the molten rocks that are found beneath the Earth’s surface

when magma emerges at the surface it is called ____________

MAGMA composed of:

MAGMA expressed in terms of oxide:

melting can occur when the temperature stays the same but the pressure decreases

when volatiles or gaseous substances are added into the hot solid rocks

melting of surrounding rocks caused by very hot magma that brings additional heat

is a vent or a series of vents on the crust

is the event when lava is spewed out of the volcano

what are the two (2) types of eruption?

choose 2

is dominated by the flow of lava and formation of fountains and lakes.

ejects ash and larger fragments of broken pyroclastic materials

forms a very broad dome with a gentle slope that covers a very wide area.

composed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic materials

consists of small cone formed by spattering lava

is a vibration on the surface of Earth resulting from the sudden release of energy.

Why do earthquakes occur?

choose 2

part 1. CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE

choose 3

part 2: CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE

choose 2

when rocks are subjected to stresses they begin to deform

occurs when rocks are pushed towards each other from opposite sides

what are the three (3) PARTS of a fold?

choose 3

what are the three (3) TYPES of fold?

choose 3

UPWARD formation of folds

DOWNWARD formation of a fold

gently dipping

bends in horizontal rock layers

what are the three (3) KINDS of TECTONIC PROCESSES?

choose 3

occurs when the dominant force is

directed away from

each other

is formed when the dominant force

is directed towards each other

occurs when the dominant forces

are directed towards each other

but not along the same axis

____________is the fracturing and displacement of brittle rocks strata along a fault plane.

layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that were formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.

is the process of mountain building

the process by which the Earth’s surface moves from a lower elevation to a higher elevation

is the study of the processes that deform Earth’s crust.

the continents were all originally part of a huge landmass called PANGEA that surrounded by a single ocean, _____________________

one of the evidences of continental drift is the fit of Continental Shorelines

one of the evidences of continental drift is the Distribution of Glacial Sediments

one of the evidences of continental drift is the Paleoclimate

one of the evidences of continental drift is the distribution of fossils

one of the evidences of continental drift is the Distribution of Rocks

is a fracture separating one plate from another

what are the three (3) types of plate boundaries?

choose 3

Places, events or rocks in their chronological sequence or order of occurrence without knowing their actual age.

sedimentary layers of rocks are deposited horizontal position

The layer at the

bottom of the sequence is the oldest, and the successively higher levels are successively younger.

Faults and igneous intrusions are younger than the rocks they cut across.

The rock fragments are older than the

rock layer where they were embedded

places actual ages of rocks and events based on radiometric dating technique.

what are the four (4) types of fossils?

choose 4

are fossils

used to define and identify geologic

periods

is the system used by scientists to relate stratigraphy and time to any geologic events.

Comprises about 88% of the Earth’s entire history

*“chaotic eon”

*Earth’s surface was continually bombarded with meteorites.

*Volcanism

*Ocean and atmosphere were formed

Atmosphere

contained mostly

methane and little

to NO oxygen

Most Earth was covered with ocean

*Longest eon

*Great changes: oxygenation of atmosphere

*Diversification of

eukaryote life

*Appearance of multicellular animal life

*Motion of continental drift

All the continents had come together to

form the super continent PANGAEA

what are the three (3) periods under mesozoic era?

*Most complete geologic record of any era

*continents were fully separated

*plate tectonics have generated many volcanic and orogenic events

first primate to exist?

the great ice age

*development of agriculture

*domestication of animals

*humans became the

dominant form of life

what are the two (2) major EON?

choose 2

one (1) example of a mammals that existed during EPOCH