid's role with respect to succinate dehydrogenase?
a)
It is a competitive inhibitor.
b)
It is an allosteric regulator.
c)
It is able to bind to succinate.
d)
It blocks the binding of fumarate.
6.
Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer the terminal phosphate from ATP to an amino acid residue on the target protein. Many are located on the plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins or peripheral membrane proteins. What purpose may be served by their plasma membrane localization?
a)
They flip back and forth across the membrane to access target proteins on either side.
b)
They require phospholipids as a cofactor.
c)
They can more readily encounter and phosphorylate other membrane proteins.
d)
Membrane localization lowers the activation energy of the phosphorylation reaction.
7.
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as _____ is to _____.
a)
exergonic; endergonic
b)
free energy; entropy
c)
work; energy
d)
entropy; enthalpy
8.
Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?
Enzymes work best at an optimal temperature.
Enzymes work best at an optimal temperature.
a)
The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart
b)
The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.
9.
A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because
a)
the starch solution has less free energy than the sugar solution.
b)
the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic.
c)
the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot easily be surmounted at room temperature.
d)
starch cannot be hydrolyzed in the presence of so much water.
10.
Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?
a)
denaturation of the enzyme
b)
allosteric inhibition
c)
competitive inhibition
d)
saturation of the enzyme activity
11.
Some of the drugs used to treat HIV patients are competitive inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme. Unfortunately, the high mutation rate of HIV means that the virus rapidly acquires mutations with amino acid changes that make them resistant to these competitive inhibitors. Where in the reverse transcriptase enzyme would such amino acid changes most likely occur in drug-resistant viruses?
a)
in or near the active site
b)
at an allosteric site
c)
at a cofactor binding site
d)
in regions of the protein that determine packaging into the virus capsid
12.
For the enzyme-catalyzed reaction shown in Figure 6.2, which of these treatments will cause the greatest increase in the rate of the reaction, if the initial reactant concentration is 1.0 micromolar?
a)
doubling the activation energy needed
b)
cooling the reaction by 10°C
c)
doubling the concentration of the reactants to 2.0 micromolar
d)
doubling the enzyme concentration
13.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
14.
Endergonic reactions require:
a)
an input of energy
b)
a release of energy
c)
do not change energy
15.
Which of the following is true for anabolic reactions?
a)
They are spontaneous and breakdown molecules.
b)
They are nonspontaneous and breakdown molecules.
c)
They are spontaneous and build molecules.
d)
They are nonspontaneous and build molecules.
16.
Which type of reaction increases entropy?
a)
Endergonic
b)
Nonspontaneous
c)
Synthesis
d)
Exergonic
17.
What type of reaction is occurring in this graph?
a)
endergonic
b)
exergonic
c)
unable to determine
18.
Use the diagram to answer the question. Between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
A and C
c)
B and C
d)
C and D
19.
Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?
a)
the flight of an insect foraging for food
b)
the muscle contractions of a person mowing grass
c)
water rushing over Niagara Falls
d)
a molecule of glucose
20.
The place, other than the active site, where activators and inhibitors bind to an enzyme is called the ________ site.
a)
competitive
b)
allosteric
c)
alterior
d)
rate
21.
If a process is spontaneous, what can be said about the Gibbs Free Energy of the process?
a)
ΔG is negative
b)
ΔG is positive
c)
ΔG is zero
22.
A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?
a)
As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
b)
As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.
c)
The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
d)
As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.
23.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
a)
Only species Y is aerobic.
b)
Only species Y is anaerobic
c)
Both species X and Y are aerobic.
d)
Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
24.
Glycolysis is a _______ process
a)
Anabolic
b)
Catabolic
c)
Single Step
d)
Strictly Eukaryotic
25.
NADH is a ______ form of NAD+.
a)
Reduced
b)
Oxidized
c)
Catabolized
d)
Hydrolized
26.
Which molecule enters Kreb's Cycle?
a)
Pyruvate
b)
Glucose
c)
Acetyl CoA
d)
reducing powers
27.
What enzyme in the ETC is responsible for generating the ATP molecules?
a)
ATPase
b)
ATP synthase
c)
Hexokinase
d)
none of the above
28.
Where does ETC occur?
a)
Mitochondrial matrix
b)
Outer mitochondrial membrane
c)
Inner mitochondrial membrane
d)
Cytosol
29.
After strenuous exercise, a muscle cell would contain decreased amounts of ______ and increased amounts of ______ ____
a)
glucose ATP
b)
ATP glucose
c)
oxygen lactic acid
d)
lactic acid ATP
30.
Location of ATP synthase
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
31.
Site of the krebs cycle
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
32.
Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?
a)
electron transport
b)
glycolysis
c)
the citric acid cycle (Krebs)
d)
oxidative phosphorylation
33.
