WorksheetsBiology EOC Review
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 36mins
Two students were testing the amount of fertilizer that would best promote the growth of strawberries in a garden. Which of the following could be an unavoidable source of experimental error?
length of the study
variation in the strawberry plants
the cost of watering the plants
fertilization during the study
In most stable freshwater environments, populations of Daphnia are almost entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, males are observed in low oxygen environments or when food is scarce. Based on these observations, a researcher suggests that male Daphnia develop in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. This is an example of a
result.
theory.
procedure.
hypothesis.
A computer model of cellular mitosis can simulate the aspects of cellular division quite well. However, microscopic observation of actual cellular mitosis can improve understanding because actual observations
may reveal greater unknown complexities.
are easier than a computer model to view.
are the same each time.
may provide division events in sequence.
After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most likely order of succession in the repopulation of the area?
lichens → grasses → shrubs → trees
mosses → grasses → lichens → trees
grasses → trees → mosses → lichens
shrubs → grasses → trees → lichens
When the Mount St. Helens volcano erupted, the blast covered much of the surrounding area with ash. Based on the diagram above, which list shows the sequence of secondary succession that followed that eruption?
X, Y, Z, W
Z, X, Y, W
W, Y, X, Z
Z, Y, W, X
Which information was most important to the development of genetic engineering techniques?
the observation of nondominant alleles
the discovery of lethal genes
the formulation of Punnett squares
the structure of a DNA molecule
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
perforated.
semi-permeable.
non-conductive.
permeable.
The plasma membrane of a cell consists of
protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas forming the outside of the membrane.
two layers of lipids organized with the non-polar tails forming the interior of the membrane.
lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers.
protein molecules with polar and non-polar tails
What causes tomatoes to ripen much more slowly in a refrigerator than they do if left on a table at room temperature?
Tomatoes need sunlight to ripen.
Humidity accelerates the ripening process.
Low temperatures reduce the action of ripening enzymes.
Enzymes produced by bacteria inhibit ripening.
There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?
Different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm.
Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions.
An enzyme binds to a specific substrate (reactant) for the reaction catalyzed.
Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes.
Some snake venoms are harmful because they contain enzymes that destroy blood cells or tissues. The damage caused by such a snakebite could best be slowed by
applying ice to the bite area.
drinking large amounts of water.
inducing vomiting.
increasing blood flow to the area.
Maltose can be broken down into glucose molecules by the enzyme maltase. Which of the following would slow the reaction rate?
adding maltase
adding maltose
removing glucose
diluting with water
Which of these best completes this concept map?
an animal cell
a prokaryotic cell
a virus
a plant cell
Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells
are much smaller.
have permeable membranes.
have a higher rate of reproduction.
have nuclei.
Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the proteins that the cell secretes?
cytoskeleton
cell membrane
lysosome
Gogli Apparatus
Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight?
glucose
carbon dioxide
chlorophyll
adenosine triphosphate
The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is
light-dependent.
temperature-dependent.
glucose-driven.
ATP-driven.
A cell from heart muscle would probably have an unusually high proportion of
lysosomes
mitochondria
mRNA
Golgi bodies
In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) takes place in
chloroplasts
nuclei
lysosomes
mitochondria
This process is known as
meiosis
mitosis
endocytosis
phagocytosis
Which of the following statements correctly describes meiosis?
Cells divide only once during meiosis.
Meiosis does not occur in reproductive cells.
The cells produced at the end of meiosis are genetically identical to the parent cell.
The cells produced at the end of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement.
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism.
It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord.
It is the first stage of mitosis.
If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that could be present in a single grain of pollen from this plant?
Ty, ty
TY, ty
TY, Ty, ty
Ty, ty, tY, TY
The diagram above shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?
mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered
segregation of sister chromatids
condensation and segregation of alleles
crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
Which of the following sequences represents chromosome number during fertilization?
n + n → 2n
2n → n + n
n → n
2n → 2n
Which of the following is the best explanation for why the chromosome number is an even number in each of these organisms?
It is only a coincidence; many other organisms have an odd number of chromosomes.
The diploid chromosome number is always even so that when mitosis occurs each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes.
The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an even number.
Chromosomes double every time the cell divides, so after the first division, the number is always even.
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization, the probability of producing a female is
25%
50%
75%
90%
In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia eyes (r) is recessive. What are the possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?
RR only
rr only
Rr and rr only
RR, Rr, and rr only
In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing?
0%
25%
50%
100%
Which one of the following choices is true of the phenotype of offspring from these parents?
All offspring will have black fur.
All offspring will have white fur.
All offspring will have long-haired fur.
All offspring will have short-haired fur.
If a human baby boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother, in which circumstance would he most likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele?
The baby inherits the dominant allele from his father.
The allele is on an autosomal chromosome and the baby is a twin.
The allele is on the X chromosome
The allele is on the Y chromosome.
Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that
haploid cells are produced by mitosis.
diploid cells are produced by mitosis.
haploid cells are produced by meiosis.
diploid cells are produced by meiosis.
A strand of mRNA containing the repeating sequence AAG AAG AAG AAG could code for which of the following amino acid sequences?
lys–arg–glu–lys
ser–ser–glu–glu
lys–arg–lys–arg
lys–lys–lys–lys
5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
4
8
12
20
A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of only the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?
