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Unit 6 Review- Duncan

Total questions: 84

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How frequently an allele shows up in a population is referred to as

a)

Gene Pool

b)

Adaptation

c)

Allele Frequency

d)

Genetic Drift

2.

When a small group leaves their mainland to found a new colony, this is considered as

a)

Bottleneck effect

b)

Adaptation

c)

Founder effect

d)

Cause and effect

3.

A physical trait favored by an environmental change is called an

a)

Possibility

b)

Adaptation

c)

Mutation

d)

Extinction

4.

When the population significantly decreases due to a natural disaster (meteor, hurricane, etc), this type of Genetic Drift is considered the

a)

Bottleneck effect

b)

Gene Flow

c)

Founder effect

d)

Allele frequency

5.

In our mud worm experiment, the hurricane was a representation of -

a)

Genetic Frequency

b)

Bottleneck Effect

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Founder Effect

6.

In the mud worm experiment, the worms on islands 1 and 2 migrated from the mainland to their new colonies. These two islands were a representation of the -

a)

Founder Effect

b)

Gene Flow

c)

Bottleneck Effect

d)

Frequency

7.

In our mud worm experiment, Island 3 had an existing population whereas Islands 1 and 2 did not. Because of this, Island 3 represented the example of -

a)

Adaptation

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Allele Frequency

d)

Gene Flow

8.

Which type of selection is the image representing?

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

9.

Which type of selection is represented by the image?

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

10.

All the alleles that appear in the same population is called ______

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Fitness

c)

Gene Pool

d)

Allele Frequency

11.

Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, describe fitness.

a)

Being able to survive and move forward

b)

Being able to reproduce asexually

c)

Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring

d)

Being able to survive a natural disaster

12.

How is genetic drift similar to natural selection?

a)

Both cause changes in the gene pool population

b)

They're not similar

c)

They both wipe out populations

d)

None of the above

13.

  1. Jaguars can have no tail, normal tails and long tails. Jaguars with no tails have a hard time balancing in the trees. Jaguars with very long tails are easier to be caught by a predator.

Which type of selection graph best represents the Jaguars type of selection?

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

14.

The concept of gene flow is demonstrated when a cow is driven off from its herd, joins another herd, and reproduces. When the cow contributes to the gene pool of the new herd, which of these most likely increases?

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Genetic Variation

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Bottleneck

15.

  1. Cheetahs capture prey by outrunning them over short distances. Over time, the fastest cheetahs have been more likely to survive and pass this characteristic to their offspring. 

    This is an example of -

a)

Adaptations

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Allele Frequency

d)

Genetic Drift

16.

Which of the following most likely supports how giraffes evolved long necks?

a)

More long necked giraffes survived to pass on their genes

b)

More short necked giraffes survived to pass on their genes

c)

Short necked giraffes modified their diets to evolve into a new species

d)

It's because of Sam the giraffe from the video shown in class

17.

A new predator of rabbits has been introduced within an ecosystem. This new predator runs faster than the native predators of rabbits. Which statement best describes what will most likely occur in the rabbit population due to the introduction of the new predator?

a)

The rabbits will mutate their genes and express genes that increase their speed

b)

Slower rabbits will develop stronger legs and pass that trait to their offsprings

c)

Rabbits will mate and produce offspring with a different species that have faster runners

d)

Faster rabbits will survive and reproduce, increasing the average speed of the rabbit population

18.

Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce. If the genes also help their offspring survive and reproduce, then which of the following will most likely increase?

a)

The frequency of the genes in one individual

b)

The frequency of the genes in the population

c)

The number of genes in one chromosome

d)

None of these are correct

19.

Immigration (establishing a new home) or Emigration (leaving old home) is an example of

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Allele Frequency

d)

Founder Effect

20.

What is a random change in allele frequency in a population called?

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Fitness

c)

Speciation

d)

Gene Pool

21.

What is evolution?

a)

The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

b)

The process by which organisms change in order to better survive in a certain environment

c)

The process by which organisms reproduce and pass on their genetic material

d)

The process by which organisms adapt to their environment

22.

Which mechanism of evolution refers to the changes in allele frequencies within a single population?

a)

Natural selection

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Mutations

d)

Gene flow

23.

What is natural selection?

a)

The process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

b)

The process by which organisms randomly change their genetic material

c)

The process by which organisms migrate to new populations

d)

The process by which organisms undergo genetic mutations

24.