During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location?
a)
Mitochondrial Matrix
b)
mitochondrial outer membrane
c)
mitochondrial inner membrane
d)
mitochondrial intermembrane space
34.
The ATP made during fermentation (including glycolysis) is generated by which of the following?
a)
the electron transport chain
b)
substrate-level phosphorylation
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
oxidative phosphorylation
35.
At what point in cellular respiration is the majority of the NADH produced?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Pyruvate Oxidation
c)
Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle
d)
Electron Transport Chain
36.
How is a molecule oxidized?
a)
Electrons are added to the molecule
b)
Electrons are taken from the molecule
c)
Electrons are shared with the molecule
d)
Protons are added to the molecule
37.
At the end of the Kreb's cycle, where is most of the energy from the original glucose stored?
a)
in CO2
b)
in ATP
c)
in NADH
d)
in pyruvate
38.
During chemiosmosis
a)
H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor
b)
a concentration gradient is generated when H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
c)
energy is released as H+ ions move freely across the mitochondrial membrane
d)
ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase
39.
reduced electron carrier molecule formed in glycolysis
a)
NAD+
b)
NADH
c)
acetyl CoA
d)
FAD
40.
Which statement is TRUE about glycolysis?
a)
Carbon dioxide is produced
b)
Lactic acid is produced
c)
Glucose is oxidized into pyruvate
d)
Glycolysis requires oxygen
41.
the loss of hydrogen or electrons is known as
a)
dehydration
b)
hydrogenation
c)
reduction
d)
oxidation
42.
Which is not part of the net products of Glycolysis?
a)
2 ATP
b)
2 NADH
c)
2 Pyruvate
d)
2 CO2
43.
In the final step of glycolysis ATP is made through the process of:
a)
Substrate Level ATP Synthesis
b)
Oxidative ATP Synthesis
c)
Photo-Phosphorylation Synthesis
d)
RedOx Reactions
44.
Why is yeast used to bake bread?
a)
The waste gas, CO2, makes bread rise
b)
The alcohol produced makes bread dangerous
c)
The yeast consumes O2, causing bread to rise
45.
What is a disadvantage of fermentation as a process?
a)
It produces too much ATP
b)
It only produces 2 ATP
c)
It occurs in the absence of oxygen
d)
It is only for quick bursts of energy
46.
Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2 and glucose
b)
ATP and NADPH
c)
ADP, P and NADP+
d)
H2Oand O2
47.
When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of____
a)
reducing NADP+
b)
splitting water molecules
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
electron transfer in photosystem 1
48.
A plant has reddish leaves. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment
a)
red, yellow
b)
blue, violet
c)
green, yellow
d)
blue, green, yellow
49.
What is the main role of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes?
a)
split water and release oxygen to te reaction-center chloropyll
b)
transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
c)
synthesize ATP
d)
transfer electrons to NADPH
50.
Which of the following processes could still occur in a chloroplast in the presence of an inhibitor that prevents H+ from passing through ATP synthasecomplexes?
a)
photophosphorylation
b)
Calvin cycle
c)
oxidation of NADPH
d)
generation of proton-motive force
51.
T or F: Chemiosmosis is unique to noncyclic photophophorylation.
a)
True
b)
False
52.
Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy?
a)
carbon fixation in stroma
b)
reduction of NADP molecules
c)
ATP Synthesis
d)
removal of electrons from membrane-bound chlorophyll molecules
53.
In what respect are the photosynthetic adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants similar?
a)
an enzyme other than Rubisco carries out the first step in carbon fixation
b)
both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark
c)
both types of plants make their sugar without the Calvin cycle
d)
Stomata normally close during the day
54.
The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during ______
a)
photosynthesis
b)
respiration
c)
neither photosynthesis or respiration
d)
both photosynthesis and respiration
55.
In chemiosimosis in mitochondria, protons flow from the intermembrane space into the matrix, whearas in chemiosimosis in chloroplast, protons flow from __________
a)
the thylakoid space to the stoma
b)
the stoma to the thylakoid space
c)
the matrix into the stoma
d)
the stoma into the cytosol
56.
Which of the following activities is associated with photosystem II?
a)
light energy excites electrons in the thylakoid membrane ETC
b)
electrons released from P680 are replaced by electrons derived from water
c)
P680 donates a pair of electron to NADP+
d)
electrons are passed from P680 to molecular oxygen
57.
The analogy of a neat room that is more organized but less stable than a messy room, which is disorganized but more stable means that the messy room has "_________" entropy.
a)
high
b)
low
c)
moderate
d)
chemical
58.