The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.
UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine
Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.
Which of these would most likely cause a mutation?
the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
the release of messenger RNA from DNA
One human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. This disease is the result of
a mutation.
a meiosis error.
crossing-over.
polyploidy.
Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the
size of a given amino acid can vary.
chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary
sequence and number of amino acids is different.
same amino acid can have many different properties.
The clear protein of an egg white becomes opaque and firm when cooked because the heat
mutates the DNA.
turns the protein into carbohydrates.
stops protein formation.
changes the protein structure.
Which of the following base pair sequences could be produced in DNA replication?
5' AGTCUT 3'
3' TCUGTA 5'
5' AGTCAT 3'
3' TCAGTA 5'
5' AGTCAT 3'
3' CTGACG 5'
5' AGTCAT 3'
3' UCAGUA 5'
5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3'
3' C A T G C A T T 5'
This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme would replace them with
CGT
GCA
CTG
GTA
A DNA base sequence is shown below.
ACAGTGC
How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?
TGTCACG
GUGACAU
UGUCACG
CACUGUA
Semi-conservative replication of DNA refers to the idea that
DNA molecules need to unwind before duplication begins.
each new DNA molecule contains two new single RNA strands.
the two strands of DNA molecules run in opposite directions.
each half of the original DNA molecule is joined with a new complementary DNA strand.
Genetic engineering has produced goats
whose milk contains proteins that can be used
as medicines. This effect was produced by
mixing foreign genes into the milk.
injecting foreign genes into the goats’ udders.
inserting foreign genes into fertilized goat eggs.
genetically modifying the nutritional needs of the goats’ offspring.
Scientists found that, over a period of 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several communities of organisms were replaced by different communities. Which of these best explains why new communities were able to replace older communities?
The original species became extinct.
Species in the older community died from old age.
The abiotic characteristics of the habitat changed.
Diseases that killed the older organisms disappeared.
In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra; the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides?
The Spirogyra population will probably die.
The bluegill population will probably increase.
The Daphnia population will eat something else.
The smallmouth bass population will die.
A food chain is shown below.
Grasses --> Crickets --> Field Mice --> Hawks
For the food chain shown, which of the following changes would have the most severe consequences?
a drastic decrease in rainfall, causing drought
the poaching of predatory hawks by game hunters
the introduction of a second predator that eats field mice
a parasitic infestation that reduces the cricket population
Rabbits introduced into Australia over 100 years ago have become a serious pest to farmers. Rabbit populations increased so much that they displaced many native species of plant eaters. What is the most logical explanation for their increased numbers?
Rabbits have a high death rate.
There are few effective predators.
Additional rabbit species have been introduced.
There is an increase in rabbit competitors.
The graph above shows the birth rate and death rate for a population during the 1900s.
From 1900 to 2000, the population has
increased.
decreased.
stayed the same.
increased until 1930, then decreased.
Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the
herbivores.
water.
vegetation.
atmosphere.
Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms?
herbivores
producers
parasites and viruses
fungi and bacteria
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?
clams
sardines
sharks
kelp
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid?
giant squids
sand sharks
sea cucumbers
green algae
The chart shows four alleles at the same locus that affect rabbits’ coat color. Each allele is dominant to the ones below it. Rabbits with an albino or Himalayan coat are more susceptible to predators. Which of the following genotypes will produce a rabbit that is least likely to survive?
cchc
Cc
chc
Cch
Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from other subspecies of giraffes?
available niches
existing predators
chromosome number
available food resources
In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching. In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
are heterozygous for the disease.
have the disease themselves.
produce new mutations for this disease.
are closely interbred.
A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of this individual?
two dominant normal alleles
one recessive lethal allele and one dominant lethal allele
one recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele
one dominant lethal allele and one recessive normal allele
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa), whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms. Based on this information, which of the following is likely to result?
The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce.
The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes.
Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive.
The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time.
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
natural processes that produce genetic diversity.
natural processes that always affect the phenotype.
unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype.
unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
Which of these best illustrates natural selection?
An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate
A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes.
The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.
A species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. The groups that survive probably have
interbred with other species.
inherited some advantageous variations
found new places on the island to live.
been attacked by more predators.
A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members. After several generations, the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of
the evolution of a new species.
natural selection.
artificial selection.
adaptive radiation.
Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes?
Dominant species had a slow mutation rate.
Many species filled the same niche.
A strong species had many different characteristics.
A wide diversity of species existed.
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.
It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.
It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits.
It will reduce genetic diversity.
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
genetic drift.
mutation rate.
natural selection.
genetic variation.
A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to
higher mutation rates on one side.
low genetic diversity in the initial population.
the isolation of the two groups.
differences in reproductive rates.
Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated species. Each of these new species lived in a different pond. Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation?
episodic isolation
temporal isolation
geographic isolation
behavioral isolation
If a paleontologist finds fossils of many different species existing in the same area at approximately the same time, the paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
climatic variation.
episodic speciation.
biological diversity.
geographic isolation.
Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins on their own?
blue-green algae
bacteria
protozoans
viruses
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?
Neither responds to antibiotics.
Both respond to antibiotics.
Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not
Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.