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

a)

Giraffes with longer necks being able to reach leaves on tall trees

b)

Birds eating green beetles instead of brown beetles

c)

Peppered moths changing color to blend in with their environment

d)

Butterflies migrating to a new area and creating a new population

25.

What is genetic drift?

a)

A random change in allele frequency caused by chance occurrences

b)

The movement of alleles from one population to another

c)

The process of genetic material changing in a cell

d)

The change in allele frequencies following a reduction in population size

26.

Which of the following is an example of the bottleneck effect?

a)

A population of organisms experiencing a dramatic reduction in size, resulting in a change in allele frequency

b)

A small subgroup of a population migrating to a new area and changing allele frequencies

c)

Changes in the genetic material of a cell leading to new alleles in a population

d)

The movement of alleles from one population to another

27.

What are mutations?

a)

Changes in the genetic material of a cell, leading to new alleles in a population

b)

The movement of alleles from one population to another

c)

Random changes in allele frequency caused by chance occurrences

d)

The process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

28.

What is gene flow?

a)

The movement of alleles from one population to another

b)

The process of genetic material changing in a cell

c)

A random change in allele frequency caused by chance occurrences

d)

The change in allele frequencies following a reduction in population size

29.

Which mechanism of evolution involves the movement of alleles from one population to another?

a)

Natural selection

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Mutations

d)

Gene flow

30.

What is the founder effect?

a)

A change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

b)

A random change in allele frequency caused by chance occurrences

c)

The change in allele frequencies following a reduction in population size

d)

The process of genetic material changing in a cell

31.

Which of the following is an example of the founder effect?

a)

A small group of butterflies migrating to a new area and creating a new population

b)

A population of organisms experiencing a dramatic reduction in size, resulting in a change in allele frequency

c)

Changes in the genetic material of a cell leading to new alleles in a population

d)

The movement of alleles from one population to another

32.

What is the purpose of mutations in evolution?

a)

To change the genetic material of a cell

b)

To increase biodiversity in a population

c)

To cause a reduction in population size

d)

To allow organisms to better adapt to their environment

33.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
34.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
35.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
36.
Predict which moth would increase in population
a)
light 
b)
dark
37.
Scientists compare organisms' DNA to support the theory that all species share a common _________________
a)
separation
b)
ancestor
c)
population
d)
environment
38.
Structures are similar in appearance but not in structure
a)
Vestigial 
b)
Homologous 
c)
Analogous Structures 
d)
Embryonic 
39.

Similar structures with different purposes found in different species are known as _____

a)

vestigial structures

b)

DNA

c)

homologous structures

d)

the fossil record

40.

The picture shows a/an ___________

a)

homologous structure

b)

vestigial structure

41.

What is this an example of?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial organs

d)

Functional adaption

42.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
43.
Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale? 
a)
Hippopotamus 
b)
Baleen Whale
c)
Grazing Mammals
d)
Camels
44.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
45.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
46.

What conclusions can be made based on this table shown?

a)

the American black bear and the giant panda are most closely related

b)

the giant panda and the red panda are most closely related

c)

the red panda and the racoon are the most closely related

d)

the giant panda and the racoon are most closely related

47.

A scientist compares DNA taken from four different living species. Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Species X evolved from Species Y.

b)

Species A and Z share a recent common ancestor.

c)

Species A and Species Y are the same.

d)

Species Y and Species Z can interbreed.

48.
A biological ____________ is a group of interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated from other groups.
a)
species
b)
family
c)
phylogeny
d)
hybrid
49.
__________ enable an organism to survive in its environment.
a)
adaptations
b)
natural selections
c)
divergence
d)
extinctions
50.

When looking at two birds of the same species, you notice that one has darker feathers than the other one. You also notice that one has a beak that is just a little longer. These slight differences within members of the same species are called.....

a)

Fossils

b)

Extinction

c)

Meiosis

d)

Variations

51.

The picture shows a/an ___________

a)

homologous structure

b)

vestigial structure

52.

Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?

a)

The color patterns of the offspring of each species

b)

How much the size ranges of the two species differ

c)

The methods of protein synthesis that each species uses

d)

How closely related the two species are to each other.

53.