The __________ law of thermodynamics states that entropy is always increasing.
a)
first
b)
second
c)
third
d)
zeroth
59.
sum of all chemical reactions
a)
chemosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
c)
metabolism
d)
photosynthesis
60.
Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?
a)
cellular respiration
b)
protein synthesis
c)
nerve conduction
d)
muscle contraction
61.
Enzymes need certain environmental conditions in order to function properly. What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
they die
b)
they denature
c)
they change their amino acid sequence
d)
they work better
62.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
a)
Only species Y is aerobic.
b)
Only species Y is anaerobic
c)
Both species X and Y are aerobic.
d)
Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
63.
The process of breaking down a glucose molecule to release energy is called ___________.
a)
Glycogenolysis
b)
Gluconeogenesis
c)
Glycolysis
d)
Hydrolysis
64.
A competitive inhibitor
a)
binds to the allosteric site, blocking the substrate
b)
binds to the active site, blocking the substrate
c)
has a different shape than the enzyme
d)
lowers the activation energy of a reaction
65.
Enzymes are useful for chemical reactions because they ________________________________________.
a)
increase the activation energy
b)
lower the activation energy
c)
decrease the rate of reaction
d)
increase inhibition
66.
What colour line represents non-competitive inhibition?
a)
Green
b)
Orange
c)
Blue
67.
Which colour line represents competitive inhibition?
a)
Green line
b)
Orange line
c)
Blue line
68.
Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site. What is this called?
a)
reusablility
b)
denaturation
c)
specificity
d)
fragility
69.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
70.
What supplies the electrons that are lost in PS I?
a)
the electrons from PS II
b)
water
c)
glucose
d)
oxygen
71.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
72.
Which of the following molecules is not needed for the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2
b)
ATP
c)
NADPH
d)
H2O
73.
Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose?
a)
The soil
b)
CO2 in the air
c)
From other carbohydrates
d)
Calvin Cycle
74.
Plants with the largest amount of which pigment will be best suited for growing conditions where light has a green hue.
a)
Chlorophyll A
b)
Chlorophyll B
c)
Carotenoids
d)
A combination of all 3
75.
The H+ concentration gradient is used to
a)
make NADPH
b)
split a water molecule
c)
generate ATP
d)
form water
76.
Which of the following is NOT a limiting factor for photosynthesis?
a)
Light intensity
b)
Concentration of CO2
c)
Concentration of O2
d)
Wavelength of light
e)
Amount of water
77.
Why is photosynthesis essential to life on Earth?
a)
It converts unusable radiant energy into usable chemical energy
b)
We need the CO2 removing from the air as it is a harmful greenhouse gas
c)
It gives plants a purpose
d)
It isn't essential as we have solar technology now
78.
What does ATP synthase do?
a)
Create ATP in chemiosmosis.
b)
Break down ATP in chemiosmosis.
c)
Break down NADPH.
d)
Create NADPH.
79.
Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast?
a)
in the stroma
b)
within photosystems
c)
in the ATP synthase
d)
in the electron carrier molecule
80.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
a)
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
b)
The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation
d)
Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
81.
Which process is the largest contributor to the release of CO2
a)
Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle
b)
Pyruvate Oxidation
c)
Glycolysis
d)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
82.
If the delta G of a reaction is negative, which response shows the best conclusion for that reaction?
a)
The reaction will release more energy than was needed to form the reaction.
b)
Energy from the reaction can be used to do work.
c)
Energy is absorbed by the reaction which then can be used to power other reactions.
d)
Energy is absorbed within the reaction and distributed unevenly throughout the molecule.
83.
If ADP is phosphorylated then what is this indicating in the reaction?
a)
ADP is forming into ATP
b)
ADP is becoming AMP
c)
ADP is being used to power other reactions
d)
ADP is being created by the reaction
84.
Which process least amount of ATP in cells?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Citric Acid cycle
c)
Lactic acid Fermentation
d)
Pyruvate Oxidation
85.
Pyruvate Oxidation creates a specific numbered carbon molecule at the end of it's process. What is the number of carbons for this molecule?
a)
2
b)
3
c)
6
d)
1
86.
What is the main job of the electron carriers in cellular respiration?
a)
Transport electrons and hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain
b)
Capture energy throughout the process of cellular respiration
c)
Provide the reactants for the process of cellular respiration
d)
Pump positive hydrogen ions and shuttle electrons across the electron transport chain and contribute to chemiosmosis
87.
This process does not make ATP alone, but it allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable for cellular respiration.
a)
Fermentation
b)
Electron Transport Chain
c)
Glycolysis
d)
Kreb's cycle
88.
Which represents a decrease in entropy?
a)
sublimation of CO2
b)
boiling water
c)
condensation of steam on cold glass
d)
NaCl dissolving in water
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