What conclusion can you draw from the fact that many modern whale species have vestigial pelvic and leg bones?

a)

The ancestors of whales may have been land mammals

b)

Whales could walk if they wanted to

c)

Whales are preparing to evolve into land animals

d)

Someday whales will be able to walk and will have legs

54.
In recent years "SuperBugs" (bacteria that aren't effected by antibiotics) are becoming more and more common. How could natural selection explain this?
a)
Superbugs survive antibiotics and reproduce
b)
Antibiotics cause bacteria to become superbugs
c)
We have always had the same amount of superbugs; modern media just discusses them more.
d)
There is no reliable data on the origin of super bugs.
55.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
56.
Since the 1800s humans have stopped burning coal, and the trees have returned to their original color. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
57.

An organisms with the “best” traits (adaptations) will live longer and

reproduce more than others, causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heritable

a)

Evolution

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Fitness

d)

Variation

58.

Genes that are beneficial to the species will....

a)

evolve a new species

b)

will not be passed down to its' offspring

c)

become more common over time

d)

cause the extinction of a species

59.

Individuals don't evolve! (a)   do!

60.

Which one does not increase variation?

a)

Gene flow

b)

Migration

c)

Mitosis

d)

Crossing Over

61.

Which of the following is not a principle of natural selection?

a)

Competition for resources

b)

Older organisms are more wise

c)

Variation via mutations

d)

Adaptations

62.

What is the study of prehistoric life through the fossil record?

a)

Embryology

b)

Paleontology

c)

Morphology

d)

Biogeography

63.
Which is necessary for speciation to occur?
a)
adaptation
b)
mass extinction
c)
isolation
d)
acquired traits
64.
___ are mistakes in the DNA that cause variation within a species.
a)
mutations
b)
adaptations
c)
speciations
d)
isolations
65.

According to the diagram, which organism is LEAST related to the others?

a)

5

b)

4

c)

3

d)

2

66.
Any inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its environment is called ___.
a)
a mutation
b)
an adaptation
c)
evolution
d)
natural selection
67.
The evolution of a new species from an existing species is ____.
a)
natural selection
b)
isolation
c)
speciation
d)
genetic variation
68.
When a population becomes divided by an event such as a new river forming, ____________ has occurred.
a)
Differentiation 
b)
Isolation
c)
Adaptation
d)
Separation
69.

Which best describes punctuated equilibrium?

a)

Speciation occurs due to natural selection

b)

Speciation occurs due to isolation

c)

Speciation occurs slowly in geologic time, followed by long periods with very fast evolutionary change.

d)

Speciation occurs suddenly and rapidly in geologic time, followed by long periods with little evolutionary change.

70.
Describes a patter of long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change
a)
convergent evolution
b)
coevolution
c)
punctuated equilibrium
d)
adaptive radiation
71.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

72.
The evolution of an ancestral species into an array of species that occupy different niches
a)
convergent evolution
b)
coevolution
c)
speciation
d)
adaptive radiation
73.
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as
a)
speciation
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
gradualism
d)
microevolution
74.

A forest fire ignites in the Sam Houston State Forest and kills many members of a population of pigmy rattlesnakes.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

75.

A forest fire ignites in the Sam Houston State Forest and kills many members of a population of pigmy rattlesnakes.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

76.

Select the best answer based on the image.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

77.

Genetic Diversity is increased through this process.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

78.

If a population of lizards is isolated on an island, with no new immigrants over many years, any new genetic variations are most likely to come from

a)

recessive alleles

b)

natural selection

c)

mutations

d)

speciation

79.

An allele combination (BB, Bb, or bb) is called a

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

mutation

d)

gene flow

80.

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

a)

Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.

b)

Because they come from dominant alleles.

c)

Because they come from recessive alleles.

d)

Because the organism knew it needed that trait, survives, and passes it on.

81.
A  population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide.  Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray.  What can BEST be inferred from this example?
a)
species will adapt no matter what the environment
b)
environment has no effect on the survival of an organism
c)
Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce
d)
Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation
82.

If you take antibiotics only the resistant bacteria survive and the non-resistant bacteria die. This is an example of...

a)

Resistance

b)

Survival of the fittest

c)

How antibiotics work

83.

Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of sponges and mushrooms?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

84.

Which group on the cladogram arose FIRST?

a)

Theropods

b)

Allosaurus

c)

Robin

d)

Velociraptor

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